1. Post Harvest Quality and Food Safety of Tropical FruitProduction in South East Asian Countries, Bangkok, Thailand,30 April 4 May 2012 POST HARVEST HANDLING SYSTEM OF TROPICAL FRUITS IN MALAYSIANUR IZALIN MOHAMAD ZAHARISAIFUL BAHRI SAARIFOOD TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTRE, MARDI G.P.O. BOX 12301, 50774 KUALA LUMPUR12301,

2. 1.0 Introduction Malaysia comprises Peninsular Malaysia and the state of Sabahand Sarawak. Peninsular Malaysia borded by Thailand in theNorth and Singapore in the South. Across the sea from thePeninsular are the Bornean states of Sarawak and Sabah.Peninsular Malaysia covers an area of 132 000 km2, whilethe combined of Sabah and Sarawak covers area of 198 000km2. The capital city, Kuala Lumpur is located in WilayahPersekutuan on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Apopulation of Malaysia is approximately 27 million people. 3. MAP : ASIA 4. MAP OF MALAYSIA 5. Agriculture represents about 26% of the GrossDomestic Product. From total cultivated area inMalaysia, 90% was industrial crops (oil palm, rubber,paddy, herbs, coconut, flowers) and 6.4% for fruits and3.6% for vegetables. The commercial fruit types devidedin two categories; seasonal (mango, rambutan, durian, dokong, mangosteen) non-seasonal (carambola, pineapple, melons, guava, banana).There are also new potential fruits increased inMalaysian production such as dragon fruit, wax apple,snake fruit (salak) and pulasan. 6. Consumption of fruits per capita: 2005 2010 65 kg75 kg -90% Fruits: locally marketed- watermelon (23%) -10% - exported :- papaya (13%) (RM433 M (1998)- durian (10%) To RM514 M (2003) - carambola (9%) - banana (5%) 7. Table 1: Typical tropical fruits planted in Malaysia*Source: Department of Agriculture, 2010 statistics 8. Fig. 1: Example of tropical fruits cultivated in Malaysia 9. New distribution of fruits in Malaysia as shown in Figure2. Malaysia has planned to have a modern and systematicwholesale market. In achieving this plan, TEMAN(National Food Terminal) was proposed by governmentagency, FAMA (Federal Agricultural MarketingAuthority). 10. Figure 2: Current system of Malaysian wholesale market 11. To protect consumerhealthTo gain market access- Retailer requirements- Governmentrequirements 12. In the new system of wholesale market:the systematic distribution system of fruit, vegetables, flower, marine products, meats and grocery are needed.cooperation and effort between producers, government agencies and private sectors is important to realized this programsupported by the improvement in whole sector production, handling, retailing and marketing technologies. 13. DOA (Department of Agriculture)productionMARDIdevelopment and transfer of tech.(Malaysian Agricultural Researchand Development Institute)FAMA marketing of agri produce(Federal Agricultural MarketingAuthority)Agriculture in Malaysia, was successfully increased Malaysianeconomic for commercial commodities such as palm oil, rubberand herbs. Production and commercialization of fruits andvegetables was increased gradually in the past 10 years.Recently, this sector is given priority by Malaysian governmentto increased national food security. 14. MARDI - high responsibility to lead in science andtechnology for transformation of the food andagriculture industries, to develop and promoteleading edge technologies for the advancement offood and agriculture industries.In terms to develop new distribution of fruits in thenew system of wholesale market, postharvesthandling system are one of the most important toimprove in most of the activities from production toconsumers. 15. 1.2 Current Status of Post Harvest Handling inMalaysia Post-Harvest handling - a major problem in the development of the fruit industry in Malaysia. Rough handling - resulted in severe damage and losses to the fruits when the products reach to the market. The need for proper handling of produce at post harvest stage is not given proper attention - most cases better handling practices may not necessarily benefit the fruit producers in term of monetary return. However, better handling systems have been practiced by some growers on highly priced fruits such as starfruit, jackfruit and guava, especially for export markets. Further improvement is needed as to give better return to the growers and producers. 16. Harvesting and handling produce Product QualityQuality is the combination of a products characteristics that are critical to meetcustomers expectations and needs. 17. Product Quality Internal Flesh colour Texture External FlavourColour Aroma BlemishDisease SizeShape Crispness/WiltingPackaging 18. The main problems of post harvest handling of fruits inMalaysia: (i) In appropriate production practices small farm size andpoor production practices cause by insufficient knowledgeand high production cost. (ii) Rough jungle tracking - leads to mechanical injury of fruitsand vegetables.(iii) Poor agri-business management improper practices fromfarm to market, affecting fruit quality control for example,used of unsuitable container or without container duringtransportation. 19. (iv) Inadequate post harvest management systems throughout the commodity chain, horticulture production suffer from high pre and post harvest losses mainly due to inadequate and insufficient knowledge about managed processing capacity, cold chain infrastructure, packaging material and post harvest system.(v) Improper pest and diseases managements fruits was infected with bacteria and viruses even at farm level and also the various post harvest handling stages and market distribution.(vi) Limited training capacity the need for well trained farm worker at all levels to assure product quality. 20. (vii) Lack of packing house and cooling facility and cold chainmaintenance. There are many cold rooms are available atFAMA packing house complexes for temporary storage. It isimportant to provide enough cold chain facilities throughoutthe handling path taken by the produce right after harvestinguntil the market. Sufficient number of cold truck must beprovided to transport the produce under continuouslyrefrigerated condition. Proper packing house operation hasbeen practiced only by several large fruit producers andexporters. Small fruit and vegetable growers handle theirproduce in small packing sheds nearly the farm itself. 21. (viii) Fruits and vegetables in Malaysia normally been graded to the grade system agreed by both the seller and buyer. Uniform standards for some fruits (such as papaya, carambola, pineapple) and vegetables (such as chilli) have been produced by the Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM). 22. 1.3 Solution of the ProblemTo provide effective technology transfer for post harvesthandling system (techniques of harvesting, transportation,pre-cooling, sorting, grading, washing, treatments,packaging,labelling, ripening/degreening/flavourdevelopment, storage, distribution):Increased promotion for agri-business and technologytransfer by government and private sectorMore cooperation between government agencies (fromproduction to marketing) 23. Increased training, seminar, conference, symposium,exhibitionIntroduce licence/certificate to company who adoptgood post harvest technology handling (to createcompetition and enforcement)Cooperation with mass media for education andpromotion 24. FAMA has already planned for this activities andthe project is ongoing. Therefore, only the postharvest handling system need to be improvefurther. 25. There are many aspects of postharvest handlingoperations that need to be looked into in futureresearch and some of them are listed below: Pre-cooling of produce Physical and chemical postharvest treatments Modified and controlled atmosphere packaging Cold chain system Refrigerated transport 26. Improved packaging for distributionPesticide residue monitoringCooperative handling systemsMinimal processingGrading and standardisationNon-destructive measurementModelling and simulation 27. Minimal Processing 28. Easy to handle Can arrange straight on thecontainer Quality control (2-3 weeks) 29. Fresh-cut: Fresh produce,peeled, sliced, nicely packedand ready for immediateconsumptionBecome very popularNeed to be combined with Quality Assurance System (QAS) 30. Ready to eatMinimal wasteBetter organolepticproperties (advancematurity)Overcome peeling andpreparation problems (latex,thorns, heavy)Efficient space utilization 31. JackfruitPineapple Limau MaduDurian MangosteenPomelo Mixed fruits Some vegetables 32. Domestic markets (retail shops,supermarkets, hypermarkets)Regional markets (Singapore,Brunei)Distant markets By air and sea(Hong Kong, Japan, Europe) 33. Challenges of the Agricultural Sector 1. Globalization and Free Trade- world market trade is now open competition is very intense 2. High Expectation of Consumers- demand for safe and high quality food.35 34. Challenges of the Agricultural Sector 3. Commitment to sustainable agriculture- food importers and buyers are committed tothe principles of sustainable agriculture. 4. Sanitary and Phytosanitary controls imposedby importers are critical for the internationaltrade of fresh fruit and vegetables. 5. Bottom line major manufacturers and buyersare now demanding agricultural products thatare produced in a safe and sustainable way andconforming to standards of GAP.36 35. Supply chain managementFresh market 6 members 1 Farmer 2 Collector 3Transporter Wholesaler or 4 trader 5 Retailer 6Consumer 36. GAP MALAYSIA CROPMalaysian Farm Good Agricultural practice( SALM- Skim Amalan Ladang Malaysia)Malaysian Organic Skim ( SOM Skim OrganicMalaysia)38 37. WHAT IS SALM ? A certification program to recognize farms that adopt Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), operate in a sustainable and an environmentally friendly way, considering workers health and safety and yield produces that are of quality and safe for consumption 38. MALAYSIAN FARM CERTIFICATION SCHEME FORGOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (SALM)Launched by DOA (2002)Malaysian GAPAimed at givingrecognition to farmsadopting GAPProduce high quality andsafe produce forconsumers 39. SALM CERTIFIED FARMS 40. FARMERS WITH SALM CERTIFICATION 41. GOOD QUALITY PRODUCE BEINGPACKED AND TRANSPORTED FOR SALETO CONSUMERS 42. SALM Products promotion in Supermarkets 43. ORGANIC CERTIFICATION IN MALAYSIASOMOAM 44. MALAYSIAN ORGANIC SCHEME(SOM)Skim Organik Malaysia (SOMA certification programme underDepartment Of Agriculture that givesrecognition to growers who cultivatetheir crop plants according to thecriteria/requirements spelt out in theMalaysian Standard MS 1529 : 2001 TheProduction, Processing, Labelling andMarketing of Plant Based OrganicallyProduced Foods. 45. ProcedureApplicationSite inspection/evaluationVerification of farm practicesAnalysis of farm produce, water and inputs 46. LOGO TM 47. Organic farms 48. SOM CERTIFIED FARMKAHANG ORGANICRICE ECO FARM(SOM 1.03) 49. FOOD SAFETY Food Assurance Hazard Analysis and Control Critical Point ( HACCP)The HACCP system is a science basedand systematic method that identified specific Hazards and measures for ensuring food safety 50. FOOD SAFETYIn Malaysia , Food safety system involve:Ministry of HealthMinistry of Agriculture and AgrobaseIndustry 51. FOOD SAFETYThis system being adopted by the agricultureoperators as a guide to food production.Safety assurance are :GAP, Good Animal Husbandry Practice (GAHP),Code of Practice for Aquaculture, GoodManufacturing Practice (GMP), Good HygienePractice ( GHP) 52. Legal Requirement1. Pesticide Act 19742. Enviromental Act 19743. Food Act 19834. Workers Health, Safety and Welfere Act 1994 53. :: WELCOME TO THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SYMPOSIUM 2012 :: Pre-harvest Effects on Postharvest Postharvest Physiology Postharvest Technology Postharvest Pathology and Entomology Quality, Safety and Security Handling, Packaging and Shipping Technology Consumers and Marketing Visit- http://www.mardi.gov.my