COCONUTPost-harvest Operations - Post-harvest CompendiumCOCONUT: Post-harvest OperationsOrganisation: Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC) www.apcc.org.sgAuthor: P.G.Punchihewa and R.N. AranconEdited by AGSI/FAO: Danilo Meia (!echnical)" #e$erly %ewis (%anguage & 'tyle)"Last reviewed: ()*(+*(,,,Contents (. -ntroduction ......................................................................................................................... (.(/conomic and 'ocial -mpact of Coconut...................................................................... (..0orld !rade .................................................................................................................1 (.2Primary Products ..........................................................................................................3 (.)'econdary and deri$ed product ..................................................................................(. (.1Re4uirements for /5port and 6uality Assurance ........................................................ ..Post7Production 8perations ..............................................................................................) ..(Pre79ar$est 8perations ...............................................................................................) ...9ar$esting ...................................................................................................................) ..2Copra Processing ........................................................................................................: ..)Drying .........................................................................................................................; 2.8$erall %osses ..................................................................................................................22 )./conomic and 'ocial Considerations...............................................................................2) 1.References ........................................................................................................................21 3.Anne5 ...............................................................................................................................2: 3.(%ist of !aa )(, )(, )(, )(, )(,!hailand 2;, 223 2,: )(. 2::Banuatu ,3 ,3 ,3 ,3 ,3Bietnam ..+ .(1 (;3 (, (,+0estern 'amoa )3 1+ 11 :1 :1Palau () () () () ()#angladesh 2( 2( 2( 2. .,Myanmar ., 2+ 2( 2. 22=rench Polynesia 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+Ciried . 5) !he oil is then clarified . 'ometimes a filter press is used.8nce clarified" the oil can et as coo>ing oil without further chemical refining. !he main e4uipment used in a small 98-D processing plant are as followsH a) hammer mill orgrater 7 this is used to cut the fresh coconut >ernels. -n some areas in -ndonesia" the >ernel is gratedI in the com on impro$ing small scale coconut oil e5traction methods using the participatory approach" particularly in$ol$ing women in the rural areas in Asia" the Pacific and Africa. 8ne of the design ad$ancements of the Ram Press is a $ersion that is smaller and easily operated ernel is dried" cooled" graded and pac>aged in moisture and odour proof containers. -n the desiccating process the wet >ernel is shredded into nine different cuts. !hese cuts are grouped under three : Arra%6 and La2banogHome-(ade (oulded Coconut &ugarMoulded coconut sugar is ediing place completely sanitary.8nce the grated coconut is ready" (22.2 >g) coconut mil> may then les" fruit coc>tails" drin>s" icecream" sher from the freshly grated coconut meat. 2. Mil> e5tractionH Place the coconut meat in the . 4. Mi5ingH !o the remaining .2 litres of water" add the e5tracted coconut mil>" dissol$edsugar" glacial acetic acid and mother li4uor. 'tir thoroughly with a wooden ladle to get ahomogenous mi5ture. 'et aside a small portion as mother li4uor for the ne5t mi5ing. 5. =illingH Distri the nata for one or more days in se$eral changes of water to remo$e the sour taste and smell. Drain the nata and if acid is totally remo$ed. Add sugar e4ual to the weight of drained nata. Mi5 thoroughly and set aside o$ernight. !hene5t day" stir the mi5ture to disperse any undissol$ed sugar. Add a small amount of water. 9eat the mi5ture to e the soap ha$e to aline which would cause a in. !he oils used for soap ma>ing fall into two categories. -n the first category are oils that are oernels of different types of palms. !he mostcommonly >nown oils in this category are coconut oil and palm >ernel oil. !hey are >nown are ?lauric oils? e hard soap which produces fast foaming lather.!o ma>e soap ilo of Na89 andtwo >ilos of water" and pour the Na89 fla>es in water and stir constantly until dissol$ed. A$oid inhaling the $apour o$er the solution as the mi5ture will of ageing.Coconut &hell Charcoal (a+ingCharcoal ma>ing is e charcoal for household use. As demand increased" more sophisticated methods were de$eloped to produce charcoal in commercial scale. !oday" small yard and commercial>ilns are iln used in charcoal ma>ing are the primiti$e or modified pit and the drum.COCONUT: Post-harvest Operations Page 18Primiti$e or modified pit 7 A simple pit is dug in the ground ust enough to accommodate the desired numg charcoal. Generally" it ta>es 2 tons of shells to ma>e ( ton of charcoal.,ses o% Coconut &hell Charcoal "cti$ated Car-on:Acti$ated carum Dryer. -nstead of using metal drums as the heat e5changer common in Cu>um Dryers" the Cocopugon uses s. #ric>s are >nown for their high strength" duraills on coconut post7har$est technologies ha$e caused significant losses starting from the har$esting of the nuts" seasoning" drying and storage. 0hile wastage and losses occur at different stages" the copra drying stage or the efficiency ofthe drying process at the farm le$el is the most critical stage as this affects suroach" a moth and an earwig to e. 'tudies re$eal that after one year of storage" copra weight loss due to pests ey importers of coconut products.!he medical and other e$idence that came to light in the last few years in defence of coconut oil has cleared the misconception and misinformation aarta" -ndonesia.Tha25anB ..D. ((,,2). Processin of Coconut Products in "ndia. Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC). Da>arta" -ndonesia.Tha25anB ..D. ((,,3). Coconut for Pros(erity. Pee>ay !ree Crops De$elopment=oundation. Cerala" -ndia.Tille6aratneB ,.A. ((,,1). Processin of Coconut Products in Sri :anka. Asianand Pacific Coconut Community (APCC). Da>arta" -ndonesia.:aarta" -ndonesia.COCONUT: Post-harvest Operations Page 36/. *nne(/.1 .ist of Ta0les1. 7orld Area of Coconut, 199;-1996 2. 7orld Production of Coconuts in rades of Co(ra 0sed in t.e P.ili((ines Based on ,oisture Content 5. Contract $erms for $radin Co(ra in "ndia Based on ,oisture Content and A((earance 2. Co(ra Classification in Pa(ua uinea 7. Pro8imate Com(osition in Percent of Selected $y(es of /esiccated Coconut /. .ist of 1i,ures1 Potential Products from t.e Coconut Palm2. Coconut: $ree of :ife - "ts Parts and %nd 3. Climbin ,et.od of &ar+estin Products Coconut 4. Palm Climbin /e+ice in "ndia 5. Coconut /e.uskin $ool 6. Sun /ryin Co(ra 7. Sun-/ried Co(ra Cu(s 8. /irect Smoke Co(ra /ryer 9. Semi-/irect Smoke Co(ra /ryer 10. ,odified ?ukum &ot-Air Co(ra /ryer 11. Coco(uon &ot-Air Brick Co(ra /ryer 12. /ry Process of Coconut #il ,anufacturer 13. Process )lo2 of t.e &ot-#il /ryin $ec.noloy ("/) of %8tractin Coconut #il 14. 3illaer 0sin t.e $raditional Coconut >rater in $an@ania COCONUT: Post-harvest Operations Page 3715. 'otary Coconut >rater 16. 'am Press #(erated by 7omen in Aan@ibarCoconut Alco.olic Be+erae - Arrack 18. ,oulded Coconut Suar 19. Coconut Bam 20. %8traction of Coconut )ibre 21. 7omen %8tractin Coconut )ibre in Sri :anka 22. )lo2 C.art of Processin in t.e Production of Coir COCONUT: Post-harvest Operations Page 38