Post Cosecha Uvas

7/18/2019 Post Cosecha Uvas

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Postharvest research and its contribution to export inIsrael: grape production as a model

Dr Amnon Lichter

Department of Postharvest ScienceARO, he !olcani "enter


2/37

he significance of postharvest research to export and

local mar#ets

In general the cost of production after harvest is about$%& of the total cost'

herefore investment in proper postharvest practice isessential to minimi(e losses'

he presence of infrastructure for postharvest researchensures that problems and modifications can be handledand performed in a professional manner'

Local mar#ets can be negative or positive drivers of )ualit*


3/37

The Table grape model

he investment in labor to prepare vine*ards for high)ualit* grape production is estimated at +%& of annualcost'

Strong local mar#et and presence of strong local producer

derives )ualit* to high standards'

aintenance of high )ualit* in local mar#ets persuadesimporters to bu* fruit from farmers -ith good practice'

If there is one standard for local mar#ets and exportcompanies . export can be done upon demand at an* timeduring the season'


4/37

In the case of table grapes there are / ma0or export

-indo-s'1'2arl* production in a* -hen fruit from South Africaand "hile is no longer available

/'A 3mountain4 of grapes in the middle of the seasonma#es export ver* economical'

In addition . local storage extends the season b* +56month and there is minor export of fruit from localstorage

7or able grapes . export serves as a buffer for thelocal mar#et'


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The Avocado/Pepper model

2xport is a ma0or driver of )ualit*' he overall production ismuch larger than local mar#et demands'he local mar#ets serves as a buffer for the export and as asource of sale of lo- grade produce'


6/37

2xample -hat can be done for tomatoTomato model

edium export due to competition . export is reserved to3niche4 produce such as cluster tomato 8this nichedeveloped over the last 1% *ears to %'$ tons in 29mar#et'

In tomato fluctuations in production ma#e export less

profitable' "old stress causes attenuation of suppl* ; risein fruit price in the local mar#et ; decline in profitabilit* toexport tomato'


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/%

/?%

Rotem

/$%

/6%

/+%

$%

6?

6/

+=

"ontrol "P "ontrol "P

1$'1'%> //'1'%>

Rotem

+6

+%

"ontrol "P "ontrol ,"P

1$'1'%> //'1'%>

Color(h)

Firmn

ess(gr/mm)


8/37

Semi commercial experiment -ith 15"P to dela*ripening and extend the season in cherr* tomato


9/37

100

80

60

40

20

0

Orange12C

a a

a

aa

b

bb b

b

b b

Cheek Severe

Cheek Initial

Stem end

Severe Stem

end Initial

C 300 600 C 300 600 C 300600 C 300 600

1 2 3 4

Decay(%)


10/37

2xperiments in avocadoand apples -ith 15"P

to dela* ripening, reducedeca* and storagedisorders

1-MCP Control


11/37

Postharvest research: the Israeli model


12/37

Structure of the department of postharvest science

Root vegetables

r!it

"erbs

#egetables 4

3

2

1

0

Ph$to%atholog$

&ransgeni's

resh '!t

lo(ers


13/37

@In large 8and rich countries postharvest science is

scattered

@In small countries 8especiall* isolated countries it

ma#es sense to bring together all the postharvest

scientists'

@his can produce competition among them but also fast

dissemination of #no-ledge across the board'

@he #e* is to build a successful structure is to minimi(e

overlap and build s*nergistic interactions

@It is also important to #eep tight connections -ith the

industr*, the farmers and the consumers'


14/37

Lessons from the Israeli export sstem


15/37

he situation in the past@ One big compan*@ One medium compan*

@ hree small companies

he big compan* had:A net-or# of gro-ers and product managersLogistic and RD department sShips and a net-or# of branches in 2urope

Investment in ne- #no-ledge and support of research -as highResearchers had an address to address problems

Standard )ualit* -as maintained at high level

"ompetition -as lo- and -astage -as highLarge investments failed to deliverBeeping the entire net-or# -as costl*


16/37

he situation toda*

@he big compan* did not ma#e it'@he medium compan* became big@he smaller exporters #ept there share or became smaller@ore than a hundreds of small companies 0oined the race

@"ompetition became ver* high@RD -as bro#en do-n@A lot of #no-ledge -as lost@he standards became lo-

@Incidents of lo- )ualit* export reflected on all thecompanies@he association bet-een Israel as a label of )ualit*deteriorated'


17/37

Achievements in grape production and export in Israel

@Advancing ripening@Dela*ing ripening@Improving grape )ualit*@Stud* of factors affecting sensitivit* to deca*@Improving current storage methods@Development of alternative storage technologies


18/37

Application of A!A to advance ripening" the extreme case

Control 400 ) 800 %%m S-*+*


19/37

#threl facilitates red$ction in the amo$nt of A!A

31.0

7.9

28.4 30.7

62.7

73.2

61.1

74.3

58.7

,ark

Medi!

m

ight

.reen

17.8 9.918.8

10.6

Control S-*+* S-*+* /threl /S

200 400 00 20000

D

istributionoruitc

o!or(%)


20/37

Advancing prod$ction of Flame %eedless & 'ordan (alle

Control /threl 2 S-*+* 600 %%m


21/37

)elaing mat$ration of Thompson %eedless *ith the cto+inin CPP,


22/37

-$ltiplex. portable a$tofl$oresence instr$ment to

meas$re fr$it 0$alit in the vineard


23/37

20

4 1

3 10

2 0

1

1 2 3 4 6 5 8

00

SR7. SR7R /R7R# /R7R. 9+I7. 9+I7R

"#$

("$&

$'*"$

)

"#$

(+,-"$&

$.)


24/37

The effect of CPP, on chlorophll level in Thompson %eedless grapes

2

25

2

23

21

1

15

Contro

l

2%%m

1st

4%%m

1st

2%%m2nd

4%%m

2nd

1

*"$&

$


25/37


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)ela of mat$ration of Thompson %eedless grapes *ith CPP,


27/37

Rachis !ro*ningafter storage

*:ter "arvest *:ter Storage

1 2 3 4


28/37

Image analsis


29/37

Comparison of s$b1ective and ob1ective meas$rements

/0o12son

2 d 4 d 5 d 11

d 4

10

08

/0o12son

2d 4 d

306

0

4 2

02

1

#P

,

R"

&

006 005 041068

5 65 50

10 20 11 1

00

#P

,

R"

&

006 005 041 068

5 65 50

10 20 11 1

,ro3ning(,r450

)

$acis-ne6


30/37

The effect of pac+aging on rachis 0$alit in 2 table grape c$ltivars

06

0

04

03

Control a

Pa'kaging aa

bb

b

aa

02

01

00* + C ,

Cu!tia

rs

,$

450


31/37


32/37

Prolonging storage of grapes b improved control of %34 release

5 6

1/%

1%%

=%

?%

6%

/%

%

% /% 6% ?% =% 1%% 1/% 16% 1?% 1=%

7686

%34ppm

4& 759:8; %34


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Combination of sanitation and modified atmosphere

for improved storage of grapes

4@

4A

45

B@

BA

@

A

B B@ 4 4@ . .@

Contro! %tano!

2a

a

.A

4A

bBA

c

A

453

bb

c 9: 9:%tO;S%e'i;' liners (ith 'ontrol o:

e


34/37

Air&phase control of deca d$ring storage

C

ont

/


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Air&phase control of f$ngal development

0 h 1h 3 h

0 h 6 h

6 h 12 h 24h 1h

12 h

h 24 h

&0=0 &0=24 h


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The 0$estion" *ho do *e *or+ forE

he Abuba#er famil*"had

1'/+ C a -ee#

he alander famil*erman*

$%% C a -ee#


37/37

he truth is probabl* in the middle

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