What links the following four things:

 

Russia June 12th

                                  

A Baby A SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle)  

EU Baby Blues

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4837422.stm

France case study given in 2nd lesson & Russia

What is the link between these maps?

What is the link between the 4 slides?

Lesson Objectives:1) To be able to explain the one child policy and how it was enforced.2) To understand the effects of the policy and evaluate whether it was successful.

Link to syllabus:Understand attempts to manage population change to achieve sustainable development with reference to two case studies of countries at different stages of development.

China’s One Child Policy

China -Factfile

• 25% of the world’s population• 7% of world’s arable land• 8% of the world’s water supply

• LAWS: 1979 – One child policy*1980s – parents in rural areas may have 2

children if the first is a girl.*1990s – city parents may buy a permit (costing

one year’s wages) for a second child *Punishment: abortion, mothers held in

detention centres, sterilization, fines eviction from home

History of the One Child Policy

• 1950s: In the early 1950s the philosophy of the Chinese government was ‘a large population gives a strong nation’. The government wanted many children to be born.

• 1959-61: Up to 20 million people died in a famine including many children.

• 1960s: There was a population boom. The population increased by 55 million during the decade ( roughly the total population of the UK)

• 1974-79 – Policy change, now encouraged to reduce with the slogan ‘wan-xi-shao’ ( later, longer, fewer).

• Later marriages

• Longer gaps between children

• Fewer children

• 1980s: Asking families to have fewer children during the 1970s had not worked so in 1979 the One Child Policy was introduced. Strong pressure was put on women to use contraception. There were even people known as ‘granny police’ whose job it was to watch their neighbours to make sure they were taking the pill. If they suspected women were pregnant without permission they were reported to the authorities. Some women were forced to have abortions and sterilisations.

• 1990s: The policy has been deemed a failure. At a meeting in Peking in 1989 delegates were told there would be around 120mn more Chinese people than had been planned. It was relaxed slightly, as it was difficult to enforce & also government worried about an ageing population, with few young to support.

• In remote parts still encouraged – Guangdong, the state capital ordered 20,000 abortions & sterilisations by the end of 2001 in mountainous Huaiji.

• 2006 – annual growth fallen to 0.6%, but fertility still at 1.6. Moved away from coercion to health orientated policy & promoting mother & child welfare.

Government Propaganda for the One Child Policy

For those with one child:

1. Free Education for your one child.

2. An extra months salary per year until your child is 14.

3. A house normally reserved for a family of 4.

4. Pension benefits.

• For those with 2 children:

1. No free education

2. No allowances

3. No pension benefits

4. Payment of a fine to the state from earnings

5. Demotion at work, or even unemployment

• To help you:• 1. Women must be 20yrs old before they can

marry.• 2. Men must be 22yrs old before they can marry.• 3. Couples must have permission to marry.• 4. Couples must have permission to have one

child.• 5. All hospitals have family planning officers.• 6. Family planning is available at work.• 7. Redundant country people are encouraged to

move to towns.

You tube video – The Higher Costs

Missing girls – You tube video

Effects of the One Child Policy• Birth control measure seem to be working in the cities.• In the Shaanxi Province there are 145 males born for every 100

females born = kidnapping commonplace in rural areas & prostitution & sex slaves commonplace in cities.

• This leads to large numbers of unmarried men.• The baby boom of the 1950s means China has a large greying

population.• The policy means there are low numbers of younger people to

support the old. ‘Little emperor syndrome’ • Children with no brothers and sisters receive a great deal of

attention – spoilt.• In rural areas problems have risen as they need the children to help

on the farm. They go to great lengths to ensure the first child born is male. If the first child is a girl the child may be disposed or killed (female infanticide)

• Increased divorce rates – divorced used by men to ensure male heir.

What about a one child policy in your country? - it's the best thing

for the environment!