Population And

CultureGlobal

Studies

WHAT IS POPULATION?THE TOTAL

NUMBER OF

PERSONS LIVING IN

A COUNTRY, CITY,

OR ANY DISTRICT

OR AREA.

LINK HERE

The political cartoon depicts

population growth over the past

two thousand years. Which

statement best describes this

illustration?

a. Human population has

decreased gradually since 1800.

b. Human population has

increased gradually since 1800.

c. Human population has

decreased rapidly since 1800.

d. Human population has

increased rapidly since 1800.

Population distribution

• Population distribution describes the way the population is

spread out.

• Demographers study the populations of the world to

figure out why population is distributed the way it is.

• Factors that influence Population Distribution

• Natural Resources, Climate, Econ Development,

Government Policy, Capital Resources, Conflicts

Population distribution

• When people move from one place to another, this is called migration.

• Why do people move?

• Demographers use the “push-pull” theory to explain immigration.

• People migrate because certain things “push” them to leave. The reasons may be economic or political.

• The hope for better living conditions “pulls” people to a country. People might be pulled by many things, such as better economic opportunities or a more desirable climate.

Population distribution

Population Density

• Population Density: average number of people who live in a square mile.

• The world’s population, or total number of people, is spread unevenly over the Earth’s surface.

• number of people ÷ the area they occupy = population density

• Population pyramids are

used by demographers as a

tool for understanding the

make-up of a given

population, migration

pattern, growth rates, and

various other characteristics

for countries or cities.

Population Pyramids

Population Pyramids

The Oldies

economically

active

Kids

Population Pyramid Stages

High birth rate;

very high death

rate; short life

expectancy.

No country

currently here

High birth rate;

moderate death

rate; slightly

longer life

expectancy.

Developing

Declining birth

rate; low death

rate; longer life

expectancy.

Developing to

Developed

Low birth rate;

low death rate;

higher

dependency

ratio; longer life

expectancy.

Developed

LINK HERE

CULT

UREin one word, define an

aspect of culture.

Culture

• Culture - the entire way of life for a group of people (including both material and symbolic elements).

• It is a lens through which one views the world and is passed from one generation to the next.

• often seen as religion, the arts, language, traditions, etc

Culture

• Culture is shared by members of a society and produces behavior that is understood to other members of that society.

• Society - An organized group or groups of people who generally share a common territory, language, and culture and who act together for collective survival and well-being.

• Ethnic group - People who collectively and publicly identify themselves as a distinct group based on various cultural features such as shared ancestry and common origin, language customs and traditional beliefs.

• Pluralistic Society - A society in which two or more ethnic groups are politically organized into one territorial state but maintain their cultural differences. (i.e. Chinatown or Little Italy)

Culture

• Cultural Diffusion -the spreading of a cultural trait (i.e. material object, idea, or behavior pattern) from one society to another.

• When cultures join and merge (like a hybrid) it is called cultural convergence.

How is this BuzzFeed video and example of both diffusion and

convergence?

LINK HERE

In Australia, it’s NOT Burger King….it’s

Hungry Jack’s!! ☺

• Religion

• A set of practices and beliefs important to a culture

• Function:

• Create a set of morals to live by.

• Answers basic questions about the unknown.

Religion

• Religious Regions

• Hinduism (India)

• Buddhism (Southeast Asia)

• Judaism (Israel plus large communities in Europe and North

America)

• Christianity – North and South America, Europe, Russia,

Sub-Saharan Africa

• Islam – North Africa and Middle East

Religion

Judaism

• Judaism is is the oldest of the world's monotheistic religions (religions with only one God).

• It's also the smallest, with only about 14 million (7th) followers around the world.

• Its holy city is Jerusalem.

• Jews believe that there is a single God (Yahweh)

• They await the Messiah, who will be an earthly king. They believe in heaven, but that God determines where they go after life on earth.

• Ten Commandments is the basic code of law.

1500 – 63 BC

• Holy Book

• The most holy Jewish book is the Torah (the first five books of the Christian Bible).

• Jews worship in Synagogues or temples. Men and women usually sit separately.

• Worship is led by a Rabbi.

• Saturday (begins at sundown on Friday) is time for worship.

Judaism

• History

• the First Temple for Jewish worship was built around 900-1000

BCE and destroyed by Babylonians; was rebuilt 70 years later but

was badly plundered by invading Romans; was rebuilt by King

Harold and then destroyed again by the Romans

• Today, the single remaining temple wall, the Western Wall, is

a place of prayer for Jewish pilgrims.

Judaism

• History

• Jews moved away from the land again, until the modern state of Israel was formed in the late 1940s (Jewish Diaspora).

• A Diaspora occurs when a group of people leave their homeland and move to many different locations separately.

• All of the world’s Jewish communities today that do not live in present-day Israel are part of the Jewish Diaspora.

Judaism

Judaism in 1500 C.E. Judaism Today

In 1500, located in Europe and Middle East

Today, located in Israel and U.S.

Judaism

• Christianity

• is a monotheistic religion

• Christianity is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, known as Christians.

• Beliefs

• Christians believe that Jesus Christwas the Messiah.

• Ten Commandments: are considered divine law given by God.

Christianity

31 – 33

• Holy Book

• The Bible is divided into the Old and

New Testaments.

• Place of worship

• is called a Church, which are built in

the shape of a cross with the altar facing

east towards the rising sun.

• Services are led by a priest, pastor or

reverend.

• Day of worship is normally Sunday.

Christianity

Christianity 1500 C.E. Christianity Today

In 1500, located in Europe and Middle East

Today, located in Americas and Europe

Christianity

Islam• Islam

• is the third oldest monotheistic religion with 1.6 billion followers known as Muslims.

• Holy Book

• Qur’an (Koran)

• Muslims treat the Qur'an with great respect because they believe that the Qur'an is from Allah, and every word and every letter is sacred.

• Muslims regard the Qur'an as the unaltered word of God.

610 - 632

• Place of Worship

• is called a Mosque. The word comes from the Arabic.

• Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a day from

minarets – towers on the mosque corners.

• They contain only designs, no people or animals or furniture.

• Normal day of worship is Friday.

• Religious leaders are called imams.

Islam

Islam

• Beliefs

• Five Pillars

1. Declaration of faith

• "I bear witness that there is no god, but God; I bear witness that Muhammad is the prophet of God." By reciting this, one enters Islamic faith.

2. Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca

3. Give a fixed proportion to charity

4. Fast during the month of Ramadan

5. Make a pilgrimage to Mecca

Islam

• Hijja: The month of pilgrimage during which all Muslims, at least once in their life, should try to make the pilgrimage to Mecca and worship at the Kaaba.

• Denominations / Sects

• The split rose from an early dispute over who

should be the leader of Islam after the death of

Muhammad.

• Sunni-the majority

• argued that the successor should be

appointed by election and consensus, as

tradition dictated.

• Shia-the minority

• The Shia believed that Muhammad's

successors should come from his family,

starting with Ali, his son-in-law.

Islam

Islam

Islam in 1500 C.E. Islam Today

In 1500, located in Middle East, Africa, and Southern Europe

Today, located in Middle East, Africa, and Asia

LINK HERE

Hinduism

• Hinduism developed and evolved over a long time in India, giving rise to religions, including Buddhism.

• One of the oldest religions of humanity.

• It is the 3rd largest religion in the world.

• No particular founder.

2500 – 250 BC

• Main Beliefs

• Hindus believe that there is only one God called

(Brahman) BUT it is too complicated to understand so

Hindus worship many gods that are apart of Brahman.

• 3 Main gods-

• Brahma the creator of the world

• Vishnu- the one who keeps the universe going.

• Shiva- The destroyer of evil.

Hinduism

• Main Beliefs

• Reincarnation (Samsara) – being reborn into this world lifetime after lifetime; can be released from cycle and join Brahman once moksha is obtained.

• Karma – the sum effect of a person’s actions, good and bad, which helps shape future experiences

• For Hindus the most holy place to visit is the city of Varanasi and to bathe in the Ganges River.

• Hindus believe that bathing in the Ganges washes away bad karma.

Hinduism

Hinduism

• Practices

• Caste System

• social organization/hierarchy in which a person’s

occupation and position in life is determined by the

circumstances of his birth.

• Rigid, hereditary membership into birth caste

• Marriage only among member of same caste

• Occupation choices restricted

• Acceptance of fixed place in society

• Practices

• Sacred Book: Four Vedas (“truth”) – sacred hymns of praise

• Contain knowledge revealed by Brahman

• worship can take place anywhere—usually a temple (Mandir) or in the home.

• Spiritual leaders are called gurus or sages.

• Yoga-integrated physical and mental exercises.

Hinduism

• Buddhism

• 4th largest religion in the world

• Unlike Hinduism, Buddhism can be traced to one single founder, Siddhartha Gautama in Northeast India

• Prince of a small kingdom; he lived a sheltered life and sought the answer to ending suffering

• After years of meditation and searching, he sat under a Bodhi tree where he became Enlightened

• He transformed into the Buddha-the Enlightened One.

• Worship in Pagodas

2500 – 250 BC

Buddhism

Right Intention

Right Action

Right Effort

Right Mindfulness

Right Concentration

Right Livelihood

Right Speech

Right Understanding

Eightfold

Path

LINK HERE