POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS X

POPULAR STRUGGLES AND MOVEMENTS

POLITICAL SCIENCE

POPULAR STRUGGLES AND MOVEMENTS

POPULAR STRUGGLES IN NEPAL AND BOLIVIA

POPULAR STRUGGLES IN NEPAL AND BOLIVIA

MOVEMENT FOR DEMOCRACY IN NEPAL

Nepal a third wave country, had won democracy in 1990.--King was formally the head of the state but the real power was excerised Nepal witnessed an extraordinary popular movement in April 2006.The movement aimed at restoring democracy; it was aimed at regaining popular control over govt. from the king.

History: by the elected representatives.--The king Birendra, was the one who accepted this transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, he and his family was massacred in 2001.--King Gyanendra the new king of Nepal was not prepared to accept democratic rule, on February 2005 he dismissed the Prime minister and dissolved the popularly elected Parliament.

History: by the elected representatives.--The king Birendra, was the one who accepted this transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, he and his family was massacred in 2001.--King Gyanendra the new king of Nepal was not prepared to accept democratic rule, on February 2005 he dismissed the Prime minister and dissolved the popularly elected Parliament.

MASS MOBILIZATION

Events during the popular revolt: 

1.All the political parties in the parliament formed an alliance--Seven party alliances--SPA and called for four day strike in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal.2. The protests turned into indefinite strike in which Maoist and various organisations joined hands.3. People defied curfews and took to streets.4. More than lakhs of people gathered almost everyday to demand restoration of democracy, on 21 April they served an ultimatum to the king and the leaders rejected the halfhearted concessions given by the king and struck to their Demands.5. Their main demands were--a) restoration of parliament,

Events during the popular revolt: 1.All the political parties in the parliament formed an alliance--Seven party alliances--SPA and called for four day strike in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal.2. The protests turned into indefinite strike in which Maoist and various organisations joined hands.3. People defied curfews and took to streets.4. More than lakhs of people gathered almost everyday to demand restoration of democracy, on 21 April they served an ultimatum to the king and the leaders rejected the halfhearted concessions given by the king and struck to their Demands.

RESULTS:

On 24th April, the king was forced to concede to all the demands--Girija Prasad Koirala was chosen as the new PM of the interim govt.--The SPA & Maoist came to an understanding as to how new Constituent Assembly was to be elected.--Parliament passed laws taking most of the powers of the king.It was known as second movement of democracy in Nepal.

 

BOLIVIA'S WATER WAR-A

STRUGGLE AGAINST

PRIVATIZATION OF WATER 

Bolivia is a small and poor country in Latin America. The World Bank pressuried the govt. to give up its control over the municipal water supply.--The govt. sold off these rights to an MNC. The company immediately increased the prices four times.--In January 2006 a new alliance of labour, human rights and community leaders organised a successful strike for four days in the city and the govt. agreed to negotiate but nothing happened. Police resorted to brutal repression when the agitation was started again in February.--Another strike was there in April and govt. imposed martial law.--But the power people forced the officials of MNC to flee the city and made govt. to concede to all demands of the protesters.--The contract with MNC was cancelled and water supply was resorted to municipality at old rates.This was known as Bolivia’s water war.

DEMOCRACY AND POPULAR STRUGGLES OF NEPAL & BOLIVIA

The two incidents have following similaritiesin both cases political conflict led to the popular struggles.Both the cases involved mass mobilization.Both instances involved critical role of political organizations.

DIFFERENCES1.Nepal was struggling to establish democracy while in Bolivia the struggle involved claims on the elected govt.2.In Bolivia struggle was about one specific policy, while struggle in Nepal was about the foundations of the country’s politics.

PRESSURE GROUPS:

--Pressure groups are organizations that attempt to influence govt. policies--They do not directly control or share political power.--these organizations are formed with people with common occupation, interest, aspirations and opinions come together in order to achieve common objective.These pressure groups are of two types.

SECTIONAL GROUP & PROMOTIONAL/PUBLIC INTEREST GROUPS.

Sectional:—seek to promote the interest of a particular section/group of society.--Trade unions, business associations& professional lawyers doctors, teachers etc.----they are sectional because they represent a particular section of a society.—workers, employees, businessmen followers of religion caste etc.--the principal concern is the betterment & well being of its members & not of the society in general.

Public interest group:- they represent some common or general interest that needs to be defended.--they are also called promotional group as they promote collective and not selective good.--the members of the organization may not benefit from the cause that the organization represents. They aim to help groups other than their own members.--in some cases the members of a public interest group may undertake activity they benefits them as well as others too.--E.g.-:in Nepal Human rights was such organization, & in Bolivia FEDECOR, In India also we have BAMCEF

DONE BY

ALEN JOSEPHX-B25