POPs emissions inventory

POPs emissions workshop – Bern – 16th May 2012

National Inventory working group:

Chiara Arcarese (national registry), Antonella Bernetti (energy-road transport), Antonio Caputo (energy- fugitive), Rocío D. Cóndor (agriculture), Mario Contaldi (energy), Riccardo De Lauretis (energy, industrial processes), Eleonora Di Cristofaro (energy-navigation, solvent and other product use), Sandro Federici (national registry for forest carbon sinks), Andrea Gagna (industrial processes), Barbara Gonella (industrial processes, waste), Francesca Lena (energy), Riccardo Liburdi (national registry), Monica Pantaleoni (energy), Emanuele Peschi (solvent use), Daniela Romano (general coordination and editing, cross cutting issues), Ernesto Taurino (industrial processes, waste), Marina Vitullo (land use, land use change and forestry)

INEMAR: Alessandro Marongiu

Point sources

Content

Introduction to the Italian POPs inventory

HistoryNow (activity, pollutants,sources..)Next updates and critical issuesDevelopments and research

projects

Introduction to the Italian POPs inventory Emission factors manual PARCOM-ATMOS –

Emission factors for air pollutants 1992 Technical paper to the OSPARCOM – HELCOM –

UNECE emission inventory of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, 1995

Emission inventory of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants for 1990

BREFs and Guidebook EMEP/EEA, IIRs PRTR, research institutes, industry/operator

associations, local agenciesPOPs informal group

History

Assessment of old sources: OSPARCOM, PARCOM..

Comparison with more recent: GB EMEP/EEA and BREF

Research institutes and national industry/operator associations, local agencies

Look for IIRs

E-PRTRPlant/utility level

History 2001 starting estimates of POPs: PAH and dioxins 2007 inventory: PAH (26 SNAP sectors), PCDD/DF (16 SNAP sectors) 2008 inventory: PAH (26 SNAP sectors), PCDD/DF (16 SNAP sectors), HCB

(12 SNAP sectors), PCB (10 SNAP sectors) 2010 inventory: PAH 27 (+1), PCDD/DF 17 (+1), HCB 12, PCB 10 2012 inventory: PAH 28 (+1), PCDD/DF 17, HCB 8 (-5+1), PCB 10

NOW

PAH

PAHNFR code

Activity Emission factors Activity data Guidebook 2009

1A4

Small combustion: biomass

Tier2 EFs + combustion technologies=average EF in 2010 0.56g/GJ Source: EMEP/EEA 2009

27 PJ in 199089 PJ in 2010Source: BEN

=

2C1

Coke oven, sinter plant and blast furnace (5 sites)

1.3 g/Mg coke produced; 0.2 g/Mg sinter (combustion+process~ ARPA Puglia); 3.45 g/Mg pig ironSource: EMEP/CORINAIR 2007

Decreasing compared to 1990 Source: statistics yearbooks - Istat and plants communications

0.0406 g/Mg coal, 0.32 g/Mg sinter, 2.5 g/Mg pig iron

6Ce

Open burning of agricultural wastes

8.58 g/Mg as for woodSource: EMEP/Corinair 2007

2.5 Gg in 19903.5 Gg in 2010Model on ISTAT, Cestaat e IPCC data

100 g/Mg of agricultural waste Ramdahl 1983 (Vs Jenkins,1996 as for 4F)

2C1 EAF Probably, WRONG EMISSION FACTOR, NOT 16 g/Mg but 3.5-71 mg/Mg for 16 EPA

15 Tg in 199017 Tg in 2010 statistics yearbooks - Istat and Federacciai

BREF 2012: no consistent DB 9-970 mg/Mg

PCDD/DF

PCDD/DFNFR code

Activity Emission factors Activity data Guidebook 2009

2C1

EAF 4.45 µg I-Teq/Mg di acciaio. Source: ENEA/MAMB 2002

15 Tg in 199017 Tg in 2010 statistics yearbooks - Istat and Federacciai

0.8 µg I-Teq/Mg steel

1A2

Sinter production

1.807 µg I-Teq/Mg sinterSource: EPRTR – ARPA Puglia

13,5 Tg in 1990 9 Tg in 2010Source: Federacciai, since 2004 PRTR/ETS

1.8 µg I-Teq/Mg sinter (2C1)

Secondary aluminium

0.068 mg I-Teq/Mg Al.Source:ENEA/MAMB 2002

350 Gg Al in 1990600 Gg Al in 2010Source: ENIRISORSE and Assomet

35 µg I-Teq/Mg Al

1A4

Small combustion: biomass

0.478 µg I-Teq /GjSource: TNO 1997

27 PJ in 199089 PJ in 2010Source: BEN

Tier1 0.7 µg I-Teq /Gj

6Ce

Open burning of agricultural wastes

10 µg I-Teq/Mg wasteSource: EMEP/Corinair

2.5 Gg in 19903.5 Gg in 2010Model on ISTAT, Cestaat and IPCC data

10 µg I-Teq/Mg waste

PCDD/DF from sinter production

Stack sampling and analysis ARPA – CNR Reports and direct info about

technologies Frequent exchanges of information with

ARPA Annual meeting with the plant in the

framework of E-PRTR data for the annual update

HCB

HCB

NFR code

Activity Emission factors Activity data Guidebook 2009

6C

1A4

Waste incineration without/with energy recovery

500 mg/Mg sludge1 mg/Mg municipal wasteSource: EMEP/Corinair; Cohen et al., 1995

Sludge:~20 GgMunicipal: 1 Tg in 1990 and 4 Tg in 2010Source: ISPRA

2 mg/Mg wastevs new release: 4.7mg/Mg industrial and 0.0452 mg/Mg municipal

1A2

Sinter production

0.32 mg/Mg sinterSource: ARPA Puglia

13,5 Tg in 1990 9 Tg in 2010Source: Federacciai, since 2004 PRTR/ETS

0.032 mg/Mg sinterNo reference

1A3 Road transport HCB emissions from road transport have been deleted according to the EMEP/EEA Guidebook and to the information collected from the fuel producers

4G Use of pesticides

On the basis of the amount of HCB contained in pesticides (lindane: 0.01%; DCPA: 0.1%; clorotalonil: 0.005%; Picloram: 0.005%) and applying the HCB emission factor provided from the Guidebook EMEP/EEA, HCB emissions result in 23 kg for 1990 and 1 kg in 2010 for Italy

PCB

PCB

NFR code

Activity Emission factors

Activity data Guidebook 2009

2C1

BOF/EAF 3.6mg/Mg steelSource: EMEP/CORINAIR

~25,5 Tg steel 3.6 mg/Mg steel without abatement

1A1

Power plants 0.14 mg/Gj coal0.09 mg/Gj oil0.06 mg/GJ biomassSource: EMEP/Corinair

Coal Oil Biomass Source: BEN

Coal: 0.17 mg/GjOil: NE

1A4

Waste incineration with energy recovery

5 mg/Mg wasteSource: EMEP/CORINAIR

Municipal: 1 Tg in 1990 and 4 Tg in 2010Source: ISPRA

5.3 mg/Mg (6Cc)

Key categories summary

PAH1A4

biomass2C1 6Ce

PCDD/DF2C1 1A2

sinter

1A2Secondary aluminium

1A4 biomass

6Ce

HCB6C 1A4

waste1A2

PCB2C1 1A1 1A4

waste

Critical issues and next challengesPAH: n° of: 4 vs 6 vs 11 vs 16 vs all B(a)p toxicity equivalent Time series, Aluminium production, wood preservation

(BREF planned) and road paving with asphalt

PAH & dioxins: wood and uncontrolled combustion

HCB: use of pesticides, early ’90sPCB: national EFsOther POPs

Developments and research projects

Waiting for the results of the investigation about small combustion of biomass: PM and PAH

Incineration: update of EFs on the basis of different studies carried on by local agencies and national research institutes (such as Moniter project http://www.arpa.emr.it/moniter/)

Thanks for your attention

a.marongiu@arpalombardia.iternesto.taurino@isprambiente.it

Head of the emissions inventory unit

riccardo.delauretis@isprambiente.it

Websites:

http://www.sinanet.isprambiente.it/it/emissioni

http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/site/it-IT/