POPA 2014Observations by

CFI’s5 Common Problems And How To Correct Them

(or How to Make Your Life Easier)

IntroductionHoward CoxJoined Simcom in February 2000

Entered the Pilatus PC12 Program in 2001(Trained by Robert Brooks, Tom Evans, Ken Otto, and Ted Otto)

Commercial SELATP MELCFI Instrument, MEL, SELType Ratings

CE500CE525SEA500SCE650(SIC)

5 Common problems

1. Flows/S.O.P.s2. Basic Flying Skills3. Instrument Procedures4. Emergency and Abnormal Procedures and “Memory Items”5. CRM/SRM

Flows/S.O.P.’sEstablish a flow pattern based on the check lists. All the lists lead you thru a logical sequence, basically;

1. Left side Panel2. Instrument Panel, left to right3. Right side Panel4. Center Console, Top to Bottom5. Overhead Panel

Use the Checklists to confirm flow items are completeDoing the same procedure the same way every time helps insure consistency, reduces the possibility of omissions and reduces the time to complete the tasks.

Flows/S.O.P.’sDevelop standard procedures to follow for each phase of flight

Pre-start and Taxi

Cockpit organizationPut things where

they belong.Standard cockpit setup;

EFIS/PFD’sInternal/External lightingNavigation setupClearance

TakeoffTakeoff briefingFlight director setup

GAHDG

Airplane configuration (FAT/FLY)

FAT - Before entering R/W

FLY – Lineup ItemsRunway and heading crosscheck

ClimbGEAR at ???Flaps at ???LightsInitial power reductionAuto pilot usage

Flows/S.O.P.’sDevelop standard procedures to follow for each phase of flight

Arrival/Descent

Gather up all frequencies for the arrival airportDetermine the arrival (if any) in useSetup VNAV if capableDetermine type of approach to expect

ApproachApproach briefing including missed proceduresBuild the approach

Initialize GPS/FMS Load frequenciesSet course

At MDA or FAF set missed altAutopilot Disconnect at appropriate altitude

LandingRunway centerline alignmentFinal checks

GearYDAOA/DSB

Runway centerline alignmentAfter touchdown

Condition leverBeta/reverseBrakes as required

Basic Flying SkillsSetting personal standards

Runway/Taxiway alignmentTarget Airspeeds plus or minus nn ktsTarget Heading/Course plus or minus nn degreesTarget Altitudes plus or minus nnn feetGetting behind the airplane

Basic Flying SkillsFlight profiles

VFR descent and landing (Traffic Pattern)Power settingsFlap settingsFlight Director

Disengage orRelease ALT, and use the heading bug

Basic Flying SkillsPractice, Practice, Practice!

Steep TurnsStabilized Climbing/Descending turns360 degree standard rate at 500FPM (2 minutes)Partial Panel (Standby Attitude Indicator, Whiskey Compass) Speed ChangesSlow FlightShaker/Pusher (Stall recovery)Unusual Attitude Recover

Instrument proceduresInstrument Scan

Interpreting what the instruments are telling youRelationship of one instrument to another

PrimarySecondary

Avoid Fixating on one instrumentAvoid Chasing the instruments

Instrument proceduresWhat’s next?

(Staying ahead of the Airplane)

AltitudeCrossingSpeedFrequencyNavigation

source Heading/

course

Instrument proceduresPreparation

Brief the PlatesDeparture, Arrival, Approach

Cockpit OrganizationSetup Procedure

NPATerminal Area/PT outbound

Power 15,Speed 150 approx,

Base or PT inboundFlaps Approach

FAFTime,Gear Down, Lights on,PWR Reduce 8-10,Descend

MDAPWR 20-22,Speed 120 approx,

VDP Land or,Execute Missed

PA

Terminal AreaPower 15,Speed 150 approx,Base Leg or 3 Miles to FAFFlaps ApproachCleared for ApproachArm APRSet missed ALTGS AliveGear down (1/2 Dot)Lights onFAF/GS InterceptPower 8-10Speed 120 approx1000 Feet to MinimumsStableOn CourseOn SpeedOn SlopeBreakout/MinimumsFlaps*Land orExecute Missed

Maneuvering in Terminal Area/Vectors orProcedure Turn Outbound:• Power........................15 PSI (approx 150 KIAS)• Flaps..............................................................UP

Base Leg or Procedure Turn Inbound:• Flaps ................................( <

  163/165 KIAS) 15°

At FAF Inbound:• Landing Gear............................SELECT DOWN• Landing and Taxi Lights................................ON• Time..............................................IF REQUIRED• Power...................................................8-10 PSI• Begin Descent to MDA• AOA........................................................CHECK

At MDA:• Power...................20-22 PSI (approx 120 KIAS)

If Runway in Sight: • Execute Normal Landing If Runway Not in Sight at MAP:• Execute Missed Approach

1

2

3

4

All airspeeds on this profile are based on an aircraftweight of 9921 LBS/4500 KG

NOTE:

NOTE:

If the Pusher Ice Mode is active, maintain AOAawareness and observe the following MINIMUMairspeeds for the legacy/NG aircraft:• V R ........................................................(Flaps 15°) 88/95 KIAS• Climb.................................................(Flaps 0°) 130/ 140 KIAS• Landing Approach..........................(Flaps 15°) 108/ 110 KIAS• Landing Approach............................(Flaps 0°) 134/ 137 KIAS• Balked Landing (Go-Around)........(Flaps 15°) 108/ 110 KIAS• Balked Landing (Go-Around)..........(Flaps 0°) 134/ 137 KIAS

NON PRECISION APPROACH

DH:Runway in Sight:• Execute Normal Landing, Flaps as Required

• Execute Missed Approach

4

FAF:• Power.............................10 PSI at GS Intercept

)approx. 120 KIAS(• AOA........................................................CHECK

Base Leg or 3 Miles from FAF:• Flaps ( <

  163/165 KIAS)..................SELECT 15°

• Arm Approach Mode when Cleared and ° from Final Approach Course<90• Preselect Initial Missed Approach Altitude• Landing Gear

Dot Before GS)......................SELECT DOWN(1 • Landing and Taxi Lights................................ON

3

2

Maneuvering in Terminal Area/Vectors:• Power.......................15 PSI (approx. 150 KIAS)• Flaps..............................................................UP

1

All airspeeds on this profile are based on an aircraftweight of 9921 LBS/4500 KG

NOTE:

If the Pusher Ice Mode is active, maintain AOAawareness and observe the following MINIMUMairspeeds for the legacy/NG aircraft:• V R /........................................................(Flaps 15°) 8895 KIAS• Climb.................................................(Flaps 0°) 130/140 KIAS• Landing Approach..........................(Flaps 15°) 108/110 KIAS• Landing Approach............................(Flaps 0°) 134/137 KIAS• Balked Landing (Go-Around)........(Flaps 15°) 108/110 KIAS• Balked Landing (Go-Around)..........(Flaps 0°) 134/137 KIAS

NOTE:

PRECISION APPROACH

Emergency Abnormal “Memory Items”

Becoming familiar with proceduresReview immediate action itemsHow the checklists are organized and how to use themProperly diagnosing the problem (pusher vs runaway trim, AGM vs Tube Failure)Know the SystemsMake sure you use the correct checklist

Complete the checklist!Use common sense

CRM/SRM(Crew Resource Management/Single-pilot Resource

Management)CRM

Clear definitions of tasksClear terminologyChallenge responseCrew agreementUse of Checklists

SRMCockpit Pre-organizationUse of Ground CrewUse of ATCSelf BriefingUse of Checklists

CRMDevelop standard procedures and terminology to help eliminate confusion and/or misunderstandingsSet clear guidance for each crew member’s duties

Use of Checklists, challenge and responsePower settingsTakeoff cross checksSetting up procedures

CRM Example

Takeoff and ClimbPF “Runway Checks” PNF “Check”PF advances power PNF “Power Set”

PNF “Airspeed alive”PF “Check” PNF “60 knot crosscheck”PF “Check” PNF “Vr”PF Rotates PNF “Positive rate no more runway”PF “Gear up” PNF Selects gear up

“Gear up and indicated”Turns off lights

PF “YD” PNF Turns on YD“Engaged”

PNF “100 knots”PF “Flaps up” PNF Selects flaps up

“Flaps selected and indicated”PF “Climb Check” PNF runs the climb checklist silently

PNF “Climb checks complete”

Etc

SRMSRM is Basically CRM with an Empty SeatThe Single Pilot carries twice the loadGood Organization is the keyHave everything laid out in advanceConduct the briefings as if there was another crew member.Make the best use of available resources

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