Pop dynamics
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Transcript of Pop dynamics
POPULATION GROWTH AND CHANGE
• Key Terms:• Population growth• Basic Demographic Equation• Rate of Natural Increase• Doubling time• Carrying Capacity• Population Projection• Mathematical methods• Component methods• Baby boom
A.D.2000
A.D.1000
A.D.1
1000B.C.
2000B.C.
3000B.C.
4000B.C.
5000B.C.
6000B.C.
7000B.C.
1+ million years
8
7
6
5
2
1
4
3
OldStoneAge New Stone Age
BronzeAge
IronAge
MiddleAges
ModernAge
Black Death — The Plague
9
10
11
12
A.D.3000
A.D.4000
A.D.5000
18001900
1950
1975
2000
2100
Future
Billions
Source: Population Reference Bureau; and United Nations, World Population Projections to 2100 (1998).
World Population Growth Through History
Millions
Annual Increase in World Population
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2005
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.
Billions
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050
Less Developed Regions
More Developed Regions
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.
Growth in More, Less Developed Countries
Trends in Population Growth Worldwide
Population Increase and Growth Rate, Five-Year Periods
80
8783
7976 76 75
72
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
2010-2015
2015-2020
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Net population added per year Annual population growth rate
Mill
ions
Perc
ent i
ncre
ase
per y
ear
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.
Notes on Trends in Population Growth Worldwide
• This figure illustrates the lag between changes in the rate of growth and the net increase in population per year.• Over the period 1985-1995, the population growth rate declined (a reflection of declining fertility), yet millions of people were added to the world’s population (which peaked around 1985, when 87 million people were added each year). • From 2000 on, the growth rate will continue to decline. Between 2015 and 2020, we will still be adding 72 million people each year. Why? Because the generation of women now having their children is very large as the result of high fertility in their mothers’ and grandmothers’ generations.
World Population Clock
Natural Increase per World
More Developed Countries
Less Developed Countries
Less Developed Countries (less China)
Year 80,794,218 1,234,907 79,559,311 71,906,587
Day 221,354 3,383 217,971 197,004
Minute 154 2 151 137
2005
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.
Rates of birth, death, and natural increase per 1,000 population
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1950-1955
1955-1960
1960-1965
1965-1970
1970-1975
1975-1980
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
Birth rate Death rate
Natural Increase
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.
Birth and Death Rates, Worldwide
© 2006 Population Reference Bureau
• Birth rates and death rates are declining around the world. Overall economic development, public health programs, and improvements in food production and distribution, water, and sanitation have led to dramatic declines in death rates. And women now have fewer children than they did in the 1950s. • Nevertheless, if death rates are lower than birth rates, populations will still grow. • Also, it is possible for absolute numbers of births to increase even when birth rates decline.
Notes on Birth and Death Rates, Worldwide