Pool 3 O, A, Asia 1 O, A, SAT 1, 2 O, A, Asia 1 · 500 km 300 mi © Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com O,...

Appendix 35

Open Session of the EuFMD: 2012, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain 1

Local Differences in Circulation:

What Have We Learnt from Patterns

of FMD Persistence and Spread?

Nick J. Knowles

Molecular Characterisation & Diagnostics Group

Pool 7

O, A

Pool 5 O, A, SAT 1, 2

Pool 6 SAT 1, 2, 3

Pool 4 A, O, SAT 1, 2, 3

Pool 2 O, A, Asia 1

Pool 1 O, A, Asia 1

Pool 3 O, A, Asia 1

Endemic

Free with vaccination

Intermediate, sporadic

Countries with multiple zones:

FMD-free, free with vaccination or not free

Free. Virus present in game parks

Free Pool positions are approximate and colours indicate that there are three principal pools, two of which can be subdivided into overlapping areas

Virus Pools

Topotypes/lineages

present:

O/CATHAY

O/ME-SA/PanAsia

O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2

O/SEA/Mya-98

A/ASIA/Sea-97

Asia1/ASIA/Ind-76

Asia1/ASIA/Sea

East Asia – Pool 1 500 km

300 mi

© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com

O, A

O, Asia 1

O/CATHAY

O/CATHAY O, A, Asia 1

O, A

O, A, Asia 1

O, A, Asia 1

O, A

O, Asia 1 O, Asia 1

1997

O

Asia 1

O, A, Asia 1

Pool 1 – FMDV type A

1000 km

600 mi


7

A/VIT/2/2009 (HQ116378) A/VIT/8/2009 (HQ116384)

A/HuBWH/CHA/2009 (JF792355) A/VIT/4/2008 (HQ116372) A/VIT/5/2008 (HQ116373) A/TAI/18/2008 (HQ116346)

A/TAI/5/2009 (HQ116348) A/TAI/17/2008 (HQ116345)

A/TAI/10/2009 (HQ116353) A/VIT/8/2008 (HQ116376)

A/VIT/6/2008 (HQ116374) A/VIT/3/2009 (HQ116379)

A/MAY/9/2009 (HQ116306) A/VIT/1/2009 (HQ116377) A/VIT/2/2008 (HQ116370)

A/MAY/2/2009 (HQ116305) A/LAO/4/2008 (HQ116295) A/TAI/16/2008 (HQ116344) A/TAI/19/2008 (HQ116347)

A/TAI/15/2008 (HQ116343) A/TAI/6/2009 (HQ116349)

A/SKR/2/2010 (JQ070331) A/Pochun/KOR/2010* (GU441855)

A/VIT/3/2008 (HQ116371) A/VIT/5/2009 (HQ116381)

A/VIT/6/2009 (HQ116382) A/VIT/7/2008 (HQ116375)

A/TAI/13/2008 (HQ116341) A/TAI/14/2009 (HQ116354)

A/TAI/4/2008 (HQ116336) A/TAI/8/2009 (HQ116351) A/TAI/7/2009 (HQ116350)

A/VIT/1/2010 (JQ070332) A/TAI/8/2008 (HQ116337)

A/TAI/2/2006 (HQ116325) A/MAY/1/2008 (HQ116303)

A/MAY/3/2007 (HQ116302) A/TAI/11/2007 (HQ116335)

A/CAM/1/2006 (HQ116292) A/CAM/2/2008 (HQ116294)

A/LAO/7/2006 (EU667458) A/LAO/1/2006 (2003)(EU667456)

A/TAI/1/2006 (HQ116324) A/MAY/1/2007 (HQ116301)

A/TAI/3/2007 (HQ116334) A/TAI/118/87* (EF208777)

A/TAI/2/97 (EF208778)

100 99

99

85

99

92

99

0.01

ASIA / Sea-97

Pool 1 FMDV type O

1000 km

600 mi


152

6

3

2

3

135

2

2

‡ †

292

O/MOG/3/2010 (JQ070310) O/MOG/4/2010 (JQ070311) O/MOG/56/2010* (JQ070326) O/MOG/1/2010 (JQ070308) O/MOG/2/2010 (JQ070309)

O/RUS/Aug 2010‡ (JQ070330) O/MOG/CO3/2010* (JQ070325)

O/MOG/5/2010 (JQ070312) O/MOG/7/2010 (JQ070314) O/MOG/77/2010* (JQ070328) O/MOG/6/2010 (JQ070313)

O/MOG/9/2010 (JQ070315) O/MOG/66/2010* (JQ070327)

O/TAI/12/2009 (HQ116260) O/TAI/13/2009 (HQ116261) O/MAY/20/2009 (HQ116218) O/TAI/19/2009 (HQ116266) O/TAI/23/2009 (HQ116270)

O/VIT/2/2010 (JQ070322) O/LAO/1/2009 (HQ116182) O/TAI/3/2009 (HQ116258)

O/MAY/8/2009 (HQ116216) O/TAI/18/2009 (HQ116265)

O/MYA/2/2008 (HQ116226) O/TAI/4/2009 (HQ116259)

O/TAI/5/2008 (HQ116252) O/TAI/2/2008 (HQ116250)

O/TAI/6/2008 (HQ116253) O/TAI/2/2009 (HQ116257)

O/LAO/2/2008 (HQ116180) O/MAY/5/2009 (HQ116213)

O/LAO/1/2007 (HQ116175) O/MYA/3/2008 (HQ116227)

O/MYA/12/2009 (JQ070318) O/TAI/20/2009 (HQ116267)

O/VIT/5/2010 (JQ070323) O/MYA/2/2006 (HQ116225) O/MYA/3/2009 (JQ070317)

O/MYA/1/2006 (JQ070316) O/HLJOC12/03 (China) (DQ119643) O/MOG/2004 (JQ070324)

O/MYA/3/2010 (JQ070319) O/MYA/11/2009 (HQ116232)

O/MYA/5/2009 (HQ116228) O/TAI/22/2009 (HQ116269)

O/HKN/1/2010 (JQ070301) O/HKN/6/2010 (JQ070302)

O/HKN/19/2010 (JQ070305) O/NC/CHA/2010 (HQ652080)

O/MY/CHA/2010 (HQ652079) O/GZ/CHA/2010 (JN998086)

O/SKR/4/2010 (JQ070320) O/VN/YB08/2010 (HQ260718)

O/HKN/7/2010 (JQ070303) O/HKN/9/2010 (JQ070304)

O/HKN/1/2011 (JQ070306) O/HKN/2/2011 (JQ070307) O/DY/CHA/2010 (HQ652078)

O/CHA/31/2010* (JF792356) O/BY/CHA/2010 (JN998085)

O/TZ/CHA/2010 (HQ652081) O/JPN/MZ1/2010 (AB618503) O/RUS/Jul 2010† (JQ070329)

O/SKR/5/2010 (JQ070321) O/TAI/189/87*

100

96

99

72

72

98

98

86

97

81

100

99

86

99

99

70

87

0.01

SEA / Mya-98 Topotypes/lineages

present:

O (ME-SA/PanAsia)

O (ME-SA/PanAsia-2)

O (ME-SA/Ind-2001d)

A (ASIA/unnamed)

Asia 1 (ASIA/unnamed)

Southern Asia – Pool 2

1000 km

600 mi


O, A, Asia 1

O O

O

O

Appendix 35


Pool 2

O/BAN/25/2009 (HQ630686)

O/BAN/27/2009 (HQ630688)

O/BAN/26/2009 (HQ630687)

O/BHU/2/2009

O/NEP/5/2010

O/BHU/3/2009

O/BHU/16/2009

O/NEP/3/2010

O/BHU/19/2009

O/NEP/1/2010

O/BHU/8/2009

O/BHU/9/2009

O/BHU/10/2009

O/BAN/11/2009 (HQ630682)

O/BHU/6/2009

O/BHU/18/2009

O/NEP/17/2010

O/BAN/23/2009 (HQ630684)

O/APR190901/IND/2009 (JX070611)

O/APR190902/IND/2009 (JX070612)

O/BHU/5/2009

O/NEP/15/2010

O/NEP/16/2010

O/BHU/4/2009

O/NEP/6/2010

O/BHU/7/2009

O/KAM0110/IND/2010 (JX070616)

O/KAM0210/IND/2010 (JX070617)

O/IRN/72/2009

O/BAN/2/2009 (HQ630677)

O/BAN/9/2009 (HQ630681)

O/BHU/41/2009

O/BHU/37/2009

O/BHU/40/2009

O/NEP/11/2010

O/BHU/25/2009

O/BHU/26/2009

O/BHU/20/2009

O/BHU/23/2009

O/ORKo0810/IND/2010 (JX070621)

O/NEP/9/2010

O/UPMe1009/IND/2009 (JX070610)

O/KEKm2709/IND/2009 (JX070614)

O/KAM0410/IND/2010 (JX070618)

O/KEKm0610/IND/2010 (JX070619)

O/NEP/12/2010

O/BAN/28/2009 (HQ630689)

O/BAN/29/2009 (HQ630690)

O/BAN/30/2009 (HQ630691)

O/BAN/31/2009 (HQ630692)

O/NEP/7/2010

O/BAN/1/2009 (HQ630676)

O/KEPt0710/IND/2010 (JX070620)

O/CHRn0509/IND/2009 (JX070609)

O/PUJ0112/IND/2012 (JX070624)

O/NEP/5/2008 (HQ630693)

O/NEP/7/2008

O/NEP/2/2009 (HQ630694)

O/NEP/3/2009

O/TNNa1211/IND/2011 (JX070623)

O/GUK2609/IND/2009 (JX070613)

O/GUK2909/IND/2009 (JX070615)

d

c O/UAE/4/2008

a O/KUW/3/97 (DQ164904)

b O/OMN/7/2001 (DQ164941)

Ind-2001

Iran-2001 O/IRN/61/2001 (DQ164896)

PanAsia-2

O/IND/77/00* (PD-FMD)

O/APMb2205/IND/2005 (JX070604)

O/APG10205/IND/2005 (JX070606)

O/MAP0711/IND/2011 (JX070622)

O/POP14402/IND/2002 (JX070594)

O/RAB0503/IND/2003 (JX070595)

O/WBN13102/IND/2002 (JX070591)

O/ORC2103/IND/2003 (JX070597)

O/TUR/2/2001 (DQ164985)

O/TUR/586/06/01* (DQ296517)

O/IRN/67/2001 (DQ164897)

O/Tibet/CHA/2/99

O/UKG/35/2001 (AJ539141)

O/YEM/6/98

O/SAU/36/98

O/SAU/38/98 (AJ318852)

PanAsia

Pak-98 O/PAK/16/2003 (DQ165068)

O/IND/53/79 (AF292107)

ME-SA

O/IND/R2/75* (AF204276)

O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AY593823)ME-SA

SEA

EA-3

EA-1

WA

EA-4

EA-2

CATHAY

ISA-1

ISA-2

EURO-SA

99

99

99

99

99

99

73

78

91

99

99

94

92

95

97

71

85

87

99

72

70

90

99

76

91

85

99

99

9899

70

80

98

99

73

83

84

74

94

88

78

70

0.02

India 2009-2012

Bangladesh 2009

Bhutan 2009

Nepal 2008, 2010

Iran 2009 (x1)

Ind

-2001d

Pan

Asia

India 2011

TN 2007

SRL 2011 PanAsia-2

Serotype: O

Topotype: ME-SA

SRL 1999-2010 unnamed lineage possibly

from Southeast Asia

? Southeast Asia

Bhutan

Bangladesh India

Sri Lanka

Iran

Pool 2

A/IND/128/08* (FJ617246)

A/IND/128/2008* (HQ127712)

A/IND/123/2008* (HQ127710)

A/IND/124/08* (FJ617244)

A/IND/124/2008* (HQ127711)

A/IND/437/2008* (HQ127714)

A/IND/437/2008* (HQ832591)

A/IND/438/2008* (HQ127715)

A/IND/407/2007* (HQ127706)

A/IND/226/2010* (HQ666873)

A/IND/413/2007* (HQ127707)

A/IND/417/2007* (HQ127708)

A/IND/245/2007* (HQ127704)

A/IND/360/07* (FJ617243)

A/IND/360/2007* (HQ127705)

A/IND/245/2007* (HQ832590)

A/IND/11/2009* (2008) (HQ127717)

A/IND/13/2009* (2008) (HQ127718)

A/IND/9/2009* (2008) (HQ127716)

A/IND/17/2009* (2008) (HQ127719)

A/IND/17/2009* (HQ832592)

A/IND/447/2005* (HQ127685)

A/IND/447/2005* (HQ832583)

A/IND/152/06* (FJ617247)

A/IND/152/2006* (HQ127700)

A/IND/97/2006* (HQ127694)

A/IND/163/08* (FJ617242)

A/IND/163/2008* (HQ127713)

A/IND/16/2005* (HQ127681)

A/IND/PD/286/2010* (HQ127732)

A/IND/136/2010* (HQ666878)

A/IND/PD/283/2010* (HQ127731)

A/IND/PD/135/2010* (HQ127730)

A/IND/63/2010* (HQ666887)

A/IND/PD/132/2010* (HQ127729)

A/IND/61/2010* (HQ666881)

A/IND/1/2010* (HQ127726)

A/IND/1/2010* (HQ666886)

A/IND/898/2009* (HQ127725)

A/IND/749/2009* (HQ127724)

A/IND/PD/98/2010* (HQ127728)

A/IND/46/2010* (HQ666879)

A/IND/PD/94/2010* (HQ127727)

A/IND/45/2010* (HQ666880)

A/IND/53/08* (FJ617241)

A/IND/53/2008* (HQ127709)

A/IND/88/2006* (HQ832588)

A/IND/109/2006* (2005) (HQ127699)

A/IND/109/2006* (HQ832589)

A/APS/58/05* (IND)(EU109790)

A/APS/66/05* (IND)(EU109788)

A/APS/59/05* (IND)(EU109789)

A/APS/44/05* (EF120402)

A/APS/68/05* (EF120403)

A/IND/174/2005* (HQ127684)

A/IND/99/2006* (HQ127695)

A/IND/100/2006* (HQ127696)

A/IND/101/2006* (HQ127697)

A/APR/51/05* (EF120400)

A/APS/50/05/1* (IND)(EU109791)

A/APS/45/05* (IND)(EU109792)

A/IND/59/2006* (HQ127693)

A/IND/26/2006* (HQ127688)

A/IND/27/2006* (HQ127689)

A/IND/26/2006* (HQ832585)

A/IND/28/2006* (HQ127690)

A/IND/106/2006* (HQ127698)

A/IND/43/2006* (HQ127691)

A/IND/43/2006* (HQ832586)

A/IND/152/2005* (HQ127683)

A/IND/23/2006* (2005) (HQ127687)

A/IND/22/2006* (2005) (HQ127686)

A/IND/22/2006* (HQ832584)

A/IND/100/2005* (HQ127682)

A/IND/50/2006* (2005) (HQ127692)

A/IND/50/2006* (HQ832587)

A/IND/195/2007* (HQ127702)

A/IND/196/2007* (HQ127703)

A/IND/49/2007* (HQ127701)

A/IND/197/2010* (HQ666875)

A/IND/202/2010* (HQ666874)

A/IND/192/2010* (HQ666877)

A/IND/196/2010* (HQ666876)

A/IND/332/2009* (HQ127720)

A/IND/332/2009* (HQ666884)

A/IND/333/2009* (HQ666885)

A/IND/333/2009* (HQ127721)

A/IND/744/2009* (HQ127722)

A/IND/744/2009* (HQ666883)

A/IND/747/2009* (HQ127723)

A/IND/747/2009* (HQ666882)

India 2005-2010

Iran-96

A22 A22/IRQ/64 (AY593763)

Iran-99 A/IRN/22/99 (EF208772)

Sea-97

Thai-87

Iran-87

Iran-05

A15/Bangkok/TAI/60 (AY593755)

ASIA

A23/Kitale/KEN/64 (AY593766)

A11/GER/29 (AGB)(EU553852)

EURO-SA

AFRICA

99

99

99

97

98

99

99

90

99

99

99

99

72

71

99

99

89

97

99

86

99

99

85

80

99

94

98

99

99

99

99

96

94

99

82

99

76

75

89

86

89

99

99

95

98

87

97

70

99

89

93

97

99

86

98

0.02

Serotype: A

Topotype: ASIA

Bhutan

Bangladesh India

Sri Lanka

Iran

2010 Myanmar

Type A has never been

recorded in Sri Lanka

2000

1978

2003 1997

India 2005-2010

Pool 2

Asia1/IND/396/01* (PD-FMD)







Asia1/IND/139/02* (DQ101242)



Asia1/IND/175/2004* (DQ101237)



Asia1/IND/60/02* (DQ101243)


Asia1/IND/180/02* (2001) (PD-FMD)


Asia1/IND/198/02* (DQ101244)


Asia1/IND/388/2004* (DQ101235)






Asia1/IND/114/2004* (2003)(DQ101239)

Asia1/IND/147/2004* (2003)(PD-FMD)


Asia1/IND/153/2004* (2003)(PD-FMD)

Asia1/IND/150/2004* (2003)(PD-FMD)

Asia1/IND/165/2004* (DQ101238)

Asia1/IND/158/2004* (2003)(PD-FMD)

Asia1/IND/156/2004* (2003)(PD-FMD)


Asia1/IND/268/2004* (DQ101236)




Asia1/IND/673/2003* (DQ101241)

Asia1/IND/762/2003* (DQ101240)


Group III

Asia1/IND 95/08* (HQ224558)

Asia1/IND 137/08* (HQ224561)

Asia1/IND 96/08* (HQ224559)

Asia1/IND 93/08* (HQ224557)

Asia1/IND 97/08* (HQ224560)

Asia1/IND 121/07* (HQ224554)

Asia1/IND 227/07* (HQ224555)

Asia1/IND 32/08* (HQ224556)

Asia1/IND 12/07* (HQ224553)

Asia1/IND/155/2010* (JN247565)

Asia1/IND/509/2010* (JN247566)

Asia1/BAR/8/2009

Asia1/IND/18/2011* (JN247567)


Asia1/IND/321/01* (AY687333)

Asia1/IND/14/95* (AF390678)

Asia1/IRN/10/2004 (DQ121119)












Asia1/Shamir/ISR/89

Asia1/IND/8/79 (EU553910)

Asia1/IND/4/2004* (2003)(PD-FMD)

Asia1/WBN/117/85 (EU553911)

Asia1/HKN/19/74

Group I Asia1/AFG/1/2001 (DQ121109)

Asia1/PAK/8/2008

Asia1/PAK/26/2009

Asia1/IRN/1/2012

Asia1/TUR/1/2012

Asia1/TUR/49/2011

Asia1/AFG/39/2011

Asia1/PAK/1/2012

Asia1/PAK/106/2010

Asia1/BAR/1/2011

Asia1/IRN/33/2011

Asia1/PAK/6/2011

Sindh-08

Asia1/IND/2/71 (1964)

Asia1/IND/63/72* (AY304994)

Asia1/YNBS/CHA/58 (AY390432)

Asia1/PAK/1/54 (AY593795)

Asia1/IND/16/76

Asia1/IND/18/80 (DQ121116)

Asia1/IND/15/81 (DQ121117)

Group V

98

99

100

100

100

98

100

99

100

100

76

100

73

100

71

99

74

82

80

99

100

96

100

99

73

100

82

93

0.02

Serotype: Asia 1

Topotype: ASIA

Bhutan

Bangladesh India

Sri Lanka

Iran

Type Asia 1 has never been

recorded in Sri Lanka

1996

2002 1997

Topotypes/lineages

present:

O (ME-SA/PanAsia)

O (ME-SA/PanAsia-2)

O (ME-SA/Ind-2001)

A (ASIA/Iran-05)

Asia 1 (ASIA/Sindh-08)

Middle East – Pool 3

1000 km

600 mi


O, A Asia 1

O, A, Asia 1

O, A

A O, A

Asia 1 O, A,

Asia 1

O, A

O, A, Asia 1

O

O, A

O, A, Asia 1

O, A, Asia 1

Pool 3 – O, A & Asia 1

Iran

Lebanon Syria

Saudi Arabia

Yemen

Bahrain

Kazakhstan

Turkey

Iraq Israel Jordan

Kuwait

UAE

Qatar

Kyrgyzstan

Tajikistan

Georgia

Azerbaijan Armenia

A-Iran-05

O-PanAsia-2

Asia1-Sindh-08

O/PanAsia

O-PanAsia-2

A-Iran-05HER-10

Asia 1

1973-1974

1983-1984

1999-2000

2011-2012

Sub-lineages of O PanAsia-2

TER-08 (O/Erzincan/257/2008) YAZ-09 (O/IRN/7/2009)

FAR-09 (O/Agri/71/2010)

SAN-09 (O/Sanliurfa/264/2009) BAL-09 (O/IRN/18/2010)

ANT-10 (O/Gaziantep/153/2010)

PUN-10 (O/PAK/16/2010)

FAR-09

BAL-09 PUN-10

O/IRN/8/2005

SAN-09

ANT-10

YAZ-09

PanAsia-2

PanAsia O/UKG/35/2001 (AJ539141) O/SRL/1/2009

O/BAN/3/2009 O/BAN/4/2009 O/BAN/5/2009

O/BAN/24/2009 O/NEP/10/2009 O/BAN/20/2009 O/NEP/6/2009

O/NEP/15/2009 O/NEP/14/2009 O/NEP/11/2009 O/NEP/13/2009

Iran-2001 O/IRN/61/2001 (DQ164896)

Ind-2001

Pak-98 O/PAK/16/2003 (DQ165068) O/IND/53/79 (AF292107)

O/IND/R2/75* (AF204276) O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AY593823)

ME-SA

EURO-SA

100

99

73

100

87

100

100

87

98

92

87

100

0.02

PanAsia-2

Appendix 35


Tehran

Qom

Markazi

Qazvin

Zanjan

East

Azerbaijan

Kordestan

Hamedan

Kermanshah

Lorestan

Khuzestan

Chaharmahal

and Bakhtiari

Kohgiluyeh and

Boyer-Ahmad

Fars

Hormozgan

Sistan and

Baluchistan

Kerman

Yazd

Esfahan

Semnan

Mazandaran

North

Khorasan

Razavi

Khorasan

South

Khorasan

200 km

100 mi


79

81 83

80

88

87

86

89

85

84

52 51

65 66

68

72

75 76

56

57

49

54

61

60 62 64 70

71

31

34 35 38

40

41

42

43

PanAsia-2YAZ-09

PanAsia-2FAR-09

PanAsia-2ANT-10

PanAsia-2BAL-09

PanAsia-2SAN-09

Ind-2001

14

7

Afghanistan

Pakistan

Turkey

Saudi Arabia

Numbers represent WRLFMD Ref. Nos. (e.g. 88 = O/IRN/88/2009)

N.J. Knowles, 25 May 2010

(updated 09 August 2010)

FMDV O PanAsia-2 sub-lineages - 2009

Tehran

Qom

Markazi

Qazvin

Zanjan

East

Azerbaijan

Kordestan

Hamedan

Kermanshah

Lorestan

Khuzestan

Chaharmahal

and Bakhtiari

Kohgiluyeh and

Boyer-Ahmad

Fars

Hormozgan

Sistan and

Baluchistan

Kerman

Yazd

Esfahan

Semnan

Mazandaran

North

Khorasan

Razavi

Khorasan

South

Khorasan

200 km

100 mi


FMDV O PanAsia-2 sub-lineages - 2010

59

62

61 64 60

65

66

67

68

69

71

78 79

81

85

172 173

Location unknown

160 161 162 170

75

76

82

83

86

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100 101

102

104 105

106

109

113

114 115

120

124

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

146

147

148 149

150 154 155

156

157

158

>15% animals affected (2010)

Mortalities observed (2010)

PanAsia-2YAZ-09

PanAsia-2FAR-09

PanAsia-2ANT-10

PanAsia-2BAL-09

PanAsia-2SAN-09

PanAsia-2PUN-10

17

23 24

27 29 30

31 52 55

28 34 40

3 4

8 10

35 44 51

54

18 19 20

1

33 41

2 11 12

37 38

39 43

Afghanistan

Pakistan

22 13 14

15

United Arab Emirates

26

5

47

48 49 50

Turkey

0

In Africa there are currently three FMD virus pools loosely defined as covering East Africa (Pool 4), West Africa (Pool 5) and Southern Africa (Pool 6). There is some overlap between Pools 4 and 5. It has been suggested to extend pool 4 southwards to include Tanzania and to contract Pool 6 to exclude that country. Thus Pool 6 contains only the SAT serotypes.

• In the countries of the Maghreb (except for Mauritania) FMD is

normally absent, however, periodic incursions occur either from the Middle East (Pool 3), West Africa (Pool 5) or more recently from Pool 4.

• There is little or no information on FMD in Chad, the Central African Republic, Equitorial Guinea and Gabon.

Virus Pools – Africa Pool 4 – East Africa (O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3)

Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda,

Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda (with periodic spill-over into Egypt, Libya, northern Malawi, northern Zambia and the Yemen Arab Republic).

Topotypes/lineages present:

O (EA-1, EA-2, EA-3, EA-4)

A (AFRICA/G-I, G-IV, G-VII)

SAT 1 (I, IV, VI, VII, VIII, IX)

SAT 2 (IV, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII, XIII, XIV)

SAT 3 (V)

SAT 1 topotype I is thought to have spread from southern Africa into Tanzania and

Kenya (the only countries in East Africa where this topotype has been recorded) during the early 1970’s.

East Africa – Pool 4

1000 km

600 mi


O, A, SAT 1,

SAT 2

O, A

SAT 2

O, A, SAT 1,

SAT 2

DRC

Tanzania

Kenya

O, A,

SAT 1,

SAT 2

O, A, SAT 2

O, A, SAT 2

O

O, A O

O, SAT 2 SAT 2

Chad

Central

Afr. Rep.

Sudan

South

Sudan

Uganda

Eritrea

Ethiopia

O, A, SAT 1,

SAT 2

Congo Gabon

Equatorial

Guinea

East Africa – Pool 4

EA-3 EA-3

EA-3

EA-2

EA-2

EA-2

EA-4

EA-2

EA-4

EA-3

Type O Type A

Type SAT 1 Type SAT 2

EA-1 EA-4

G-IV

G-VII

G-IV

G-VII

G-I

G-I

G-I G-I

G-I EA-2

I

I IV

VI

IX XIII

VII VII XIII

IV IX

IV

VIII IV

VII

X IV

Uganda

Type SAT 3

V

Pool 5 – West Africa (O, A, SAT 2)

Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo (with periodic spill-over into Sudan).

Although FMDV type SAT 1 has occurred in West Africa, the serotype has not been isolated from the region for 30 years [what about serology?].


O (WA)

A (AFRICA/G-VI)

SAT 1 (V, VI)

SAT 2 (V, VI, VII)

West Africa – Pool 5

1000 km

600 mi


A O, A

O, SAT 2

O, A, SAT 2

O, SAT 2

O, A

O, A, SAT 2

Chad

Central

Afr. Rep.

A/G-IV: various

Congo Gabon

Equatorial

Guinea

Appendix 35


West Africa – Pool 5

Type O Type A

Type SAT 2

EA-3 WA WA

WA

WA

WA

WA

WA

WA G-IV

WA

WA

G-VI

G-IV

G-VI

G-VI

G-VI

G-VI

G-VI

G-IV G-IV

G-VI

VII

VII

VII

VII

Pool 6 – Southern Africa

(SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3)

Angola, Botswana, Lesotho,

Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia,

South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

Topotypes/Lineages present:

SAT 1 (I, II, III)

SAT 2 (I, II, III, XI)

SAT 3 (I, II, III, IV)

Southern Africa – Pool 6

1000 km

600 mi


Pool 6

Lesotho

Swaziland

Mozambique

Malawi Zambia

Zimbabwe

Botswana

South Africa

Namibia

Angola

FMD hotspots

Pool 6

Lesotho

Swaziland

Mozambique

Malawi Zambia

Zimbabwe

Botswana

South Africa

Namibia

Angola

FMD hotspots

Pool 6

I

II

III II

I

I

II

III

II

III

I

III IV

I

II

III

I III

II I I

I III

IV

III II

III II III

IV

I


O/EURO-SA

A/EURO-SA

C/EURO-SA (not since 2004)

South America – Pool 7

1000 km


600 mi

O, A

O, A

O, A, C

O, A O, A

O, A

O, A

O, A

O, A

Appendix 35


• What are the precise mechanisms which result in the generation and

expansion of new FMDV variants in Western Asia?

• Are West African buffalo persistently infected with FMDV and if so

with which serotypes?

• Does SAT 1 occur in West Africa (not recorded in that region since

1981)?

• Which FMD viruses occur in Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and

the Central African Republic?

• What role do African buffalo play in the maintenance of FMD in East

African cattle?

Questions (1)

• Is FMDV SAT 3 widespread in buffalo herds outside of Southern

Africa as serology suggests?

• Why do we see relatively few African-Asian virus transfers?

• No Asia 1 in Africa and few SAT outbreaks in Asia – why?

• Regular transfer of type O viruses from the Horn of Africa to Yemen,

but not other serotypes – why?

• Are there any reservoirs of FMDV type C (which has not caused an

outbreak since 2004)?

Questions (2)

Acknowledgements

The Pirbright campus is being redeveloped

Jemma Wadsworth

Begoña Valdazo-González

Antonello Di Nardo

Valerie Mioulet

Claudia Doel

Miki Madi

Don King

Jef Hammond

David Paton

Nigel Ferris (retired)

Geoff Hutchings (retired)

Keith Sumption

Botswana Vaccine Institute

Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute

Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute

…and many others…

World

Organisation

for Animal

Health

SE 2939

http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/commissions/eufmd/commissions/eufmd-home/en/

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