PondsBy: Patrick Sopko

The Squirrels

• Wetlands- Wetlands are habitats that fall somewhere on the environmental spectrum between land and water. Since wetlands lie at the interface of terrestrial and aquatic habitats, they possess a unique mixture of species, conditions, and interactions. As a result, wetlands are among our planet's most diverse and varied habitats.

• Open Water Habitat- Open water with nothing in it protruding from the surface.

The Difference Between Wetlands and Open Water Habitats.

• Precipitation: Precipitation (meteorology), rain, sleet, hail, snow and other forms of water falling from the sky

• Transpiration: is a process similar to evaporation. It is a part of the water cycle, and it is the loss of water vapor from parts of plants (similar to sweating), especially in leaves but also in stems, flowers and roots.

• Evaporation: Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs only on the surface of a liquid. The other type of vaporization is boiling, which, instead, occurs on the entire mass of the liquid

• Condensation: Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from gaseous phase into liquid phase, and is the reverse of evaporation.[1] When the transition happens from the gaseous phase into the solid phase directly, the change is called deposition.

• Run Off: is the water flow that occurs when soil is infiltrated to full capacity and excess water from rain, meltwater, or other sources flows over the land

• Infiltration: is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.

Water Cycle

• Breeding season begins in late winter and lasts to early spring in the water. • The female scatters her eggs around laying only a few at a time. They do lay between 200 and 400 single eggs during a

breeding season. • The jelly covered eggs are laid on submerged vegetation. The female newt leaves her eggs to survive on their own. • It takes any where from 3-8 weeks for the eggs to hatch• they are 1/2 inch long • this stage last for 3 to 4 months• the newt has gills, and a 2 chamber heart they are green-brown in color• lungs are developed• their heart transforms to have 3 chambers• they leave the water • they are red-orange in color• they are 3 to 4 inch long • after 2 to 3 years the eft develops a powerful flatten tail and returns to the water • Life span of 12 to 15 years

Life Cycle of the red spotted newt

• First of all, we need to note the extreme diversity and mosaic nature of anthropogenic impact on the hydrosphere. It includes such multifactorial phenomena as changes in temperature regime and radioactive background, discharges of toxic effluents and inflow of nutrients, irretrievable water consumption and damage of water organisms during seismic surveys, landing of commercial species and their cultivation, destruction of the shoreline and construction of drilling rigs.

Negative human impacts on a water ecosystem

• An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in an aquatic system. Algal blooms may occur in freshwater as well as marine environments. Typically, only one or a small number of phytoplankton species are involved, and some blooms may be recognized by discoloration of the water resulting from the high density of pigmented cells. Although there is no officially recognized threshold level, algae can be considered to be blooming at concentrations of hundreds to thousands of cells per milliliter, depending on the severity. Algal bloom concentrations may reach millions of cells per milliliter. Algal blooms are often green, but they can also be other colors such as yellow-brown or red, depending on the species of algae.

Algae Bloom Cause and Effect

• indicators are species used to monitor the health of an environment or ecosystem. They are any biological species or group of species whose function, population, or status can be used to determine ecosystem or environmental integrity. An example of such a group are the copepods and other small water crustaceans present in many water bodies. Such organisms are monitored for changes (biochemical, physiological, or behavioural) that may indicate a problem within their ecosystem. Bioindicators can tell us about the cumulative effects of different pollutants in the ecosystem and about how long a problem may have been present, which physical and chemical testing cannot.[1]

Water Quality animal indicator

• Cattail Fanwort Pickerelweed Algae

• Duckweed Elodea Bladderwort Watershield

Aquatic Plants

• Snapping Turtle Crayfish Red-Spotted Newt Backswimmer

• Dragonfly (nymph) Damselfly (nymph) Stonefly (Nymph)

• Caddisfly (Larva) Water Boatman Whirligig Beetle

Pond Animals

• You welcome. Foos.

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