Polyatomic Ions & Chemical Nomenclature

Meyer 2013

• Cations (+) need tobe colored Blue

• Anions (-) need to be colored red

• All shapes need to be cut out and placed in a envelope

Poly atomic Ion Quiz+1ammonium, NH4

+

-1

acetate, C2H3O2-, or CH3COO -

bromate, BrO3-

chlorate, ClO3-

chlorite, ClO2-

cyanide, CN-

hydrogen carbonate, HCO3- (also called bicarbonate)

hydroxide, OH-

hypochlorite, ClO-

iodate, IO3-

nitrate, NO3-

nitrite, NO2-

permanganate, MnO4-

perchlorate, ClO4-

thiocyanate, SCN -

-2carbonate, CO3

-2

chromate, CrO4 -2

dichromate, Cr2O7 -2

oxalate, C2O4 -2

peroxide, O2 -2

sulfate, SO4 -2

sulfite, SO3 -2

-3phosphate, PO4

-3

phosphite, PO3 -3

arsenate, AsO4 -3

• Quiz 1 Wednesday

• Quiz 2 Thursday

• Quiz 3 Friday

Found in Lab manualon Angle last pages

Chemical Nomenclature

- Nomenclature is how chemical compounds are named

- You will be expected to convert betweenFormula ↔ NameNaCl ↔ Sodium Chloride

Outline of Chemical Nomeclature

• Ionic Nomenclature• Fixed charge Cations• Variable charge Cations

– Polyatomic Ions• Covalent Nomenclature

– Covalent prefixes• Acids

• Binary Acids• Oxy- acids

Fixed Charge Vs Variable Charge

Group 1 (alkali metals) are always (+1)Group 2(alkaline earth metals) are always (+2)Al = +3 / Zn = +2 / Ag = +1

All other cations are variable charge

Fixed charge Cations

All charges must cancel out (overall charge should = zero)

1. Cation is first2. Anion is second3. Anion ends with suffix “ide”

Practice

Name FormulaPotassium Chloride

MgCl2

Lithium sulfideAl2O3

Practice

Name FormulaPotassium Chloride KClMagnesium Chloride MgCl2

Lithium sulfide Li2SAluminum Oxide Al2O3

Roman Numerals

1 72 83 94 105 116 12

Roman Numerals

1 I 7 VII2 II 8 VIII3 III 9 IX4 IV 10 X

5 V 11 XI6 VI 12 XII

Variable Charge Cations

All charges must cancel out (overall charge should = zero)

1. Cation is first2. Anion is second3. Anion ends with suffix “ide”4. A roman numeral is placed between the

cation and anion to indicate the cation’s charge

Practice

Name FormulaNickel (II) Bromide

CuCl2

SrOUranium (IV) oxide

AuCl3

Practice

Name FormulaNickel (II) Bromide NiBr2

Copper (II) Chloride CuCl2

Strontium Oxide SrOUranium (IV) Oxide UO2

Gold (III) Chloride AuCl3

Polyatomic ions

All charges must cancel out (overall charge should = zero)

1. Cation is first2. Anion is second (this is usually your poly atomic)3. Polyatomic ions do not get a suffix4. Variable cations get roman numeral, fixed do not5. Multiple polyatomic ions are placed in

parentheses “( )”

Practice

Name FormulaCopper (II) Sulfate

Ni(NO3)3

Calcium ChlorideUranium (III) oxide

ZnCO3

TiPO3

Practice

Name FormulaCopper (II) Sulfate CuSO4

Nickel (III) Nitrate Ni(NO3)3

Calcium Chloride CaCl2

Uranium (III) oxide U2O3

Zinc Carbonate ZnCO3

Titanium (III) Phosphite TiPO3

Covalent Prefixes

1 = Mon 6 = Hex2 = Di 7 = Hept3 = Tri 8 = Oct4 = Tetra 9 = Non5 = Pent 10 = Dec

Quiz over prefixes Tomorrow

Covalent Nomenclature

Charges are not important

1. Ugliest anion goes first (most metal like)2. Second anion gets prefix and ends with

suffix “ide”3. First anion only gets prefix if more than one is present

Practice

Name FormulaCarbon tetrafluoride

SO2

Carbon dioxideCaF2

Iron (III) sulfateP2O5

Practice

Name FormulaCarbon tetrafluoride CF4

Sulfur dioxide SO2

Carbon dioxide CO2

Calcium fluoride CaF2

Iron (III) sulfate Fe2(SO4)3

Diphosphorus pentoxide P2O5

Acids

• All acids start with the element Hydrogen (H)

- Binary acids have 2 elements

follow = Hydro _____ ic acid only four binary acids HF / HCl / HBr / HI

Oxy-Acids• All oxy-acids contain oxygen (polyatomic Ion)

- ate = ic H2SO4 = Sulfuric acid

HNO3 = Nitric acid

(ate something icky)

- ite = ous HNO2 = Nitrous acid

(bite something poisonous)

Practice

Name FormulaPhosphoric acidLead (II) nitrite

HC2H3O2

Carbonic acidCS2

HBr

Practice

Name FormulaPhosphoric acid H3PO4 (-ic to -ate)Lead (II) nitrite Pb(NO2)2

Acetic acid HC2H3O2

Carbonic acid H2CO3

Carbon disulfide CS2

Hydrobromic acid (hydro means no O)

HBr