Polyatomic Ions

Part 1

Adam Janus

Stanley Janus and his fiancé Theresa

A Nurse’s Hunch

Helen JensenHelen Jensen

A nurse's hunch

Helen JensenHelen Jensen

Mary Kellerman

A

a

Two off duty Chicago firefighters Philip Cappitelli and Richard

Keyworth, make the connection

Richard Keyworth of Elk Grove Village, remembering with a 25-year-old Newsweek magazine, helped link the deaths of

those who died in 1982 from cyanide-laced Tylenol.

Public Response

Tylenol is pulled off shelves

Tylenol is pulled off shelves• 160 poisoned Tylenol

capsules were found.• "This could have gone on

for years without someone knowing about it.“ "Who knows how many could have died“, had the connection to Tylenol not been made so swiftly.

• Unfortunately the connection was still not swift enough.

Mary Reiner

Mary McFarland

Paula Prince

Changes Made

The case remains unsolvedThe case remains unsolved

Cyanide• Cyanide is a polyatomic ion. A group of

atoms with a charge.

CNˉ• Note that the charge on this ion is not

considered an oxidation number since it is not a charge on single atom.

Polyatomic IonsH2PO4

- Dihydrogen Phosphate C2H3O2

- Acetate HSO3

- Hydrogen Sulfite (Bisulfite) HSO4

- Hydrogen Sulfate (Bisulfate) HCO3

- Hydrogen Carbonate (Bicarbonate) NO2

- Nitrite NO3

- Nitrate CN- Cyanide OH- Hydroxide MnO4

- Permanganate ClO- Hypochlorite ClO2

- Chlorite ClO3

- Chlorate ClO4

- Perchlorate HPO4

2- Hydrogen Phosphate C2O4

2- Oxalate SO3

2- Sulfite SO4

2- Sulfate CO3

2- Carbonate CrO4

2- Chromate Cr2O7

2- Dichromate SiO3

2- Silicate PO3

3- Phosphite PO4

3- Phosphate NH4

+ Ammonium Hg2

2+ Mercury(I)

Memorization Hints

• There are only two positive polyatomic ions [ammonium & mercury(I)]. All other polyatomic ions are negative.

Memorization HintsAn ion ending in -ate can often form an ion which is the same but with one less oxygen atom. This new ion is named with an -ite ending.

chlorate ClO3- chlorite ClO2

- nitrate NO3

- nitrite NO2-

sulfate SO42- sulfite SO3

2- phosphate PO4

3- phosphite PO33-

Memorization Hints

Each added hydrogen (H) increases the charge of the ion by one. One added hydrogen would add hydrogen to the name of the ion, two added hydrogens would add dihydrogen to the name of the ion. sulfate SO4

2- hydrogen sulfate HSO4

-

sulfite SO32- hydrogen sulfite HSO3

- carbonate CO3

2- hydrogen carbonate HCO3-

phosphate PO43- hydrogen phosphate HPO4

2- dihydrogen phospate H2PO4-

Homework

Worksheet: Ions