POLONIUM-210 AND LEAD-210 IN THE BRAZILIAN SARDINE Sardinella brasiliensis AND THE CHEMICAL...
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Transcript of POLONIUM-210 AND LEAD-210 IN THE BRAZILIAN SARDINE Sardinella brasiliensis AND THE CHEMICAL...
POLONIUM-210 AND LEAD-210 IN THE BRAZILIAN SARDINE Sardinella brasiliensis
AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ORGANS AND TISSUES
Alphonse Kelecom1, Wagner de Souza Pereira2,3, Eliane Teixeira Mársico4, Sérgio C. São Clemente4 and Rita de
Cássia S. Gouvea1
3rd International Conference on Po and Radioactive Pb Isotopes11-14 October 2015 - Kusadası / TURKEY
1. Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiometry - UFF 2. Laboratory of Wastewater Monitoring - UVA
3. Coordinating Group for Radiological Protection - INB4. Department of Foodstuffs Technology - UFF
1st International Conference on Po and Radioactive Pb isotopesOctober 2009 - Sevilla/ España
List 1: Top 20 Articles, in the Domain of Article 21296469, Since 2011 (publication date of the domain article)
1. Increase of 210Po levels in human semen fluid after mussel ingestion.
Kelecom A, Gouvea R de C.J Environ Radioact; 2011 May;102(5):443-7.
2. Time-related increase in urinary testosterone levels and stable semen analysis parameters after bariatric surgery in men.Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Meadows JW, Kesner JS, Krieg EF, Rogers AM, Cooney RN.Reprod Biomed Online; 2015 Feb;30(2):150-6.
3. 'Mussel Ingestion': Top Publications.
BioMedLib Review OC; ;MusselIngestion:708300192. ISSN: 2331-5717. 2015/6/23; updates online.
4. Levels of 210Po and 210Pb in mussel and sediments in Candarlı Gulf and the related dose assessment to the coastal population.Aközcan S.Mar Pollut Bull; 2013 Aug 15;73(1):11-5.
5. IL-18 levels in the semen of male infertility: semen analysis.Qian L, Zhou Y, Du C, Wen J, Teng S, Teng Z.Int J Biol Macromol; 2014 Mar;64:190-2.
6. Pattern of semen fluid abnormalities in male partners of infertile couples in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.AlEnezi H, Isa AM, Abu-Rafea B, Madbouly K, Binsaleh S.Can J Urol; 2014 Jun;21(3):7322-5.
7. Comparison of before and after varicocelectomy levels of nitric oxide in seminal fluid of infertile men.Keyhan H, Dadvar A, Ansari M, Rafiee K.Nephrourol Mon; 2012;4(4):629-32.
8. Seasonal and spatial variations of 210Po and 210Pb activity concentrations in Mytilus galloprovincialis from Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea.Rožmarić M, Rogić M, Benedik L, Štrok M, Barišić D.Chemosphere; 2013 Nov;93(9):2063-8.
Thank you Prof. Tenório
Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner 1879)
2 cm
g w-6 /100 g fish
Sardinella brasiliensis• rich source of low cost
protein and of insaturated fatty acids (w-6 )
• one of the low cost fish most consumed in Brazil by poor populations
Material and Methods• 10 fresh specimens of S. brasiliensis were harvested from the
São Pedro fish market, city of Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• Fish was caught off the city of Cabo Frio, RJ on the same day.
• Fishes were weighted (mean ± SD: 61.7±13.0 g; min-max: 47.0-77.2 g),
• measured (mean ± SD: 16.3±1.2 cm; min-max: 15.0-19.0 cm)
• and dissected to obtain samples of heart, eyes, gills, stomach, pyloric caeca, liver, gut, muscle and red muscle.
• All the remaining tissues (fins, skin, head, scales, …) were pooled and named residues.
tissue Distrib. of weight (%) *
Polonium-210 (CA) Distribution of 210Po
activities (%)CF
Normali-zation $
mean±SD min-max
gill 3.2 89.5±43,7 34.8-158.7 1.7 24,961 6
eye 1.0 133.7±67.3 57.7-277.8 0.8 32,326 8
heart 0.5 214.3±136.4 81.1-513.2 0.6 77,219 13
stomach 1.2 317.0±202.7 35.0-650-2 2.2 125,864 20
liver 0.8 850.6±682.5 120.3-2100.2 3.9 296,464 53
pyloric caeca (n=6) 8.2 1228.6±159.1 1045.4-1332.1 59.1 477,769 74
gut 2.4 1634.6±806.3 499.7-2596.0 22.8 709,230 102
muscle 65.5 16.0±4.5 9.6-24.0 6.1 4,848 1
red muscle 11.9 32.3±26.8 15.3-95.5 2.2 7,341 5
residues ** 5.4 15.0 - 0.5 - -
whole fish 100 64.6 *** 100 71,700 -
Table 1. Concentrations of activity (mBq g-1, mean ± SD) of 210Po in tissues and organs of Sardinella brasiliensis.
Unless otherwise stated, the number of replicates is 10. * % wet weight relative to the mass of the whole fish; ** fins, skin, head, bones and scales; *** calculated; $ ratio 210Po in a tissue/210Po in the muscle.
210Po 0.88
mBq L-1
within the latitudes of 0-15ºS
tissue Distrib. of weight (%) *
Lead-210 (CA) Distribution of 210Pb
activities (%)CF
Normali-zation
$mean±SD min-max
gill (n=9) 3.2 7.6±4.2 4.4-16.8 3.0 1,090 3
eye 1.0 8.3±3.9 3.7-16.1 1.0 1,037 4
heart 0.5 16.1±15.2 3.8-49.5 1.0 2,984 7
stomach 1.2 18.8±12.9 5.7-42.5 2.8 3,843 9
liver 0.8 29.9±30,1 2.1-92.6 2.9 5,366 14
pyloric caeca (n=2) 8.2 32.6±6.2 28.2-37.0 33.1 6,525 15
gut 2.4 67.0±23.0 33.2-106.3 19.7 14,947 31
muscle (n=9) 65.5 2.2±2.9 0.5-9.4 17.6 339 1
red muscle (n=9) 11.9 6.2±12.1 0.6-38.2 9.1 956 3
residues** 5.4 15.0 - 9.9 - -
whole fish 100 2.89 *** - 100 1,650 -
Table 2. Concentrations of activity (mBq g-1, mean ± SD) of 210Pbin tissues and organs of Sardinella brasiliensis.
Unless otherwise stated, the number of replicates is 10. * % wet weight relative to the mass of the whole fish; ** fins, skin, head, bones and scales; *** calculated; $ ratio 210Po in a tissue/210Po in the muscle.
210Pb 1.75
mBq L-1
within the latitudes of 0-15ºS
heart gill
eye
stomac
hliv
ergu
t
pyloric
caeca
muscle
red muscl
e0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
214.
3
89.5 133.
7 317.
0
850.
5
1634
.6
1228
.5
16.0
32.3
16.1
7.6
8.3 18.8
29.9
67.0
32.6
2.2
6.2
210Po (blue) and 210Pb (red) concentrations of activities (CA) in tissues and organs of S. brasiliensis.
heart gill eye stomach liver gut pyloric caecae
muscle red muscle
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
214.3089.50 133.70
316.95
850.55
1634.59
1228.55
16.00 32.29
Distribution of 210Po in Sardinella brasiliensism
Bq/
g
heart gill eye stomach liver gut pyloric caecae
muscle red muscle
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
16.10
7.60 8.34
18.82
29.93
66.99
32.63
2.186.20
Distribution of 210Pb in Sardinella brasiliensis
mB
q/g
Conclusions
As expected from literature, 210Po and 210Pb concentrations of activities were:
• low in muscle,
• medium in heart, eyes and gills, and
• high in all the organs of the digestive tract
In addition the 210Po CA were c.a. 8-40 times higher than those of 210Pb.
residues0.5%
heart0.6%
gill1.7%
eye0.8%
stomach2.2%
liver3.9%
gut22.8%
pyloric caeca 59.1%.
muscle6.1%
red muscle 2.2%
Conclusions• Although muscle (including red muscle)
represent ~77% of the total fish weight, it contains only 8.3% of the total 210Po content, and 26.7% of the 210Pb one.
• On the contrary, the digestive tract organs that represent together only 13.8% of the fish weight contain up to 88.0% and 58.5% of the total 210Po and 210Pb activities respectively.
Distributions of 210Po and 210Pb CA in Sardinella brasiliensis
Po
heart0.5%
stomach1.2%
liver0.8%
gill3.2%
gut2.4%
muscle65.5%
red muscle11.9%
eye1.0%
pyloric caeca8.2%
residues5.4%
Distribuition of masses
residues9.9%
heart1.0%
gill3.0% eye
1.0%
stomach2.8%
liver2.9%
gut19.7%
pyloric caeca33.1%
muscle17.6%
red muscle9.1%
Pb
residues0.5%
heart0.6%
gill1.7%
eye0.8%
stomach2.2%
liver3.9%
gut22.8%
pyloric caeca 59.1%.
muscle6.1%
red muscle 2.2%
Distributions of 210Po and 210Pb CA in Sardinella brasiliensis
Po
heart0.5%
stomach1.2%
liver0.8%
gill3.2%
gut2.4%
muscle65.5%
red muscle11.9%
eye1.0%
pyloric caeca8.2%
residues5.4%
Distribuition of masses
residues9.9%
heart1.0%
gill3.0% eye
1.0%
stomach2.8%
liver2.9%
gut19.7%
pyloric caeca33.1%
muscle17.6%
red muscle9.1%
Pb
Residues:fins skin head
bones and scales
Conclusions
• Remarkably, fish residues contain proportionally 20 times more 210Pb (9.9%) than 210Po (0.5%). This reflects the higher affinity of lead for the fins, scales and principally bones.
• Considering the whole fish, the CF of 210Po (71,700) is 40 times that of
210Pb (1,650).
Fishwhole
fish muscle red muscle gill eye heart stomach liver pyloric
caeca gut
S. brasiliensis 71.7 4.8 7.3 24.9 32.3 77.2 125.9 296.5 477.8 709.2
C. micro-lepidatus
18.7 1.6 - 34.4 16.2 37.7 131.4 184.3 - 1845.4
G. brasiliensis 4.6 0.4 - 6.3 6.3 6.7 9.2 80.2 - 55.8
Table 3. CF for 210Po in tissues and organs of Sardinella brasiliensis compared to the CF values for Cynoscion microlepidatus and Genypterus brasiliensis
captured at the same niche (Mársico et al., 2014). (seawater = 0.9 mBq L-1) (Cherry and Heyraud, 1988), [All values must be multiplied by 1000].
Conclusions• Comparing the CF of 210Po reported here, it appears that the sardine accumulates much
more 210Po, except for the gut. This reflects both different feeding pattern, and the higher position in the food-chain of Clupeidae.
• Given that a single meal of sardine consists generally of four to six filets (~130-200 g), such a meal would supply 2080-3200 mBq of 210Po, and up to the double amount considering the more tasteful red muscle.
• Undoubtedly, by time, this may have a reflex on the internal dose of the consumer.
tissue 210Po/210Pb trend
gill 11.8 1.6eye 16.0 2.2heart 13.3 1.8stomach 16.8 2.3liver 28.4 3.9pyloric caeca 36.4 5.0gut 24.4 3.3muscle 7.3 1.0red muscle 13.2 1.8
Table 4. Ratios 210Po/210Pb in S. brasiliensis and trend to accumulate 210Po better than 210Pb as compared to this trend in muscle.
Conclusions
• The 210Po/210Pb ratios confirm the better accumulation of 210Po . • Clearly, 210Po in S. brasiliensis is not entirely supported by its grandfather 210Pb. • Thus, the marine environment seems to be a better source of 210Po than 210Pb, or fish are
more efficient in 210Po capture and/or in 210Po bioaccumulation.
tissue humidity lipids ashes proteins
gill 74.90 5.99 5.95 14.25
eye 78.24 6.28 1.32 18.91
heart 67.57 2.02 1.79 17.75
stomach 64.26 6.91 1.76 20.44
liver 54.82 20.74 1.91 20.36
pyloric caeca n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
gut 60.95 16.24 1.53 13.68
muscle 72.73 4.07 1.59 20.25
red muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
Table 5. Chemical composition of S. brasiliensis.(n.d.: not dertermined)
Conclusion• Unexpectedly, the gut that contains most of the 210Po is poor in proteins, although
210Po is reported to bind preferentially to free SH groups, expected to be abundant in proteins.
Fig. 2. Correlations of the levels of
210Po and 210Pb with chemical
parameters.
h
Conclusions
• Although part of Po in S. brasiliensis is not supported by Pb, statistical analysis showed as expected high positive correlation of Po and Pb (Fig. 2).
• It also indicated good correlation of both Po and Pb with lipids, but unexpectedly no correlation with protein content.
Fig. 3 PCA multivariate analysis of the levels of 210Po and 210Pb with chemical parameters.
h
Conclusions
• Multivariate analyses (cluster and PCA) indicated a very similar behavior of Po and Pb and constitute a group that correlates to some extend with the lipid content in agreement with the univariate analysis (Fig. 3).
• On the other hand, water content and ashes also showed some similar behavior, but surprisingly protein content did not correlate satisfactorily with none of the other parameters.
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ObrigadoThank You