Hazardous Substances Management in Thailand

Hazardous Substances Management in ThailandManagement in ThailandManagement in Thailand

Pollution Control Department’s Experience

December 14, 2010Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE)

Bangkok, Thailand

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C t tC t tContentContent

Situation Overview of Mechanisms of Chemical Management

Responsible AgenciesLegal Instruments MechanismsNon Regulatory MechanismsInter-ministerial Commissions and Coordinating MechanismsInternational Linkage

Projects / Implementations under HS Division/ Waste & HS M BManagement Bureau

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The Number of Patients and Death due to Hazardous The Number of Patients and Death due to Hazardous Chemicals Exposure between 1995 - 2009 Chemicals Exposure between 1995 - 2009

Hazardous Chemical Incidents between 2003- 2009Hazardous Chemical Incidents between 2003- 2009

45

50

3 10

Number of Incidents

3944

48

30

35

40

45

2218 13

1 1

3 10

28 29

39

3027

15

20

25

30

19 512

813

1015

422

13 9

1

0

5

10

15

6 512

510 10

156

12

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Transtportation Storage Illegal Dumping Others

Patients Exposed to Hazardous Chemical Accidents Patients Exposed to Hazardous Chemical Accidents Patients Exposed to Hazardous Chemical Accidents from 2003 - 2009Patients Exposed to Hazardous Chemical Accidents from 2003 - 2009

2Number 893

800

900

2Number

500

600

700

300

400

500 891

34

167218 258

0

100

200

35 140215

12 82

25427

11

435 2386

0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Illness Death

Ch i l E RCh i l E RChemicals Emergency ResponseChemicals Emergency Response

Fi I id t i L Ch b H b Ch lb i Fire Incident in Laem Chabung Harbour , Cholburi

Gas Leakage in Reyon Factory, Saraburi Province Gas Leakage in Reyon Factory, Saraburi Province

Sit tiSit tiSituationSituation

Increasing import of Chem & HS for utilization (direct use / furtherIncreasing import of Chem & HS for utilization (direct use / further production) in Agriculture, Industry & Public Health Problems arising from HS have been partially solvedProblems arising from HS have been partially solved

Not properly utilized/ use irresponsibly/ use without realize of their hazardLacking of tight systemic control from import to production, selling, transport, utilization, storage, disposalChemical residue in environment

Obstacle for effective chemical managementObstacle for effective chemical managementMany ministries conducted their mandate using their own systems and protocols

unavailability or incompleteness of necessary information / data access : quantity used y p y q y

by locations , productionม presence of chemicals in the environment, information of

releases of chemicals

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The Trends of imported and Produced Hazardous The Trends of imported and Produced Hazardous pChemicals in Thailand from 1995 to 2009

pChemicals in Thailand from 1995 to 2009

Production Amount  for 2009 refers from data in 2008, the updated information is being inquired from Ministry of Industry 

Overview of Mechanisms of Chems. ManagementOverview of Mechanisms of Chems. Management

Responsible AgenciesL l I t t M h iLegal Instruments MechanismNon Regulatory MechanismsInter-ministerial Commissions and Coordinating MechanismsInternational Linkage

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Responsible Ministries for Chem ManagementResponsible Ministries for Chem ManagementResponsible Ministries for Chem. ManagementResponsible Ministries for Chem. Management

MinistriesAgriculture and Cooperatives

responsibilities of enforcing related

Commerce FinanceI d t

laws, regulations and other operationalIndustry

Interior Labour

operational guidelines

according to Labour Natural Resources and Environment Public Health

chemical use categories/ different phase ofPublic Health

Transportdifferent phase of life cycles

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Legal Instruments for Managing Chemicals Legal Instruments for Managing Chemicals

Legal instruments have been enacted to control the use of chemicals and reduce chemical risks to human health and the environment

The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act 1992 & Public Health Act 1992,

covering prevention and management of all aspects of dangercovering prevention and management of all aspects of danger and nuisance caused by pollutants.

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L l I (C )L l I (C )Legal Instruments (Cont.)Legal Instruments (Cont.)

Food, Drug, Cosmetic, Medical Device, Narcotic and Hazardous Substance Acts

covering articles meant for the safety of human and animal consumption. animal consumption.

Ministries of Industry, Agriculture & Cooperatives, and P bi H l h h i h ibili i f iPubic Health, sharing the responsibilities for executing Hazardous Substance Act 1992 in the area with respect to their authorities.

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Legal Instr ments: HS ActLegal Instr ments: HS ActLegal Instruments: HS ActLegal Instruments: HS Act

Hazardous Substances Act (1992)Hazardous Substances Act (1992)

Replaced 1967 & 1973

promulgates lists of chemicals for particular conditions of use in agriculture, public health, personal consumables and household products products.

HS are classified into 4 types according to the needs for control of yp gProduction, import, export, having in possession

Type 1 must comply w/ criteriaType 1 must comply w/ criteriaType 2 must be notifiedType 3 must obtain a permit severe restrict

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ype 3 must obtain a pe mit seve e est ictType 4 prohibit ban

AALegal Instruments: Factory ActLegal Instruments: Factory Act

The Factory Act 1992 seeking to control factory operations regarding waste disposal, pollution emission and contamination with the main objective of minimizing the impact on thewith the main objective of minimizing the impact on the environment. Notifications

f f f lNotifications of Ministry of Interior concerning occupational safety.

Notification of Hazardous Substance Committee regardingNotification of Hazardous Substance Committee regarding Land Transportation of Hazardous Substances (2002); Notification of Ministry of Commerce regarding Importation of Pharmaceutical Chemicals into Thailand (2002); andPharmaceutical Chemicals into Thailand (2002); and Rule of the Prime Minister Office on National Disaster Prevention (amendments 2000 and 2003).

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Non regulatory MechanismsNon regulatory MechanismsNon regulatory MechanismsNon regulatory Mechanisms

Management Guidelines, i.e.

Non regulatory Mechanisms Non regulatory Mechanisms for Managing Chem.for Managing Chem.Non regulatory Mechanisms Non regulatory Mechanisms for Managing Chem.for Managing Chem.g ,

Reduce & recommend efficient & safe use of HS in industrial & agriculture sectorsPrepare prevention & mitigation plans for high risk activitiesPrepare prevention & mitigation plans for high risk activities utilizing HS w/ technical support, tax benefits & other incentives provide by gov.

id li iInvestment Guidelines, i.e.Support establishment of industrial estate for factories using HS as production input, to ensure the systemic management w/ softas production input, to ensure the systemic management w/ soft loan from gov. for relocation of factories into industrial estates & to improve production process using clean technologies

Supporting Guidelines i eSupporting Guidelines i.e.Supporting study & research for suitable management of HSConduct training & practice HS management program for

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g p g p g frelevant gov. public & private sector

Inter-ministerial Commissions andInter-ministerial Commissions andInter-ministerial Commissions and Coordinating MechanismsInter-ministerial Commissions and Coordinating Mechanisms

1. Inter-ministerial bodies, appointed by the Cabinet to undertake policy formulation, monitoring and evaluation, as well as decision-making of respective chemicals.

The National Coordinating Committee on Chemical Safety in charge of developing a national master plan for chemicalcharge of developing a national master plan for chemical management.

2 Standing Committees established by the Acts to regulate and2. Standing Committees, established by the Acts to regulate and manage chemicals in various aspects throughout their life cycle.

the National Environment Board, Pollution Controlthe National Environment Board, Pollution Control Committee, the Committees on Drug; Food; Cosmetic; and Hazardous Substance

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Thailand’s National Strategic PlanThailand’s National Strategic PlanThailand s National Strategic Plan on Chemical ManagementThailand s National Strategic Plan on Chemical Management

1st National Strategic Plan on CM (1997-2001)

2nd National Strategic Plan on CM (2002-2006)2nd National Strategic Plan on CM (2002-2006)

3rd National Strategic Plan on CM (2007-2011)

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I t ti l Li kI t ti l Li kInternational Linkage International Linkage

Thailand is a member of numerous international programs / agreements

A d 21 UNEP L d G id li FAO C d fe.g. Agenda21, UNEP London Guideline, FAO Code of Conduct, Montreal Protocol, Basel Convention, Rotterdam convention, and GATT / WTO agreements

It has good linkages with international organizations e.g. IFCS, IPCS, UNEP, IRPTC, WHO, FAO, UNIDO, ILO, UNITAR UNITAR.

several projects have been funded and given technical assistance in the areas of chemical safety, risk reduction, environment quality

it i t d i t l h lth i t tmonitoring system, and environmental health impact assessment. e.g. GTZ, IAEA, SIDA, DANCED, ADB, U.S. EPA, JICA, OECC

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Projects / Implementations underProjects / Implementations underProjects / Implementations under W&HSM BureauProjects / Implementations under W&HSM Bureau

Multilateral Environmental Agreement : MEARotterdam Convention on PICStockholm Convention on POPs

Formulation of Regulation/Measure/GuidelineEnvironmental Sound Management : ESM Best Available Technique/Best Env. Practice :BAT/BEP

Development of Information Dissemination System PRTR

Publication

19Monograph, HSW Newsletter

Training and WorkshopTraining and Workshop

Capacity Building NeedsHealth & Environmental IssuesHealth & Environmental Issues

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International WorkshopsInternational Workshops

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Rotterdam Convention on Prior Inform ConsentRotterdam Convention on Prior Inform ConsentRotterdam Convention on Prior Inform ConsentRotterdam Convention on Prior Inform Consent

The Convention creates legally binding obligations for the implementation of the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure f C t i H Ch & P ti id i I t ti l T dfor Certain Haz. Chems. & Pesticides in International Trade.

Thailand Ratified on 19 February 2002Thailand Ratified on 19 February 2002

Enter into force 24 February 2005

Designated National Authorities (DNAs)Department of Agric lt re Department of Ind strial Works Poll tionDepartment of Agriculture , Department of Industrial Works , Pollution Control Department

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Rotterdam Convention on the PICRotterdam Convention on the PIC

Objectives :

to promote shared responsibility and cooperative efforts among Parties in the international trade of certain haz. chems.i d t t t h h lth d th f t ti lin order to protect human health and the env from potential harm; to contribute to the env. sound use of haz chems, ,

by facilitating information exchange about their characteristics by providing for a national decision-making process on their i t d timport and export by disseminating these decisions to Parties.

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R tt d C ti (C t )R tt d C ti (C t )Rotterdam Convention (Cont.)Rotterdam Convention (Cont.)

Scope of the ConventionApplies to:pp

-Chemicals banned or severely restricted to protect human health and the environment

Severely hazardous pesticide formulations (SHPF) causing-Severely hazardous pesticide formulations (SHPF)-causing problem under conditions of use in developing countries or countries with economies in transition

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Rotterdam Convention (Cont )Rotterdam Convention (Cont )Rotterdam Convention (Cont.)Rotterdam Convention (Cont.)

Key provisionsKey provisionsPIC Procedure

formally obtaining & disseminating the decision of the y g gparties about whether they wish to allow hazardous chemicals in Annex III of the convention to be imported into their territories ensure compliance with these decisions by exporting P tiParties

Information Exchange

exchange information on a broad range of potentiallyexchange information on a broad range of potentially hazardous chemicals

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R tt d C tiR tt d C tiRotterdam ConventionRotterdam Convention

Chemicals subjected to PIC ProcedurePesticidesS l H d P ti id F l tiSeverely Hazardous Pesticide FormulationIndustrial Chemicals

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Export NotificationExport Notification

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Source: UNEP Training Manual

B fit t th P tiB fit t th P tiBenefits to the PartiesBenefits to the Parties

Early warning systemEarly warning system

I f d d i i kiInformed decision-making

Sh d ibilitiShared responsibilities

E t tifi tiExport notification

Information accompanying export e.g. MSDS

N ki DNA28

Networking among DNAs

St kh l C ti POPSt kh l C ti POPSt kh l C ti POPSt kh l C ti POPStockholm Convention on POPsStockholm Convention on POPsStockholm Convention on POPsStockholm Convention on POPs

Objective: To protect human health and the environment from Persistent Organic Pollutants

“ P i t t O i P ll t t POP“ Persistent Organic Pollutants: POPs Organic compounds

R i t t d d ti ( h bi & h t l ti )Resist to env. degradation (chem, bio& photolytic process)persist in the environment for long periodLong length transportLong length transport bio-accumulate through the food web,Biomagnify in food chains andBiomagnify in food chains and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment.”

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St kh l C ti POPSt kh l C ti POPSt kh l C ti POPSt kh l C ti POPStockholm Convention on POPsStockholm Convention on POPsStockholm Convention on POPsStockholm Convention on POPs

Thailand: Signed 22 May 2002 /Ratified 31 Jan 2005Issue of Concern : pesticides, industrial chems, unintentional POPs

Initial 12 POPs aldrin , chlordane , DDT, dieldrin , endrin , heptachlor , mirex , toxaphene , PCBs , HCB , Dioxins and Furans

9 NEW POPS9 NEW POPSOcta BDE, PeCB,�- HCH �-HCH, Clordecone (Kepone) , HexaBB, Lindane, Penta BDE, PFOSHexaBB, Lindane, Penta BDE, PFOS

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St kh l C tiSt kh l C tiSt kh l C tiSt kh l C tiStockholm ConventionStockholm ConventionStockholm ConventionStockholm Convention

Convention Provision- General obligations

• Eliminating Production & use

• Restricting Production & use General obligations- Control Provisions:

I t ti ll P d d POP

• Reducing unintentional

production with aim of Intentionally Produced POPsUnintentionally Produced POPs

elimination

• Ensuring waste containing Stockpiles and Wastes

- Procedure for adding new POPsPOPs are manage safely and

in ESM

- Financial and technical assistance

• Targeting additional POPs

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Fieldwork 1Fieldwork 1

Pesticide Inventory 2004 PCBs Inventory 2004

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Fieldwork 2Fieldwork 2

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Fieldwork 3Fieldwork 3

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Fieldwork 4Fieldwork 4

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Fieldwork 5Fieldwork 5

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P ll t t R l d T f R i t PRTRP ll t t R l d T f R i t PRTRPollutant Release and Transfer Registers: PRTR Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers: PRTR

environmental database or inventory of potentially hazardous chemical substances and/or pollutants released to air, water and soil and transferred off site for treatment or disposaland transferred off-site for treatment or disposal. PRTRs provide public access to data via the Internet, CD-ROMs, publications and annual reportsp p

Air

37WaterLand

e.g. PRTR datae.g. PRTR data

Chem/ Release (Kg/Y)( g/ )Pollutant Air Water Land Total R.

As 5 20 - 25As 5 20 - 25

Pb 10 20 10 40

NOx 50 - - 50

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Release from industrial point sourceRelease from industrial point sourceRelease from industrial point sourceRelease from industrial point source

Air

WaterW e

Land39

Release from non industrial source/ non point sourceRelease from non industrial source/ non point sourceRelease from non industrial source/ non point sourceRelease from non industrial source/ non point source

Air

water

Land40

C t PRTR A ti itiC t PRTR A ti itiCurrent PRTR ActivitiesCurrent PRTR Activities

Development of PRTR systemDevelopment of PRTR systemAwareness Raising Workshop

l i i i iRelease Estimation TrainingCriteria for PRTR Reporting

• Drafting List of chemical/pollutant• Drafting Criteria for selecting chemical/pollutant• Drafting type of Factory subject to report PRTR data• Reporting Criteriap g

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Formulation of Regulation/Measure/GuidelineFormulation of Regulation/Measure/GuidelineFormulation of Regulation/Measure/GuidelineFormulation of Regulation/Measure/Guideline

E i l S d M ESMEnvironmental Sound Management : ESM • Pesticides/Obsolete pesticides/ container• Hg,TBT,PCB

Best Available Technique/Best Env. Practice :BAT/BEP

– Boiler & power plant– Metallurgical– Crematoria

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Current Efforts for ESM of pesticidesCurrent Efforts for ESM of pesticidesCurrent Efforts for ESM of pesticides stockpiles and wastes Current Efforts for ESM of pesticides stockpiles and wastes

Update Inventory for obsolete pesticides& containerUpdate Inventory for obsolete pesticides& container

•Development of waste management plan

•Prepare for pesticides & container disposal

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Current activities on ESM of HgCurrent activities on ESM of Hg

Inventories of national use, consumption & environmental release

To draft Control MeasuresTo Prepare intergovernmental negotiation

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Activities on BAT/BEP Action PlanActivities on BAT/BEP Action PlanActivities on BAT/BEP Action Plan and Work ProgramActivities on BAT/BEP Action Plan and Work Program

M i i f PCDD /PCDF &Monitoring of PCDDs/PCDFs & other pollutants releases from

power generation/heating

• Emission factor

power generation/heating metallurgical industry andcrematoria sectors

•Emission standard

BAT/BEP id licrematoria sectorsAwareness Raising Workshop

•BAT/BEP guideline

/action plan/action plan

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Information Dissemination: PublicationsInformation Dissemination: Publications

Monograph4 6 h /4-6 chem/year

HSW Newsletter3 i /3 issues/year

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ReportsReports

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LeafletLeaflet

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http://pops.pcd.go.thhttp://pops.pcd.go.th

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Ch llCh llChallenges Challenges

National Priority-setting on the AbatementBudget constraint Limitation of Manpower Knowledge in technology, particularly the management of unintentionally released pollutants e.g. BAT/BEP on dioxin/furan management Inadequate tools and equipment for specific research

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Thank youThank you

Hazardous Substances Subdivision

Waste & Hazardous Substance Management Bureau

Pollution Control Department

92 Soi Phahon Yothin 7, Phahon Yothin Rd.,

Phayathai, Bangkok 10400,Thailand

Tel: 66 2298 2439 Fax: 66 2298 2442

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Tel: 66 2298 2439, Fax: 66 2298 2442

e-mail: warawan.c@pcd.go.th