Politics of the Roaring Twenties
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Transcript of Politics of the Roaring Twenties
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Politics of the Roaring Twenties
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Post-WWI Politics and Social Issues
• 1920 election • Warren G. Harding a
“Return to Normalcy”
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Post-WWI Politics and Social Issues
• Politics of the 20’s Characterized by:
1. a conservative reaction to the international and domestic activism of the Progressive Era
2. Renewed isolationism – pull away from involvement in word affairs
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Post-WWI Politics and Social Issues
3. Resurgence of Nativism
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Post-WWI Politics and Social Issues
• Growth of the culture of consumerism
• Americans began to work fewer hours, earn higher salaries, invest in the stock market, and buy everything from washing machines to Model T Fords
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Post-WWI Politics and Social Issues
• Paradoxes (inconsistencies) of the era
• Prohibition, flappers, fundamentalists, the Harlem Renaissance and the rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan
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Revolution Abroad and Reaction at Home
• The Russian Revolution
• Czar Nicholas II, the Russian ruler steps down on March 15, 1917
• November, radicals seized the government and established the world’s first Communist state.
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Vladimir Illyich Lenin
• Vladimir Lenin• Established
communism in Russia• Based on the teachings
of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
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Communism
• In a communist society, labor is the shared equally as well, and the benefits of labor are distributed according to need
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Red Scare in the US
• About 70,000 radicals joined called the “Reds” joined US Communist Party
• Communist talked about abolishing private property
• Substituting government ownership of factories
• Caused fear in many people
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A. Mitchell Palmer
• Attorney General decided to take action to combat “Red Scare”
• Appointed J. Edgar Hoover in charge of the antiradical division of the Justice Department
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Palmer Raids
• Sent agents to hunt down Communists, Socialists and anarchists- oppose any form of govt.
• The agents often disregarded the rights of the people they arrested.
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Palmer Raids
• Palmer never found evidence of a conspiracy to overthrow the government, and the fear passed
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Sacco and Vanzetti
• Among the more celebrated victims of the Red Scare were two Italian aliens, admitted anarchists named
• Nicola Sacco and Bartolome Vanzetti
• Charged with robbery and murder in 1920.
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Sacco and Vanzetti
• Robbed and killed a factory paymaster and his guard
• Arrested 3 weeks later, admitted they were anarchists, but not crime.
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Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
• The men were arrested in 1920 and executed seven years later, less for the crime they apparently did not commit than for their nationality and radical beliefs
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Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
• Vanzetti claimed that the trial had not been about murder, but rather his ideology and ethnic heritage
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Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
• 1961 ballistics tests showed Sacco’s gun had killed the guard
• August 23, 1977, Mass. Gov. Michael Dukakis declared unfair trial
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Klan Rises Again
• In 1915, Colonel William Joseph Simmons revived the organization
• 1915 Whites climbed up Stone Mountain, Georgia, and burned a huge cross and announced the rebirth of the Klan
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Klan Rises Again
• Whereas the old Klan was a Southern instrument of racial oppression, the new Klan was strong in many parts of the country (especially the Midwest)
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Klan Rises Again
• This new KKK promoted "100% Americanism": – Protestantism – Charity – Motherhood – Morality – Temperance – Education
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Klan Rises Again
• So what's not 100% American?
• Their main targets include:
1. Roman Catholics
2. Jews
3. African-Americans
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Klan Rises Again
• According to Hiram Wesley Evans, an "Imperial Wizard" of the KKK:
• "Every instinct, every interest, every dictate of conscience and public spirit insists that white supremacy forever shall be maintained."
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Klan Tactics
• Burning crosses outside people’s homes
• Whippings and lynching to terrorize blacks and immigrants
• Supported all efforts to limit immigration
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Politics of the Roaring Twenties
Daily Quiz
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Whose aim was to preserve the United States for white native-
born Protestants?
KKK
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The Palmer raids were organized to root out groups whose
activities
• posed a clear danger to the country.
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Who were convicted because they were anarchists not for their
crime?
Sacco and Vanzetti
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Who called for workers of the world to overthrow their
governments?
Lenin
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Why did many Americans fear Vladimir I. Lenin and his
followers, the Bolsheviks?
They promoted a system that was hostile to American values.
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Name the first director of the FBI.
J. Edgar Hoover