Chapter 12: Politics of the Roaring Twenties Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues
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Transcript of Chapter 12: Politics of the Roaring Twenties Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues
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Chapter 12: Politics of the Roaring Twenties
Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues
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I. Post-War Fears and UnrestA. Fear of Communism/Red Scare
1. What is Communism?a. Karl Marx—founder.b. Struggle between “Haves” and “Have-Nots.”c. Supported the violent overthrow of industrial capitalist governments.d. First tried in Russia (1917)
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What was the Red Scare?
2. Americans feared that communists would try to overthrow the US government like Lenin and the Bolsheviks had done in Russia.
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How did American React?
3. The Palmer Raids—From 1919 to 1920, Palmer and J. Edger Hoover began a series of raids on suspected communists. – 100s deported w/out trial.– Violated civil rights– Never turned-up a conspiracy.
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B. Fear of Foreigners/Nativism—“Keep America for Americans.”1. Many viewed immigrants as radicals/extremists.2. Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti. What happened?3. Ku Klux Klan (KKK).
a. In membership. 1924—4.5 million members.b. Domestic terrorism.
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4. Emergency Quota Act of 1921.a. Dramatically limited immigration.b. Only 150,000 immigrants admitted per year.
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Chapter 13
The Roaring Life of the 1920’s
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Bell Ringer 13.1
• The 1920s saw a conflict between Rural America and Urban America. – Identify 2 differences between Rural America
and Urban America.– Identify 1 similarity.
• Write in Complete Sentences.• Underline your answers.
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Urban Rural
I. Rural vs. Urban Life
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Section 1: Changing Ways of Life
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I. Rural vs. Urban Life
A. Rural Life Ending– South and West– Conservative beliefs– Religious– Ethnically
Homogeneous
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B. Urbanization– Northeast US mostly– Growing in size– Mostly industrial– Liberal beliefs– Less religious– Well Educated– Ethnically Diverse
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II. Social Issues
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A. Prohibition• 18th Amendment: 1920
– Can’t sell, make, or transport alcohol in US
• Supported by– Women– South– Religion– Volstead Act
• Provided govt. funding to enforce, but not enough available
– Too much land to cover
– bribes
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B. How did people get around Prohibition?
• Speakeasies– Hidden bars and
nightclubs– Cops knew about
them and did nothing
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C. Bootleggers– People that smuggles
alcohol – Organized Crimes
• Paid off police and court
• Al Capone– 60 million off illegal
alcohol sales
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D. Science vs. Religion
• Fundamentalism– Believing everything in
the Bible is fact• Tennessee had made
it illegal to teach evolution in school
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• Scopes Trial• John T Scopes
volunteered to teach evolution and arrested
• Lots of sensation• Decision:
– Scopes guilty– Law remained in effect that
it was illegal to teach evolution in school
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Section 2: Women in the 1920s
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Bell Ringer 13.2
• Who are the two figures? (What do they represent?)
• What is the subject of this political cartoon?
• What is the purpose of this political cartoon?
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A. Changes1. Women• WWI presented new
opportunities, allowed freedom
• Media popularized image of “New Woman”– Flapper– Vamp– Neither as widespread
as people like to think
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Then…
Now…
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2. Family
• Family changed in the 20s
• Birthrate down– Birth control available
through the work of Margaret Sanger
– Increase in standard of living resulted in smaller families
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3. Children’s Roles• Children spent more
time at school• Teens more rebellious• Media influenced them• New Music, Dancing,
clothes pushed the edge
• Less time with family and more time with friends
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B. Exceptions?Women had to face
Double Standards• Still responsible for
housework, even if had job
• Still expected to manage family
• Also, had to be careful when dating or risk ridicule
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• Housework did become more convenient through technology– Electricity– Vacuums, washing
machines– Canned food and ready
made clothes– Led to more leisure time
and possibility of job
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Where could women work?
• Well educated: nurses and teachers
• Unskilled: typists, secretaries and clerks
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Section 3: Education and Popular Culture
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Education
• Education– More students in high
schools– 2-4 million– Industry jobs needed
basic education
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Harding Administration(p. 419-421)
CoolidgeAdministration
(p.422-424)Similarities
Bell Ringer 13.3Harding and Coolidge
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Music
• Music changed• Jazz came on the
scene• Challenged status
quo• Caused people to
dance…together…
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Mass Media/Technology
• More newspapers • National Magazines
become popular– Readers Digest– Time– Life
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• Radio– Most powerful way to
communicate news, events and entertainment
– Advertisements
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Mass Media
• Heroes– Babe Ruth– Charles Lindbergh
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Entertainment and Art
• Lots of new and exciting art in the 20’s
• Jazz Singer: 1st movie with sound 1927
• Disney makes first animated cartoon: Steamboat Willy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBgghnQF6E4
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Writing
• New Themes– Isolation– Had been wounded in
war– Live for today
• Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby (excess of Americans after war)
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Leisure Time• By 1929 America
spending 4.5 billion on leisure time
• New Fads:– Crosswords– Cards– Egyptian goods– Flagpole sitting– Dance marathons
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Section 4: Harlem Renaissance
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Section 4: Harlem Renaissance
• African Americans get a voice in 1920’s
• 1910-20:Great Migration
• By 1929 40% of A.A. live in cities
• Faced racism, but better then South
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Renaissance: Rebirth
• Literature, Art, Painting
• Exposed America to “Black” culture
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Civil Rights Movement
• 1909 NAACP started by Dubois and Johnson
• Used legislation and publications like: “The Crisis” to make case known
• Goal=Legally End Segregation
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• Black Pride and Nationalism
• Led by Marcus Garvey
• Establish a colony in Africa
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Who were the musicians of the Harlem Renaissance?
Louis Armstronghttp://youtu.be/CqujvTl5zns
http://youtu.be/gDrzKBF6gDU
Bessie Smithhttp://youtu.be/8Who6fTHJ34
Dizzy Gillespie
Billie Holidayhttp://youtu.be/x6RwSsHSIfs
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Who were the Writers of the Harlem Renaissance?
Langston Hughes:
Poethttp://youtu.be/pZPNQK3k8Yo
Claude McCay: novelist and poet
Zora Hurston: told the life of a A.A. woman
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Reading: Henry FordTopic
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