Political Trends in the Political Trends in the West during the 19West during the 19thth CenturyCentury

Mr. MillhouseMr. Millhouse

AP World HistoryAP World History

Hebron High SchoolHebron High School

Introduction QuestionIntroduction Question

What events during the 18What events during the 18thth and and early 19early 19thth century would have an century would have an

influence on Western political influence on Western political systems?systems?

EnlightenmentEnlightenmentFrench RevolutionFrench RevolutionReign of NapoleonReign of Napoleon

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

NationalismNationalism

What is nationalism? What are What is nationalism? What are nation-states?nation-states?

Nationalism: Belief that people Nationalism: Belief that people should be loyal to their nation—should be loyal to their nation—

rather to a king or empirerather to a king or empireNation-State: An independent Nation-State: An independent

country of people having a country of people having a common culture or identitycommon culture or identity

NationalismNationalism

Most powerful political ideal of Most powerful political ideal of the 19the 19thth century century

Nationalism weakens multi-Nationalism weakens multi-national empiresnational empires– Austria-Hungary, Russia, & OttomanAustria-Hungary, Russia, & Ottoman

Nationalism creates new nationsNationalism creates new nations– Italy and GermanyItaly and Germany

Europe in 1800

Europe in 1900

Unification of ItalyUnification of Italy

After 1815 parts of Italy After 1815 parts of Italy were controlled by were controlled by Austria & SpainAustria & Spain

Nationalist leaders unify Nationalist leaders unify most of Italy by 1860most of Italy by 1860– Giuseppe MazziniGiuseppe Mazzini– Count Camillo di CavourCount Camillo di Cavour– Giuseppe GaribaldiGiuseppe Garibaldi

Faced several problems Faced several problems after unificationafter unification

Italy in 1800

Unification of GermanyUnification of Germany

German German nationalism nationalism sparked by sparked by Napoleonic warsNapoleonic wars

Otto von Bismarck Otto von Bismarck stages a series of stages a series of wars to unify wars to unify GermanyGermany

German German unification unification completed in 1871completed in 1871

Otto von Bismarck

Government ReformsGovernment Reforms

Changes in government functionsChanges in government functions– The Constitutional QuestionThe Constitutional Question– The Social QuestionThe Social Question

Beginning of the welfare stateBeginning of the welfare state– Social insurance (worker’s Social insurance (worker’s

compensation, unemployment, etc.)compensation, unemployment, etc.)– Symbolized extension of Symbolized extension of

government government

Reform MovementsReform Movements

Political Reform Political Reform MovementsMovements– UtilitarianismUtilitarianism– SocialismSocialism– CommunismCommunism

New Political PartiesNew Political Parties– SocialistsSocialists– CommunistsCommunists– LabourLabour

Karl Marx

Labor ReformLabor Reform

Labor unionsLabor unions– Unions use collective bargaining and Unions use collective bargaining and

strikes to push for reformsstrikes to push for reforms– Britain attempted to outlaw labor Britain attempted to outlaw labor

unionsunions Reform lawsReform laws

– Factory Act of 1833 – Child LaborFactory Act of 1833 – Child Labor– Mines Act of 1842 – Women and Mines Act of 1842 – Women and

children cannot work undergroundchildren cannot work underground

Democratic ReformsDemocratic Reforms

Great BritainGreat Britain– Reform Bill of Reform Bill of

18321832– Chartist Chartist

MovementMovement– Working class Working class

suffrage in 1867suffrage in 1867– Rural laborers in Rural laborers in

18841884

Feminist MovementsFeminist Movements

GoalsGoals– Sought legal and Sought legal and

economic rightseconomic rights– Women’s suffrageWomen’s suffrage

LeadershipLeadership– Middle class womenMiddle class women– Emmeline Emmeline

PankhurstPankhurst– Elizabeth Cady Elizabeth Cady

StantonStanton– Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony

Stanton (seated) with Anthony

Feminist MovementsFeminist Movements

MethodsMethods– ProtestsProtests– Hunger strikesHunger strikes– Support for war Support for war

efforteffort AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

– GB: Women over 30 GB: Women over 30 gain right to vote in gain right to vote in 19181918

– US: 19US: 19thth Amendment (1920)Amendment (1920)