THE EARLY COLD WAR Mr. Millhouse - U.S. History - Hebron High School

End of World War II

End of World War II Visions of a Postwar World

Germany? Eastern Europe? Satellite States “Iron Curtain”

East Asia? Japan Korea

United Nations

Post-World War II Europe

“Iron Curtain”

Competing Ideologies

Command economy Dictatorship Warsaw Pact Comintern Gain global influence Acquire natural

resources

Capitalism (free market) Democracy NATO Containment Gain global influence Acquire natural

resources

USSR & EASTERN EUROPE U.S. & WESTERN EUROPE

Expansion of the Cold War

Arms Race Brinkmanship

Space Race Sputnik I (1957)

Global Containment Eisenhower Doctrine

Decolonization Proxy Wars

Latin America Africa

The Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to keep East Berliners from fleeing to West Berlin. The wall fell in 1989.

Cold War as a Global “War”

East Asia

Chinese Revolution 1949 Mao Zedong People’s Republic of China U.S. refuses to acknowledge

Communist China Korean War (1950-1953)

Korea remains divided near the 38th parallel

Japan Rebuilt Japan fearing

spread of Communism

Southeast Asia

Vietnam War Ho Chi Minh led Viet Minh defeats

France in 1954 Fearing spread of Communism the U.S.

supports South Vietnam North Vietnam, with help from Viet Cong,

defeats U.S. and unifies Vietnam in 1975

Cambodia Khmer Rouge

Indonesia Bandung Conference in 1957

Khmer Rouge

South Asia

India Supporter of Non-Alignment movement Received aid from USSR

Pakistan Received millions of dollars in economic

& military aid due to its location

Afghanistan Soviets invade 1975 Opposed by the mujahedeen Defeated Soviets retreat in1989

Middle East

Turkey Truman Doctrine

Iran Oil industry dominated by the West Mosaddegh attempted to

nationalize oil industry in 1951 CIA overthrew Mosaddegh Shah Reza Pahlavi made absolute ruler

Egypt Nasser received aid from both sides

Africa

The Congo Gained independence in 1960 Patrice Lumumba is first prime minister

Belgium reoccupied parts of the Congo a week after independence

Lumumba failed to get support from U.S. Lumumba went to Soviet Union for support C.I.A. helped stage a coup d'état Mobutu Sese Seko

Civil War breaks out in Congo Laurent Kabila

Latin America

U.S. attempted to overthrow countries that attempted to go Communist Cuba Cuban Revolution (1959) Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis

Nicaragua Resisted Sandinistas by supporting capitalist

Contras

Guatemala C.I.A. removed Jacobo Arbenz

End of the Cold War

End of the Cold War

Destalinization Nikita Khrushchev

Détente Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) First major nuclear arms treaty signed in

1972 President Nixon visits China in 1972 Helsinki Accords (1975) No political boundaries should be

changed by military force Paved way for dialogue between U.S.

and USSR

Mikhail Gorbachev

Begins series of reforms in 1985 Glasnost Opened government to criticism Provokes criticism by minority

nationalities (nationalism)

Perestroika Free-market reforms

Nuclear arms agreements with Ronald Reagan

Russia’s 1st free election (1990) Replaced by Boris Yeltsin First McDonalds opened in

Russia on January 31, 1990