Political Science Dr. Nerijus Maliukevičius Vilnius University.
-
Upload
valentine-walton -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
3
Transcript of Political Science Dr. Nerijus Maliukevičius Vilnius University.
Political Science
Dr. Nerijus Maliukevičius
Vilnius University
Political ideas – The Borgias
Power and political communication – Wag the Dog
Interest groups and Lobbing – Thank You for Smoking
Ideologies – An Inconvenient Truth
International relations – Eddy Izzard’s Dress to Kill
Definition?
“Ideology – a closed system of thought, which, by claiming a monopoly of truth, refuses to tolerate opposing ideas and rival beliefs”
“Ideology as an action-oriented belief system, an interrelated set of ideas that in some way guides and inspires political action.”
“World view” – “Ideal society” – “Roadmap”
Ideas and Ideologies
Liberalism – the highest value is given to individual, his freedoms and rights.
Historic context: Fall of feudalism, birth of capitalism New class of bourgeoisie Contra: Absolutism and feudal privilegesPro: Constitutional/representative government; Laissez-fair capitalism with no State intervention.
Ideas and Ideologies
Principles: Individualism Freedom Rationalism Equality Tolerance Agreement Constitutionalism
Ideas and Ideologies
John Locke, Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Maynard Keynes, contemporaries.
Classical Liberalism, Social Liberalism, Contemporary Liberalism (American, German, other)
Ideas and Ideologies
Conservatism – the highest value is given to loyalty, tradition, authority, order and stability.
Historical context: Reaction to revolutionary movement of the XVIII century Old class of aristocracy and royalty Contra: ReformPro: ancien regime “Change in order to conserve”
Ideas and Ideologies
Principles: Tradition Pragmatism Imperfection of human nature Hierarchy Authority Government
Ideas and Ideologies
Edmund Burke, Joseph de Maistre, contemporaries.
Classical Conservatism, New right, Neo-conservatism
Ideas and Ideologies
Socialism – the highest value is given to social community, justice, equality.
Historical context: Reaction to the industrialization New class of workersContra: CapitalismPro: Reform/revolution Common ownership
Ideas and Ideologies
Principles: Collectivism Social equality and justice Cooperation and brotherhood Monolithic society without classes Public property
Ideas and Ideologies
Karl Marx; Friedrich Engels; Vladimir Lenin; Leon Trotsky, contemporaries.
Marxism, Communism, Social democracy, New Left
Spectrum?!
Ideas and Ideologies
Radical (goal and means) political ideologies Anarchism
Fascism
Nazism
Religious fundamentalism
Q’s
Uses and misuses of Political Ideas and Ideologies?
Intellectual influences on Political leaders.
Influences on Political thinkers: family, mentors, jail… other?
Power and politics
Questions:
1. Power, its forms and resources;
2. Legitimacy, Legality, Authority;
3. Types of legitimate authority (Max Weber);
4. Distribution of power in society: Marxism, Elitism, Pluralism.
Power, The Concept
Power is social ability to control the (political) environment, including the behaviour of other persons.
Steven Lukes: one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional concept (decision making/result plus informal influences plus values; language; culture)
Power as Decision-making – A over B Power as Agenda setting – framing choices Power as “Thought control” – shaping needs or wants
Power, The Concept
Context of power relations!
Potential vs. real power!
Forms of Power
Coercion or hard power: military might, psychological abilities;
Authority: formal posts, social positions; Expert power: information, knowledge.
Soft power: charisma, attractiveness of culture and values;
SMART POWER!
Power resources
1. Economic;
2. Social;
3. Cultural/informational.
Cumulative effect!
Political power
1. Legal coercion;
2. Decision implementation;
3. Publicity;
4. Centrality of power;
5. Multidimensional power.
Power, Legitimacy, Legality, Authority…
Power refers to the ability to achieve certain ends.
Legitimacy is lawful and just exercise of power.
Legality is ruling based on law and procedures.
Authority refers to a claim of legitimacy, justification and right to exercise the power.