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On Reorganization of Government OfficesG.R. No. 78053; June 4, 1990

En Banc: Gutierrez, Jr. (J), 8 concur

Facts: After the February 1986 po !t!"a uphea#a , the po !t!"a ea$er%h!p $e"!$e$ to pro" a!&

the for&at!on of a re#o ut!onary 'o#ern&ent hea$e$ by (re%!$ent )ora*on ). A+u!no.&&e$!ate y after the (re%!$ent -a% %-orn !nto off!"e, %he !%%ue$ (ro" a&at!on No. 1$e" ar!n' a% po !"y the reor'an!*at!on of the 'o#ern&ent. hereafter, the (re%!$ent !%%ue$/ e"ut!#e r$er% $!re"t!n' the reor'an!*at!on of #ar!ou% $!fferent $epart&ent% of the'o#ern&ent -h!"h affe"te$ the!r e&p oyee%, a&on' tho%e affe"te$ -a% Fran"!%"o 2en$o*a.

(et!t!oner 2en$o*a -a% the "hoo % !#!%!on uper!nten$ent of ur!'ao )!ty -ho -a%reappo!nte$ by re%pon$ent u!%u&b!n' a% %u"h -!th a per&anent %tatu%. e ha% %er#e$ the

epart&ent of /$u"at!on for forty t-o 4: year%, &o#!n' up the ran

he 'rant of author!ty, ho-e#er, -a% a""o&pan!e$ by 'u!$e !ne% an$ !&!tat!on%. t -a% ne#er!nten$e$ that $epart&ent an$ a'en"y hea$% -ou $ be #e%te$ -!th untra&&e e$ an$ auto&at!"author!ty to $!%&!%% the &! !on% of 'o#ern&ent -or

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movement o" ve$$e an% a!rcra"t, !mportat!on an% e portat!on o" e6u!pment, mater!a $an% $upp !e$.

#et!t!oner$ ar)ue%, inter alia , that the *+( v!o ate$ 25, (rt!c e * o" the 1987:on$t!tut!on, h!ch prov!%e$ that ; foreign military bases, troops, or facilities shall not be

allowed in the Philippines except under a treaty duly concurred in by the Senate . . . and recognized as a treaty by the other contracting State.

II. THE ISSUE

b- the treaty mu$t be du y c!ncurred "n #y t$e Senate an%, hen $ore6u!re% by con)re$$, rat!"!e% by a ma4or!ty o" the vote$ ca$t by the peop e !n a nat!onare"eren%um> an% c- rec!%n"&ed a' a treaty by the other contract!n) $tate.

There !$ no %!$pute a$ to the pre$ence o" the "!r$t t o re6u!$!te$ !n the ca$e o" the*+(. The concurrence han%e% by the 'enate throu)h Re$o ut!on No. 18 !$ !n

accor%ance !th the prov!$!on$ o" the :on$t!tut!on . . . the prov!$!on !n ?!n 25, (rt!c e* @ re6u!r!n) rat!"!cat!on by a ma4or!ty o" the vote$ ca$t !n a nat!ona re"eren%um be!n)unnece$$ary $!nce :on)re$$ ha$ not re6u!re% !t.

Th!$ :ourt !$ o" the "!rm v!e that the phra$e recognized as a treaty mean$that the other contract!n) party acce!ts or ac"no#ledges the a)reement a$ a treaty.To re6u!re the other contract!n) $tate, the &n!te% 'tate$ o" (mer!ca !n th!$ ca$e, to$ubm!t the *+( to the &n!te% 'tate$ 'enate "or concurrence pur$uant to !t$ :on$t!tut!on,!$ to accor% $tr!ct mean!n) to the phra$e.

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b!n%!n) a$ a treaty. To be $ure, a$ on) a$ the *+( po$$e$$e$ the e ement$ o" ana)reement un%er !nternat!ona a , the $a!% a)reement !$ to be ta en e6ua y a$ atreaty.

The recor%$ revea that the &n!te% 'tate$ Government, throu)h (mba$$a%orThoma$ :. Cubbar%, ha$ $tate% that the &n!te% 'tate$ )overnment ha$ "u y comm!tte%to !v!n) up to the term$ o" the *+(. +or a$ on) a$ the &n!te% 'tate$ o" (mer!ca accept$or ac no e%)e$ the *+( a$ a treaty, an% b!n%$ !t$e " "urther to comp y !th !t$ob !)at!on$ un%er the treaty, there !$ !n%ee% mar e% comp !ance !th the man%ate o" the:on$t!tut!on.