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PoliceManagement

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Styles of Policing

watchman stylelegalistic styleservice style

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Watchman Style:order maintenancecontrolling illegal and

disruptive behaviorconsiderable use of

discretion

Styles of Policing

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Styles of Policing

Legalistic Style:

committed to enforcing

the letter of the law

laissez-faire policing

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Styles of Policing

Service Style:reflect the needs of

the communitywork with social services

and assist communities in solving problems

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Police-Community Relations

1960 s A new style of

service oriented

policing emerged.

Public-relations

officers are appointed to

Neighborhood Watch

programs, drug-awareness

workshops, etc.

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strategic policing

problem-solving

policing

community-oriented

policing

Police-Community Relations

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Contemporary Policing

The Individual Officer

Considerable discretion based on

many factors including:

background of the officer

characteristics of the suspect

department policy

community interest

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Issues and Challenges

police stress

on the job dangers

use of deadly force

public expectations surrounding the enforcement of laws

societal change

Contemporary Policing

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Police PersonalityJerome SkolnickJustice without Trial (1966)Process of informal socializationthat includes six recognizablecharacteristics:

conservativecynicalhostile

authoritarian

suspicious

individualistic

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Police CultureWilliam Westly (1953)

Police have theirown:

customs laws morality

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Working Personality

All aspects of the traditional

values and patterns of

behavior evidenced by police

officers who have been

effectively socialized into the

police subculture.

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Working Personality

Characteristics of

the police personality

often extend to the

personal lives of law

enforcement officers.

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Corruption and Integrity

Power, authority, and

discretion

produce great

potential for

abuse.

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Corruption is the abuse

of police authority for

personal or

organizational

gain.

Corruption and Integrity

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Corruption

Grass Eaters:

most common form of corruption

illegitimate activity which occurs

from time to time in the normal

course of police work

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Grass EatersGratuities Playing Favorites

not giving a friend a ticket

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Minor Bribes

Intentional Speeding

Grass Eaters

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Corruption

more serious form of

corruption

active seeking of illicit money-

making opportunities by

officers

Meat Eaters:

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Role

Malfeasance

Major Bribes

Meat Eaters

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Meat Eatersprotecting corrupt cops

property crimes committed by

police

burglary

theft

criminal enterprises

resale of confiscated drugs

resale of stolen property

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Meat Eatersdenying civil rights

specific acts prevent due

process

violent crimes committed by

police

physical abuse of suspects

nonjustifiable homicide

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Integrity Promoting police integrity by:

integrating police ethicstraining into programs

conducting research in thearea of ethics

studying departments that aremodels in the area of policeethics

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Drug Testing of Police Employees

National Institute of Justice - 1986

33 large police departments weresampled.Almost all departments had

written procedures to testemployees who werereasonably suspectedof drug abuse.

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73 % of the departments were

testing recruits.

21 % were considering testing

all officers.

Drug Testing of Police Employees

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Dangers in Police Work

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Risk of Disease

AIDS

Hepatitis B

Tuberculosis

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Possible Ways of Transmissionfrom breath alcohol instrumentshandling evidence of all typeshandling implements such as

staplesemergency delivery of a babyrisk of bite attacks by infected

individualsbody removal

Risk of Disease

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Stressnormal component

of police work

ranks among top ten stress

producing jobs in United

States

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Serious stress

over long

periods can be

destructive and

life threatening.

Stress

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Four Typesexternal

organizational

personal

operational

Stress

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Stress: ExternalReal dangers when

answering calls:

fights in progresspossible gun playhostage situationshigh speed car chases

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Stress: Organizational

generated by factorslike paperwork,training requirements,and testifying in court

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Stress: Personal

interpersonal relationships among officers

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Stress: Operational

impact of theneed to combattragedies

of daily urbanlife

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Stress/Frustration

Reality is farfrom ideal.

An arrest maynot lead toconviction.

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Evidence may not beadmissible.Jury may acquit.Sentences may not

be long enough.

Stress/Frustration

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Police becomefrustrated bythe inability tobe effective, regardless of theamount of personaleffort they put forth.

Stress/Frustration

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The suicide rate for

police officers is twice

that of the

general

population.

Stress/Frustration

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1983 Lawsuits

Title 42, Section 1983passed by Congress in 1871allows for civil suits to be

brought against anyone[including police] for denyingothers their constitutionalrights to life, liberty orproperty without due process

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Police Use of Force

use of physical restraintby a police officerwhen dealing with a member of the public

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Imminent Danger Standard

restricts the use of deadly

force to ONLY those

situations where the lives

of agents or others are in

danger