Poder 10g New Features

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1/32Tanel Põder NYOUG 2004

Oracle 10g Database Engine

New Features For Techies

Tanel Põder

independent consultant

http://integrid.info

24-Mar-04

NYOUG General Meeting

March 2004




Introduction & About

What¶s behind the 10g buzzwords

Manageability enhancements

Performance tuning enhancements Exp/imp with Data Pump

Parameters, views

SQL and PL /SQL

Recovery and Flashback Wrap-up

Questions

Agenda




Introduction & About

Name: Tanel Põder

Experience: 7 years as Oracle DBA

Occupation: independent consultant

Company: integrid.info Other: Europe, Middle-East & Africa Oracle

User Group BoD member

Oracle Certified Master DBA More information and presentations:





Simplicity vs Flexibility

Automatic statistics gathering

Advisories

Automatic tuning

Less than 30 basic (init.ora) parameters± Basic, advanced, hidden parameters

Easier operations

± alter tablespace rename

± flashback queries

± ³undrop´ table

± etc..




Manageability

SGA_TARGET

± Sets total size for all SGA components

± Buffer Cache, Shared Pool, Large Pool, Java Pool

± Dynamically and automatically adjustable± Automatic changes persist in SPFILE

PGA_AGGREGATE _TARGET

± Available since 9i

± Sets total size target for all server processes± sort_area_size, sort_area_retained_size,

hash_area_size, bitmap_merge_area_size

± Contents automatically managed




Basic ParametersCOMPATIBLE

CONTROL _FILES

DB_BLOCK _SIZE

DB_CREATE _FILE _DEST

DB_CREATE _ONLINE _LOG_DEST

DB_DOMAIN

DB_NAME

DB_RECOVERY_FILE _DEST

DB_RECOVERY_FILE _DEST_SIZE

INSTANCE _NUMBER

JOB_QUEUE _PROCESSES

LOG_ARCHIVE _DEST_n

LOG_ARCHIVE _DEST_STATE _n

NLS _LANGUAGE

NLS _TERRITORY

OPEN_CURSORS

PROCESSES

REMOTE _LISTENER

REMOTE _LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE

ROLLBACK _SEGMENTS

SESSIONS

SHARED_SERVERS

STAR _TRANSFORMATION_ENABLED

UNDO_MANAGEMENT

UNDO_TABLESPACE




Manageability

SYSAUX tablespace for system utilitiesModule Tablespace

SYS objects SYSTEM (includes AUD$and FGA_LOG$ tables)

Oracle Data Mining ODMOEM Repository OEM_REPOSITORY

Oracle OLAP CWMLITE

Oracle interMedia SYSTEM

Oracle Spatial SYSTEM

Oracle UltraSearch D

RSY

S

RMAN Recovery Catalog TOOLS

Sample Schemas Example

Workspace Manager SYSTEM

Oracle XML DB XDB_RESINFO

Auto. Workload Repository New in 10g

SYSAUX




Online Operations

Some functionality there already in 8i, 9i

± Online index build, rebuild

± Online index organized table rebuild

± Analyze/validate structure online Online table redefinition

± dbms_redefinition package starting from 9i

± change table physical structure online

± allows adding, changing, removing columnsonline

Rolling database upgrade

± Requires Logical Standby database




Online Segment Shrink

Can be recommended by Segment Advisor

alter table enable row movement;

alter table t1 shrink space cascade;

TABLE HEADER 01010101

110110101100110100001101 10111101

1100110110101111111011010000110110111101

High Water Mark

TABLE HEADER 11001101

00001101

11001101101011111110110100001101

11001101101011111110110100001101

High Water Mark Free Space

Free Space




Rename Tablespace

Useful in Transportable Tablespacescenarios

ALTER TABLESPACE prod RENAME to arc1;

± Can¶t rename SYSTEM or SYSAUX± Tablespace and all datafiles must be online

± Can also rename READ ONLY tablespaces

PR OD ARC1




Temporary Tablespace Groups

Can create several temporary tablespacesand assign them to a tablespace group

Can assign the tablespace group as users

temporary tablespace Parallel Query and Parallel execution slaves

can spread temporary segments ondifferent tablespaces

± alter tablespace temp1 tabl espac e group t ;± create temporary tablespace temp2 tempfile

'temp2_01.dbf' size 100m tabl espac e group t ;

± alter tablespace temp1 tablespace group '';




Bigfile Tablespaces

Support for sizes up to 8 Exabytes!

± 8 000 000 Terabytes

± Max 65535 files in database

± SYSTEM & SYSAUX can¶t be bigfile tablespaces

CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE bigtbs

DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/data/bigtbs01.dbfµSIZE 50G EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;

8 000 000 000 000 000 000 bytes




Who Needs This?!

Who could possibly outgrow previousdatabase size limits?

9i limits 65534 files per database

222

-1=4,194,303 blocks per datafile 32kB max blocksize (not on all platforms)

Total max size of 9i database:

± 65534*4194303*32 kB§8055 TB§8 P etabyt es!

± 38000*4194303*16 kB§2.5 P etabyt es!

± Practical size limit in reality is even smaller

CERN in Switzerland: 5-8 PB data per year




Crossplatform Transportable TSRMAN> CONVERT TABLESPACE sales_1,sales_2

2> TO PLATFORM ¶Microsoft Windows NT¶

3> FORMAT ¶/temp/%U¶;

...

Transporting Tablespaces Between Databasesinput datafile fno=00004name=/u01/oracle/oradata/salesdb/sales_101.dbf

converted datafile=/temp/data_D-10_I-3295731590_TS-EXAMPLE_FNO-4_06ek24vl

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversioncomplete, elapsed time: 00:00:45




Data Pump

A server-managed data transportation tool

Direct load/extract capabilities

Very high performance/efficient with large

data sets Replacement for exp/imp

± old exp/imp remain supported

PR ODData

Warehouse

Data Pump

DataPumpClient

Data Pump

DataPumpClient




Data Pump

Commands expdp/impdp

Can use files or direct network transfer

Dynamic configuration, resumable

operations Client can detach and reconnect

Can be parallelized using PARALLEL± Even loads to/from external text files

± Parallelization level can be changed on the flyfor long running jobs

Monitored through DBA_DATAPUMP_JOBS




Data Pump Options

Fine-Grained Object Selection

± exclude=function

± exclude=procedure

± exclude=package:´like µPAYROLL%¶ ´ ± include=table

± content=metadata_only | data_only | both

± query=³modify_date > sysdate-1´

DDL Transformations, DDL extract table_exists_action

± skip, append, truncate, replace




FlashBack Database

Flash Recovery Area must be configured

± Flashback logs are stored there

± Consisting of old database block images

± Fast ³rollback´ of database, no redologsrequired

DB FlashbackLog

ServerProcess

ServerProcessServer

Process




FlashBack Options

Flashback Query:

exec dbms_flashback.enable_at_time(«);

select * from table;

exec dbms_flashback.disable; select * from table AS OF timestamp µ«¶;

Flashback Table:

FLASHBACK TABLE t1 TO SCN 12345; FLASHBACK TABLE t1 TO TIMESTAMP

'2003-03-03 12:05:00';




Flashback Row HistorySELECT versions_xid XID, versions_startscn START_SCN,

versions_endscn END_SCN, versions_operation OPERATION,

empname, salary FROM hr.employees_demo

VERSIONS BETWEEN SCN MINVALUE AND MAXVALUE

where empno = 111;XID START_SCN END_SCN OPERATION EMPNAME SALARY

--- --------- ------- --------- ------- ------

0004000700000058 113855 I Tom 927

000200030000002D 113564 D Mike 555

000200030000002E 112670 113564 I Mike 555

3 rows selected

Useful for auditing




Flashback Transaction Historyselect xid, start_scn, commit_scn, operation,

undo_sql, table_name

from dba_transaction_q uery where xid = ¶000200030000002D¶;

XID START_SCN COMMIT_SCN OPERATION UNDO_SQL

--- --------- ---------- --------- -------------------------

000200030000002D 112670 113565 D insert into "SCOTT"."EMP"

("EMPNO","EMPNAME","SALARY") values ('111','Mike','655')

000200030000002D 112670 113565 I delete from "SCOTT"."DEPT"

where "DEPTNO" = '20' and "DEPTNAME" = 'Finance'

000200030000002D 112670 113565 D update ³SCOTT´.´EMP´set ³SALARY´ = µ555¶ where ³EMPNO´ = µ111¶ and ´EMPNAME´ =

µMike¶ and ³SALARY´

= µ655¶

3 rows selected




Table Recovery using Flashback

DROP TABLE X;

± Table is renamed internally, not dropped

± Indexes & other structures remain

± Table is purged when out of free space or quota SELECT * FROM RECYCLEBIN;

± Systemwide recyclebin DBA_RECYCLEBIN

± Or show recyclebin command in sqlplus

FLASHBACK TABLE RB$$3560$TABLE$1TO BEFORE DROP RENAME TO scott.emp;

PURGE RECYCLEBIN;

DROP TABLE X PURGE;




Performance Tuning

RBO is dead, long live the CBO!± Even data dictionary, SYS tables using CBO

± However, RBO is gone nowhere, it¶s available

Optimizer able to use run-time statistics± exec dbms_stats.gather_system_statistics(«)

± OPTIMIZER _DYNAMIC _SAMPLING (default: 2)

Multiple Advisors± SQL Access & Tuning Advisor

± Memory Advisors (SGA, Shared Pool, etc..)

± Segment Advisor (Fragmentation, etc..)

± Undo Advisor




Advisor Information

DBA_ADVISOR _FINDINGS

DBA_ADVISOR _RECOMMENDATIONS

DBA_ADVISOR _RATIONALE

And many more« All the information is accessible through

DBA_ and V$ data dictionary views

The reasons and rationale behindrecommendations can be seen




Performance Troubleshooting

Automatic Workload Repository

± Runtime execution statistics are gathered inmemory

± MMON background process flushes stats to disk

V$SQL _BIND_CAPTURE

± Samples bind variables for all sessions

± Faster than sql_trace (10046 trace on level 4)

± But doesn¶t capture all variable types± And doesn¶t capture occurences of bindings

_cursor_bind_capture_interval defaults to 900 seconds

± Good for getting samples of database operations




Performance Troubleshooting (2)

Event, P1, P2, P3 columns in V$SESSIONfor quick diagnosis± the same information that in V$SESSION_WAIT

dbms_monitor package± set tracing and statistics gathering in sessions

based on sessionid, client_id, module and actionattributes

± RAC aware, monitoring remains active until

explicitly disabled t r c sess tool for gathering sessions SQL from

in shared server environment± Sql trace (10046) reports module, action,

client_id information to trace file




Improved Timing and Statistics

Old methods

± V$SESSION_EVENT, V$SYSTEM_EVENT

± V$SYSSTAT, V$SESSTAT, V$FILESTAT,

± Contained cumulative information since startup New opportunities

± V$EVENTMETRIC, V$SESSMETRIC,V$SYSMETRIC, V$FILEMETRIC

± V$SYSMETRIC _HISTORY,V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY

± Contain same statistics, but sampled overinterval, also history views




SQLPLUS Changes

Improvements

SPOOL CREATE | REPLACE | APPEND± also works for SAVE command

SHOW RECYCLE BIN

SQLPROMPT runtime variable substitution± SET SQLPROMPT "_USER'@'_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER >"

glogin.sql and login.sql scripts are executedalso on CONNECT

Deimprovements

No graphical sqlplusw.exe in Windows

COPY command deprecated




Other

dbms_scheduler

± calendar Expressions: Yearly, Monthly, Weekly,Daily, Hourly, Minutely, Secondely

alter system flush buffer_cache; drop database;

± database must be closed

± mounted exclusively

± restricted default user tablespace

± specifies default tablespace for new users,similar to default temporary tablespace in 9i




Conclusion

This was probably < 1% of all new features

Lot¶s of new features = lot¶s of new bugs

Automatic for small to medium systems

Big & heavily loaded systems still need care




Oracle 10g Database Engine

New Features For TechiesTanel Põder

Thank you!


[email protected]

integrid.info

Poder 10g New Features

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