PRESENTED TO : MAM FAKEEHA

CREATED BY : NAZISH KHALID

Table of contents Gantt charts Pert chart Critical path method Critical chain scheduling Reality Checks on Scheduling Words of Caution on Using Project

Management Software

Gantt chartIntroduction invented Henry Gantt in 1910. Since the invention, Gantt

chart has come a long way. A type of a bar chart used for illustrating project schedules. can be used in any projects that involve effort, resources,

milestones and deliveries. Allow project managers to track the progress of the entire

project. Can keep a track of the individual tasks as well as of the

overall project progression. Can also be used for tracking the utilization of the resources

in the project. These resources can be human resources as well as materials used.

The Use of Gantt chart

for project management purposes First of all, the project should have a sufficiently

detailed Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). Secondly, the project should have identified its

milestones and deliveries. Gantt charts can be successfully used in projects of

any scale. When using Gantt charts for large projects, there can be an increased complexity when tracking the tasks.

This problem of complexity can be successfully overcome by using computer software packages designed for offering Gantt chart functionalities.

Tools Available of Gantt chart Dozens of Gantt chart tools can be used for successful

project tracking. These tools usually vary by the feature offered.

The simplest kind of Gantt chart can be created using a software tool such as Microsoft Excel.

If the project is small scale and does not involve many parallel tasks, a spreadsheet based Gantt chart can be the most effective type.

Microsoft Project is one of the key Gantt chart tools used today.

There are many other Gantt chart tools available for free and for price.

Program Evaluation and Review Technique

Introduction Before any activity begins related to the work of a project,

every project requires an advanced, accurate time estimate. Without an accurate estimate, no project can be completed within the budget and the target completion date.

Developing an estimate is a complex task. If the project is large and has many stakeholders, things can be more complex.

PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) is one of the successful and proven methods among the many other techniques, such as, CPM, Function Point Counting, Top-Down Estimating, WAVE, etc.

PERT was created by the US Navy in the late 1950s.

The PERT Basics

PERT is all about management probabilities. Therefore, PERT involves in many simple statistical methods as well.

Sometimes, people categorize and put PERT and CPM together. Although CPM (Critical Path Method) shares some characteristics with PERT, PERT has a different focus.

Same as most of other estimation techniques, PERT also breaks down the tasks into detailed activities.

In this map, a node represents each event. The activities are represented as arrows and they are drawn from one event to another, based on the sequence.

The Three Chances of PERT1. Optimistic Time Estimate (TOPT) This is the fastest time an activity can be completed. For this, the

assumption is made that all the necessary resources are available and all predecessor activities are completed as planned.

2. Most Likely Time Estimate (TLIKELY),Most of the times, project managers are asked only to submit one estimate. In that case, this is the estimate that goes to the upper management.

3. Pessimistic Time Estimate (TPESS)This is the maximum time required to complete an activity. In this case, it is assumed that many things go wrong related to the activity. A lot of rework and resource unavailability are assumed when this estimation is derived.

The PERT Mathematics

BETA probability distribution is what works behind PERT. The expected completion time (E) is calculated as below:

E = (TOPT + 4 x TLIEKLY + TPESS) / 6

How to make PERT & CPM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdR

ZN5o08eM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6-b

b9oDsSA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os1

XRKt8ABA

Critical Path Method

Introduction Critical path is the sequential activities from start

to the end of a project helps to find out the shortest path or critical path to

complete the project successfully. If there is a delay in any of the activities under the

critical path, there will be a delay of the project deliverables.

based on mathematical calculations and it is used for scheduling project activities.

This method was first introduced in 1950s.

Key Steps in Critical Path Method

Step 1: Activity specification Step 2: Activity sequence establishment Step 3: Network diagram Step 4: Estimates for each activity Step 5: Identification of the critical path Step 6: Critical path diagram to show project

progresses

Critical Chain Scheduling (CCS)

Critical chain scheduling is a method of scheduling that takes limited resources into account when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date.

Critical chain scheduling assumes resources do not multitask because it often delays task completions and increases total durations

Multitasking Example

Buffers and Critical Chain A buffer is additional time to complete a task Parkinson’s Law states that work expands to fill the

time allowed. In traditional estimates, people often add a buffer and use it if it’s needed or not

Critical chain schedule removes buffers from individual tasks and instead creates A project buffer, which is additional time added

before the project’s due date Feeding buffers, which are addition time added

before tasks on the critical path

Example of Critical Chain Scheduling

Reality Checks on Scheduling Should have realistic schedule goals Review the schedule Preparation of detailed schedule Seeking stakeholders’ approval Don’t plan for everyone to work at 100% capacity all the

time Alert top management well in advance if there are

schedule problems Involvement and commitment from all team members,

top management, the customer, and other key stakeholders Progress meetings with stakeholders

Working With People Issues Strong leadership helps projects succeed more than

good PERT charts Project managers should use:

Empowerment Incentives Discipline Negotiation

Using Software to Assist in Time Management

Software for facilitating communications helps people exchange schedule-related information

Decision support models help analyze trade-offs that can be made

Project management software can help in various time management areas

Words of Caution on Using Project Management Software

Many people misuse project management software because they don’t understand important concepts and have not had good training

You must enter dependencies to have dates adjust automatically and to determine the critical path

You must enter actual schedule information to compare planned and actual progress

References http://www.tutorialspoint.com/software_engineering/software

_project_management.htm https://sites.google.com/a/gctstudents.com/home/technical-p

aper/production-engineering/critical-path-analysis http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Pr-Sa/Pr

ogram-Evaluation-and-Review-Technique-and-Critical-Path-Method.html

https://www.passionatepm.com/blog/critical-path-versus-critical-chain-pmp-concept-17