PLS 2015: Lumen maintenance testing of outdoor lighting installations
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Transcript of PLS 2015: Lumen maintenance testing of outdoor lighting installations
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Lumen Maintenance Testing of Outdoor Lighting
Installations
Dr Gareth John, Technical Director, Photometric & Optical Testing
ILP Lighting Summit, 24th of September 2015
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Maintenance Factor• Need for maintenance-• The luminance/illuminance initially provided by a lighting installation will
decrease gradually throughout the life of the installation. • “Ratio of the average luminance/illuminance on the working plane after a certain
period of use of a lighting installation to the average luminance/illuminance obtained under the same conditions for the installation considered conventionally as new.” CIE Technical Report 154, “Maintenance of Outdoor Lighting Systems. • Degradation is down to a combination of lamp depreciation, lamp failure and
accumulated dirt.
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Maintenance FactorMF = LLMF x LSF x LMF (x SMF)*
where LLMF = the lamp lumen maintenance factor; LSF = the lamp survival factor;
LMF = the luminaire maintenance factor; and where appropriate (e.g. pedestrian subways):
SMF = the surface maintenance factor.
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Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factor
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Lamp Survival Factor
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Luminaire Maintenance Factors
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Maintenance Factor and LEDs
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Measurement of Maintenance Factor
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TR28- Measurement of Road Lighting Performance on site
• Based upon BS EN 13201-4, “Road Lighting, Methods of Measuring Lighting Performance• A practical guide to
onsite measurements with calibrated photometers
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TR28- Measurement of Road Lighting Performance on site
• A random sample of sites are checked, ideally once a month• Multipoint measurement across a grid on the roadway• Checked against software simulation
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TR28- Measurement of Road Lighting Performance on site
• Measurement conditions (from 13201-4:) • The luminaire output should be
stable• The effect of climate upon
measurement results must be considered• [Extraneous light and sources of
obstruction (parked cars, trees) must be eliminated as far as possible.
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TR28- Measurement of Road Lighting Performance on site
(Obstructions)
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TR28- Measurement of Road Lighting Performance on site
(Photometer)
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TR28- Measurement of Road Lighting Performance on site
(Uncertainties)• Ambient temperature- 25°C or 15°C?• Moonlight- up to 0.3 lux• Cloud cover• Extraneous Light• Luminous Intensity Distribution and angular errors• Photometer- TR28 states ~6% at best
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TR28- Luminous Intensity Distribution
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TR28- Measurement of Road Lighting Performance on site
(Uncertainties)• What can be controlled or eliminated?• Variation in lamp type • Variation in supply voltage• Variation in lamp mounting and tilt• Accuracy of light meters
• What can’t be accurately controlled:• Access to area • Climate conditions• Obstructions• Extraneous light • Reflections from roadway
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CSS Street Lighting Project 2007: Review of Maintenance
Factors• Published in 2008• Collaboration between the County Surveyors’
Society and the lighting industry• Carried out in order to assess if maintenance
factors were accurate
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CSS Street Lighting Project 2007: Review of Maintenance
Factors• Sites selected at random
with at least two luminaires from each site• Testing for total lumen
output, carried out in a photometric laboratory• Luminaires tested for
light output before and after cleaning
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Laboratory Testing of Luminaire Maintenance
• Uncertainties:• Environmental conditions- temperature can be controlled to within ±0.5°C and
wind speed to within ±0.2 m/s• Moonlight- not applicable• Cloud cover- not applicable• Extraneous Light- not applicable• Luminous Intensity Distribution and angular errors- not applicable because the
light distribution is integrated• Use of spectroradiometer means light measurement errors are >2%• Input voltage can be controlled to an accuracy of ±0.1 V
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Laboratory Testing of Luminaire Maintenance
• Benefits-
• Elimination of unknown factors • Repeatable • Much lower level of uncertainty
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