Plot and Spatial Scale Data Available for the Brazilian Amazon

Plot and Spatial Scale Data

Available for the Brazilian Amazon

Plot and Spatial Scale Data

Available for the Brazilian Amazon

WORKSHOP 1Carbon Benefits Project

Nairobi, May 2009

http://www.esalq.usp.br/

Amazon Region

Amazon: brief characterization

• 9 countries

• 7 million km2

• 6% of the Earth’s land surface

• ~ 50% world's undisturbed tropical evergreen forest

70% within Brazil

Brazilian Amazon5 million km2


Brazilian Amazon 5,000,000 km2


Deforested Area

650,000 km2


Pasture Area

250,000 km2


Most common land uses

NATURALSYSTEMS

AGRICULTURE

RiceSoybeanCottonCorn

Sugarcane

Reforestationwith native sp. and exotic sp.

SUCCESSION

FallowMiletCornCottonSorgunSoybeanRiceSunflowerAgriculture/ Agriculture/ livestocklivestock

PASTURE

Economical impraticableness

Others

FOREST

CERRADO

CerradãoCerradoCerradinhoCampo sujoCampo limpo

Restoration

PASTURE

I. The agriculture expansion

Research themes

I. Agriculture expansion in Southwestern Amazon:

1. GHG emissions

2. Soil consequences

II. Nova Vida Ranch (plot scale)

Research themes

I. Agriculture expansion in Southwestern Amazon :

1. GHG emissions


II. Nova Vida Ranch


45%

ForestDense CerradoCerradoSavanna

Slash Burn Pasture Agriculture Management

NN22OOCOCO22 CHCH44

Main cultureSoybean RiceCotton Maize

SuccessionFallowMillet SorgumPasture/crop

In soil:Organic matter dynamic

C and N stocks

Functional diversity

Structure

Agregation

13C

Social and economic consequencesConventional

Conservative

22

Population

Income distribution

Eduaction

Health

Sanitation

http://www.clipsahoy.com/webgraphics/as0124.htm

Research themes

I. Agriculture expansion in Southwestern Amazon :

1. GHG emissions


II. Nova Vida Ranch

IPCC 2006


Study area stratification

Ecoregions

Soil Reference Carbon

Agricultura convencional

Pastagem Agricultura conservacionista

Reference C

TEMPO

Seq. C

Consist a georeferenced soil profile data base

• Radam Brasil

• Zoneamentos Sócio Econômico Ecológico dos Estados de Mato Grosso e Rondônia

Georeferenced Database

RADAM

ZSEE-RO

ZSEE-MT

1005 SOIL PROFILES

3277 SOIL PROFILES

919 SOIL PROFILES


5201 PROFILES

• Chemical attributes(macro e micronutrients, pH)

• Physical attributes(porosity, texture)

• Morphological attributes(horizons, clay type)


RADAM

ZSEE-RO

ZSEE-MT

1005 SOIL PROFILES

3277 SOIL PROFILES

919 SOIL PROFILES


5201 PROFILES

GIS

GIS Integration

Scale Maps 1:250.000

GIS Integration

Scale Maps 1:250.000SOC stocks under native vegetation (“reference C”)

0-30cm

GIS Integration

SOC stocks under native vegetation (“reference C”)

0-100cm


Pastagem Agricultura conservacionista

Reference C

TEMPO

Seq. C


C stocks dynamics


(Tillage)Pasture

Agricultura conservacionista

(No tillage)

Reference C

TIME

C seq.


C stocks dynamics

How to do:

Reference C Land Use data Emission Factors

Uncertainty analysis

soil C stocks inventory for 1970, 1985, 1995 e 2005

Estimating the Soil Carbon Stocks Changes

Amazon

AC

AM

TO

RO

AP

RR

PA

MA

MTCENSUS:

Boletins

Digital

• Scale: cities• Years: 1940, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 85, 95

• Total: 170 boletins

• Areas (ha): - Pasture - Crops - Native veg.

Land Use data


CENSUS: Agricultural production

Period: 1990-2008

Counties: ~ 970

Crops: 62

Planted area (ha)

Importante: crop expansions in the Brazilian Amazon

722,000

BRAZILIAN AMAZON

How to do:

Reference C Land Use data Emission Factors

Uncertainty analysis

soil C stocks inventory for 1970, 1985, 1995 e 2005


Group land use data by Ecoregions


Vila RicaGuarantã do Norte

São José do Xingu

Rib. Cascalheira

Água Boa

Novo São Joaquim

Itiquira

Cáceres

Porto Esperidião

Várzea Grande

Pontes e Lacerda

Sapezal

Barão de Melgaço

Conquista do Oeste

Pimenteiras do Oeste

Sta. Luzia do Oeste

Ariquemes

Rio Crespo

Sorriso

Itaúba

Nova Monte Verde

Theobroma

Soil carbon emission factors


Soil sampling

0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 70-80, 90-100 cm

0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm

100 m

100 m 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 70-80, 90-100 cm

0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm

0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 70-80, 90-100 cm

0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm

100 m

100 m

About 2000 soil samples

Most common land uses

NATURALSYSTEMS

AGRICULTURE

RiceSoybeanCottonCorn

Sugarcane

Reforestationwith native sp. and exotic sp.

SUCCESSION

FallowMiletCornCottonSorgunSoybeanRiceSunflowerAgriculture/ Agriculture/ livestocklivestock

PASTURE

Economical impraticableness

Others

FOREST

CERRADO

CerradãoCerradoCerradinhoCampo sujoCampo limpo

Restoration

PASTURE


-Emission factors

-Grassland and Cropland emission factors- 50 paired comparisons studies about cropland effect- 63 paired comparisons studies about grassland effect

Available data

Native vegetation

Cropland

Grassland

Scale Map 1:250.000

Proportion (%) of total area for each land-use category in Mato Grosso and Rondônia states in the years 1970, 1985 and 2002 Mato Grosso Rondônia Land-use categories

1970 1985 2002 1970 1985 2002 NT- high input- Cerrado 0.1 FT- high input- Cerrado 0.02 0.04 0.02 NT- medium input- Cerrado 11.5 FT- medium input- Cerrado 1.3 5.0 1.7 NT- low input- Cerrado 3.1 FT- low input- Cerrado 0.8 3.8 0.5 PD - high input- Forest1 0.04 0.006 CC - high input- Forest 0.008 0.01 0.006 0.01 0.005 0.004 PD - medium input- Forest - 4.6 1.5 CC - medium input- Forest 0.5 1.9 0.7 4.6 9.7 1.1 PD - low input- Forest 1.3 1.3 CC - low input- Forest 0.3 1.4 0.2 6.3 12.8 0.9 Perennial crops 0.2 0.6 0.2 5.1 12.1 4.0 Nominal grasslands 80.0 40.7 13.7 76.3 54.1 24.7 Degradaded grasslands 15.3 43.1 42.6 7.1 10.2 59.1 Improved grasslands 1.3 3.0 19.2 0.4 6.8 Settlements 0.06 0.15 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 Total area (103 ha) 10629.7 20335.6 29060.6 367.6 1775.5 5744.0

1 Forest includes Amazon Forest and Cerradão (high Cerrado) areas.

Emission Factors

Factors (±1SD) for management impacts on SOC stock in mineral soils in Rondônia and Mato Grosso Management practices Management factors

Tillage systems No tillage – Cerrado 1.08 ± 0.032 No tillage – Forest & Cerradão 1.01 ± 0.086 Full tillage 0.94 ± 0.021 Perennial cropping 0.98 ± 0.071 Grasslands Degraded 0.91 ± 0.07 Nominal – Oxisols 0.99 ± 0.043 Nominal – Other soils 1.24 ± 0.039 Improved – Oxisols 1.19 ± 0.036

Emission Factors

Research themes


1. GHG emissions



Soil aggregation


Soil aggregation


Under native vegetation Cultivated area

Soil diversity: live organisms


Agriculture Pasture

Natural vegetation

MacrofaunaMacrofauna

?

Soil diversity

I. Expansão da agricultura

Actinomicetos

ProtozoáriosBactériasFungos

Microbial biomass

C stocks on phytomass


The Project

Phytomass spatial distribution (Mg ha-1)

The Project

Cerrado (“savanna”)

Forest

http://images.google.com.br/imgres?imgurl=http://bellanaturatea.com/Herbal%2520ClipArt/Lemongrass03C.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bellanaturatea.com/catalog7.html&h=424&w=375&sz=56&hl=pt-BR&start=8&tbnid=NQXNhjVf6DAm7M:&tbnh=126&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dclipart%2Bgrass%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26lr%3D

The Project

The Project

Deforested area

ForestDense CerradoCerradoSavanna

Slash Burn Pasture Agriculture Management

NN22OOCOCO22 CHCH44

Main cultureSoybean RiceCotton Maize

SuccessionFallowMillet SorgumPasture/crop

In soil:Organic matter dynamic

C and N stocks

Functional diversity

Structure

Agregation

13C

Social and economic consequencesConventional

Conservative

22

Population

Income distribution

Eduaction

Health

Sanitation

http://www.clipsahoy.com/webgraphics/as0124.htm

Research themes


1. GHG emissions



pasture

forest

Nova Vida RanchAmazon

Rondônia State

Plot scale data (10 chronosequences)

Faz. Nova VidaState: Rondônia

Lat. 10º 30' Long. 62º 30'

Grass: B. briz, P. max

Temp: 24.4 oC Precip: 2270 mm

Soil texture: Medium

Soil type: Red Yellow Podzolic Latosol

Chronosequence:

Forest

Pastures: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 27, 41, 42, 81, 82, 88 years old

10 km

22,000 ha

Chronosequence I

Modelling soil data of the Nova Vida Chronosequence

Pasture created in 1989Pasture created in 1987Pasture created in 1983Pasture created in 1979Pasture created in 1972Pasture created in 1951Pasture created in 1911

Forest

Layer Bulk density C N H+Al K Ca Mg CTC Vmg/g soil Water KCl meq/100g %

0-10 1.04 ± 0.07 2.94 0.294 6.4 5.7 0.3 0.24 8.79 1.41 10.7 97 10-20 1.16 ± 0.11 1.55 0.154 6.2 5.3 0.3 0.06 4.92 0.75 6.0 95 20-30 1.14 ± 0.11 1.16 0.116 5.8 4.9 0.8 0.04 2.31 0.55 3.7 78 30-40 1.31 ± 0.01 1.07 0.102 5.4 4.6 1.6 0.03 1.86 0.60 4.1 61 40-50 1.24 ± 0.10 0.91 0.085 5.2 4.4 3.2 0.01 1.05 0.60 4.9 34 50-60 1.26 ± 0.07 0.79 0.072 5.2 4.4 3.6 0.00 0.75 0.65 5.0 28 60-70 0.73 0.066 5.2 4.4 2.8 0.00 1.15 0.75 4.7 41 70-80 0.57 0.050 5.4 4.5 1.8 0.00 0.55 0.65 3.0 40 80-90 1.01 ± 0.04 0.51 0.045 5.2 4.4 3.7 0.00 1.00 0.65 5.4 31 90-100 1.15 ± 0.21 0.49 0.043 5.1 4.3 5.0 0.00 0.35 0.45 5.8 14

g/cm³pH

Faz. Nova Vida

Forest Pasture establishment in 1911, 1951, 1972, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1989

Forest Pasture establishment in 1911, 1951, 1972, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1989

Plot and Spatial Scale Data Available for the Brazilian Amazon

Technology

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