PLC-final.ppt

8/9/2019 PLC-final.ppt

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B i PLC


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B i PLC


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Basic PLC

MICROCO

NTRO

LLER

Basic PLC


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Basic PLC

What are Inputs?

Switches and Pushbuttons

Sensing Devices

Liit Switches

Photoe!ect"ic Senso"s

P"o#iit$ Senso"s

%ondition Senso"s

P"essu"e Switches

Leve! Switches

&e'e"atu"e Switches

(acuu Switches

)!oat Switches

*ncode"s

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Basic PLC

What are Outputs?

(a!ves

+oto" Sta"te"s

So!enoids

,ctuato"s

%ont"o! -e!a$s

.o"ns / ,!a"s

Stac Lights

)ans

%ounte"&ota!ie"

Pu's

P"inte"s

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PLC

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

MOTOR

LAMP

CONTACTOR

PUSHBUTTONS

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&SPLC SYSTEM

P+PS PL% SS&*+

),S PL% SS&*+


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GENIOUS PROTOCOL

10/100 MB ETHERNET

Basic PLC


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I/O Module

The I/O interface section of a PLC connects it to

external field deices!

The "ain #$r#ose of the I/O interface is to condition the

ario$s si%nals receied fro" or sent to the external in#$t

and o$t#$t deices!

In#$t "od$les conerts si%nals fro" discrete or analo%

in#$t deices to lo%ic leels acce#ta&le to PLC's #rocessor!

O$t#$t "od$les conerts si%nal fro" the #rocessor to

leels ca#a&le of driin% the connected discrete or analo%o$t#$t deices!

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I/O Module

DC INPUT MODULE

OPTO-ISOLATOR

C$rrent

Li"itin%

Resistor

ROM

INPUT

DE!ICE

US( TO

)ROP TH(

*OLTA+( TO

LO+IC L(*(L

B$ffer,

-ilter,

h.steresis

Circ$its

TO

PROCESSOR

IS N(()() TOPreent olta%e

transients fro" da"a%in%

the #rocessor!Hel#s red$ce the effects

of electrical noise

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3"

I/O Module

DC / AC OUTPUT MODULE

OPTO-ISOLATOR

IS N(()() TOPreent olta%e

transients fro"

da"a%in% the

#rocessor!

Hel#s red$ce the

effects of electrical

noise

ROM

PROCESSORTTL

Circ$its

A"#lifier

R(LA0

TRIAC

1'SISTOR

TO

OUTPUT

DE!ICE

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I/O Ci#cui$s

DIERENT T%PES O I/O CIRCUITS

2! Pilot )$t. O$t#$ts

O$t#$ts of this t.#e t.#icall. are $sed to drie hi%h3c$rrent

electro"a%netic loads s$ch as solenoids, rela.s, ales, and

"otor starters!

These loads are hi%hl. ind$ctie and exhi&it a lar%e inr$sh

c$rrent!

Pilot d$t. o$t#$ts sho$ld &e ca#a&le of 4ithstandin% an

inr$sh c$rrent of 25 ti"es the rated load for a short #eriod ofti"e 4itho$t fail$re!

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I/O Ci#cui$s

6! +eneral 3 P$r#ose O$t#$ts

These are $s$all. lo43 olta%e and lo43c$rrent and are $sedto drie indicatin% li%hts and other non3ind$ctie loads! Noise

s$##ression "a. or "a. not &e incl$ded on this t.#es of

"od$les!

7! )iscrete In#$tsCirc$its of this t.#e are $sed to sense the stat$s of li"it

s4itches, #$sh &$ttons, and other discrete sensors! Noise

s$##ression is of %reat i"#ortance in #reentin% false

indication of in#$ts t$rnin% on or off &eca$se of noise!

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)iscrete In#$t

A discrete in#$t also referred as di%ital in#$t is an in#$t that is

either ON or O-- are connected to the PLC di%ital in#$t! In the

ON condition it is referred to as lo%ic 2 or a lo%ic hi%h and in theO-- condition "a.&e referred to as lo%ic o or lo%ic lo4!

o"a!!$ 'en Pushbutton

o"a!!$ %!osed Pushbutton

o"a!!$ 'en switch

o"a!!$ %!osed switch

o"a!!$ 'en contact

o"a!!$ c!osed contact

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3&

I/O Ci#cui$s

8! Analo% I/O

Circ$its of this t.#e sense or drie analo% si%nals!

Analo% in#$ts co"e fro" deices, s$ch as ther"oco$#les,

strain %a%es, or #ress$re sensors, that #roide a si%nal

olta%e or c$rrent that is deried fro" the #rocess aria&le!

Standard Analo% In#$t si%nals 8365"A9 5325*

Analo% o$t#$ts can &e $sed to drie deices s$ch as

olt"eters, 130 recorders, sero"otor dries, and ales

thro$%h the $se of transd$cers!

Standard Analo% O$t#$t si%nals 8365"A9 53:*9 5325*

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3'

I/O Ci#cui$s

:! S#ecial 3 P$r#ose I/O

Circ$its of this t.#e are $sed to interface PLCs to er. s#ecific

t.#es of circ$its s$ch as sero"otors, ste##in% "otors PI)

;#ro#ortional #l$s inte%ral #l$s deriatie< loo#s, hi%h3s#eed

#$lse co$ntin%, resoler and decoder in#$ts, "$lti#lexed

dis#la.s, and =e.&oards!

This "od$le allo4s for li"ited access to ti"er and co$nter

#resets and other PLC aria&les 4itho$t re>$irin% a #ro%ra"

loader!

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IN

PLC

A(alo)

I(*u$

ModuleTan=

Leel Trans"itter

An analo% in#$t is an in#$t si%nal that has a contin$o$s

si%nal! T.#ical in#$ts "a. ar. fro" 5 to 65"A, 8 to 65"Aor 5 to25*! Belo4, a leel trans"itter "onitors the leel of

li>$id in the tan=! )e#endin% on the leel Tx, the si%nal to the

PLC can either increase or decrease as the leel increases

or decreases!

A(alo) I(*u$

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Basic PLC


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OUT

PLC

A(alo)

Ou$*u$

Module

An analo% o$t#$t is an o$t#$t si%nal that has a contin$o$s

si%nal! T.#ical o$t#$ts "a. ar. fro" 5 to 65"A, 8 to 65"A

or 5 to25*!

Analo% O$t#$t

E P

P(eu+a$ic co($#ol ,al,e

Su**l- ai#

Elec$#ic $o *(eu+a$ic $#a(sduce#

" $o 1"!

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&"

PLC O*e#a$io(

Basic -$nction of a T.#ical PLC

Read all field in#$t deices ia the in#$t interfaces, exec$te

the $ser #ro%ra" stored in a##lication "e"or., then, &ased

on 4hateer control sche"e has &een #ro%ra""ed &. the

$ser, t$rn the field o$t#$t deices on or off, or #erfor"

4hateer control is necessar. for the #rocess a##lication!

This #rocess of se>$entiall. readin% the in#$ts, exec$tin%

the #ro%ra" in "e"or., and $#datin% the o$t#$ts is =no4n

as scannin%!

Basic PLC

Me+o#- Ma* O#)a(i.a$io(


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Me+o#- Ma* O#)a(i.a$io(

S%STEM

S.ste" "e"or. incl$des an area called the (1(CUTI*(,

co"#osed of #er"anentl.3stored #ro%ra"s that direct all s.ste"

actiities, s$ch as exec$tion of the $sers control #ro%ra",

co""$nication 4ith #eri#heral deices, and other s.ste"

actiities!The s.ste" "e"or. also contains the ro$tines that i"#le"ent

the PLC's instr$ction set, 4hich is co"#osed of s#ecific control

f$nctions s$ch as lo%ic, se>$encin%, ti"in%, co$ntin%, and

arith"etic!S.ste" "e"or. is %enerall. &$ilt fro" read3onl. "e"or.

deices!

APPLICATIONThe a##lication "e"or. is diided into the data ta&le area and

$ser #ro%ra" area!The data ta&le stores an. data associated 4ith the $ser's control

#ro%ra", s$ch as s.ste" in#$t and o$t#$t stat$s data, and an.

stored constants, aria&les, or #reset al$es! The data ta&le is4here data is "onitored, "ani#$lated, and chan%ed for control

#$r#oses!The $ser #ro%ra" area is 4here the #ro%ra""ed instr$ctions

entered &. the $ser are stored as an a##lication control #ro%ra"!

)ata Ta&leUser Pro%ra"

Basic PLC

PLC Operating Cycle


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PLC Operating Cycle

)ou" Ste's in the PL% 'e"ations

n'ut Scan

Scan the state o the n'uts

P"og"a Scan

P"ocesses the '"og"a !ogic

ut'ut Scan

*ne"giede:ene"gie the out'uts

.ouseee'ing

&his ste' inc!udes counications; nte"na! Diagnostics; etc$ired for solin% the control #ro%ra", and

the I/O $#date ti"e, or ti"e re>$ired to read in#$ts and

$#date o$t#$ts! The #ro%ra" scan ti"e %enerall. de#ends on

the a"o$nt of "e"or. ta=en &. the control #ro%ra" and t.#e

of instr$ctions $sed in the #ro%ra"! The ti"e to "a=e a sin%le

scan can ar. fro" 2 "s to 255 "s!

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PLC Co++u(ica$io(s

Co++o( Uses o4 PLC Co++u(ica$io(s Po#$s

Chan%in% resident PLC #ro%ra"s 3 $#loadin%/do4nloadin%

fro" a s$#erisor. controller ;La#to# or des=to# co"#$ter

-orcin% I/O #oints and "e"or. ele"ents fro" a re"ote

ter"inal!Lin=in% a PLC into a control hierarch. containin% seeral

si@es of PLC and co"#$ter!

Monitorin% data and alar"s, etc! ia #rinters or O#erator

Interface Units ;OIUs

Basic PLC

PLC C i $i


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PLC Co++u(ica$io(s

Se#ial Co++u(ica$io(s

PLC co""$nications facilities nor"all. #roides serial

trans"ission of infor"ation!

Co""on Standards

RS 232

Used in short3distance co"#$ter co""$nications, 4ith the

"aorit. of co"#$ter hard4are and #eri#herals!Has a "axi"$" effectie distance of a##rox! 75 " at 55

&a$d!

Basic PLC

PLC Co++u(ica$io(s


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PLC Co++u(ica$io(s

Local A#ea Ne$6o#7 LAN

Local Area Net4or= #roides a #h.sical lin= &et4een all

deices #l$s #roidin% oerall data exchan%e "ana%e"ent or

#rotocol, ens$rin% that each deice can Dtal=E to other

"achines and $nderstand data receied fro" the"!

LANs #roide the co""on, hi%h3s#eed data co""$nications

&$s 4hich interconnects an. or all deices 4ithin the local

area!

LANs are co""onl. $sed in &$siness a##lications to allo4seeral $sers to share costl. soft4are #ac=a%es and

#eri#heral e>$i#"ent s$ch as #rinters and hard dis= stora%e!

Basic PLC

PLC C i $i


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PLC Co++u(ica$io(s

RS &22 / RS &8'

Used for lon%er3distance lin=s, often &et4een seeral PCs

in a distri&$ted s.ste"! RS 8F: can hae a "axi"$"

distance of a&o$t 2555 "eters!

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E0a+*les o4 PLC P#o)#a++i() So4$6a#e:

1! Allen3Bradle. G Roc=4ell Soft4are RSLo%ix:55

6! Modicon 3 Modsoft

7! O"ron 3 S.s4in

8! +(3-an$c Series G Lo%icMaster

:! S>$are )3 Po4erLo%ic

! Texas Instr$"ents G Si"atic! Tele"ecani>$e G Modicon TS1 Micro

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'1

Leadi() B#a(ds O4 PLC

AM(RICAN 2! Allen Bradle.

6! +o$ld Modicon

7! Texas Instr$"ents

8! +eneral (lectric

:! ?estin%ho$se

! C$tter Ha""er! S>$are )

(UROP(AN 2! Sie"ens

6! loc=ner J Mo$ller

7! -esto8! Tele"echani>$e

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'2

Leadi() B#a(ds O4 PLC

KAPAN(S( 2! Toshi&a6! O"ron

7! -an$c

8! Mits$&ishi

Basic PLC


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PLC Si.e

2! SMALL 3 it coers $nits 4ith $# to 26F I/O's and

"e"ories $# to 6 &.tes! 3 these PLC's are ca#a&le of #roidin%

si"#le to adance leels or "achine

controls!

6! M()IUM 3 hae $# to 658F I/O's and "e"ories $#

to 76 &.tes!7! LAR+( 3 the "ost so#histicated $nits of the PLC

fa"il.! The. hae $# to F26 I/O's and

"e"ories $# to :5 &.tes!

3 can control indiid$al #rod$ction#rocesses or entire #lant!

Basic PLC


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Ma;o# Co+*o(e($s o4 a Co++o( PLC

PROCESSOR

Proides intelli%ence to co""and and %oern the actiities

of the entire PLC s.ste"s!

PRO$ence of o#eration and control of #rocess e>$i#"ent or

drien "achine!

Basic PLC S)&,-* D*(*LP+*&


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Basic PLC

Programming the PLC


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&$'es o P"og"aing Sotwa"e Languages Ladde" Logic =LL>

*% )o"at

? )unction @!oc Diag"a =)@D>

?St"uctu"ed &e#t =S&>?nst"uction List =L>

?Ladde" Diag"a =LD>

?SeAuentia! )unction %ha"t =S)%> : a!so nown as

BC"acet

Basic PLC

Ladder Logic


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R"a% / Con%$t$ona&

In!truct$on!

'r$t" / Contro&

In!truct$on!

E E EE

E E EE

E E

E E EE = >

E E

E E

Start (Rung )1*

En% (Rung )+*

= >

= >

= >

n'uts ut'uts

Basic PLC

IEC - Function Block Diagram FBD!


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Basic PLC

IEC - "tructured #e$t "#!


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IEC - Instruction List IL!


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IEC - Ladder Diagram LD!


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Basic PLC

IEC - "e%uential Function Chart "FC!


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PL%

Basic PLC

P#o)#a++i() De,ice


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5

) )

Also =no4n as

Ind$strial Ter"inal ; Allen Bradle.

PLC-final.ppt

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