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Submitted By:

PRIYA HADA

B.Tech. VII Semester ECE

A Presentation

on Summer Training in

PLC & Scada

Name of InstitutionIT IS ALSO AUTOMATION

Feedback(Eyes)

Processor (Brain)

controlling unit(Hand)

When Human Operator can operate the machine ,taking Feedback of a

Machinery performance and he can change or adjust according to requirement,

that why it also called as Automation.

Thus ,we can define Automation

Any systematic operation required intelligence and as well as

monitoring action.

Output

action unit

(Leg)

Name of InstitutionAutomation

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It is the use of control systems and information technologies to

reduce the need for human work in the production of goods

and services.

ADVANTAGE:

Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard work.

Trouble shooting aids make programming easier.

Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities.

Automation may improve in economy of enterprises.

DISVANTAGE:

Unemployment rate increases

Technical Limitation

Security Threats

High initial cost.

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Programmable Logic Controller

It is industrial computer that perform

discrete or sequential logic.

It was developed to replace mechanical

relays, timers, counters.

Reduce the changeover time. Reliability

in operation.

Flexibility in control and programming

techniques. Online offline modifications.

Small physical size, shorter project time.

Speed of operation. Ease of maintenance

and troubleshooting.

Ability to communicate and networking

with computer system in plant.

Documentation and security.

Micrologix 1000

Programmable

Controller

Name of InstitutionSimple PLC

networkdigital inputs

digital

outputs

analog inputs /

outputs

CPU1 CPU2

redundant

field bus

connection

inputs/o

utputs

serial

connections

Name of InstitutionGlobal players

Source: ARC Research, 2005-10

Name of InstitutionKinds of PLCCompact:•Fixed casing, Fixed number of I/O (most of them binary).

•No process computer capabilities (no MMC).

•Can be extended and networked by an extension (field) bus

•Sometimes LAN connection (Ethernet).

Modular PLC:•High processing power (several CPUs),Large choice of I/O boards.

•Interface boards to field busses, Cost effective if the rack can be filled.

•Mounted on DIN-rail, 24V supply.

•Not water-proof, no ventilator.

Soft PLC:•PC as engineering workstation

•PC as human interface (Visual Basic, Wonderware)

•PC as real-time processor

Name of InstitutionPLC System

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Name of InstitutionArchitecture of a PLC

INPUT

DEVICESPLC

OUTPUT

DEVICES

POWER

SUPPY

MEMORY INTERFACE

(24V DC,120V AC)

(Toggle or Push

buttons, proximity or

pressure sensors)

(Displays &

Monitors)

(External memory

module)(SCADA or HMI)

Name of InstitutionCOMPUT

ER PLCDOWNLOAD

UPLOAD

DATA TRANSMISSION - SERIAL

SYSTEM(PORT) PLC(PORT)RS 232 DF port

Baud Rate - 9.6 Kbps to 19.2 Kbps

Driver software - RS Linx Classic, RS 232 & DF Drivers

Programming software - RS Logix 500

Name of InstitutionWorking

Source mode: +ve supply is given to the PLC.

Sink mode: -ve supply is given to the PLC.

The sink and source modes mainly define the way in which the I/O is connected to the I/O of the PLC.

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PLC

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

MOTOR

LAMP

CONTACTOR

PUSHBUTTONS

INPUT AND OUTPUT MODULE

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L1 L2

P. B SWITCH

INPUT MODULE

WIRING DIAGRAM

LADDER PROGRAM

I:2

0

I= Input

Module

slot # in rack

Module

Terminal #

Allen-Bradley 1746-1A16

Address I:2.0/0

INPUT MODULE

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Ladder logic Ladder logic is the oldest programming language for PLC

- based on relay intuition of electricians.

- widely in use outside Europe.

Rung 0

Rung 1

Rung 2

Input instructions (conditions)Output (actions)

Programming in PLC

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ADDRESSING FORMAT : Identifier: slot address(if any).word address/bit

DATA FILES: Micrologix 1000 contain the status information associated with the external I/O and all other instructions we use in our main and subroutine ladder program files.

These files are organized by the type of data they contain. Data file types are:

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PLC TIMER/COUNTER

FUNCTION

Timer

Counter

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MATH INSTRUCTIONS

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PROGRAMMING

Normally Open

(NO)

Normally Closed

(NC)

Coil

Boxes

The normally open (NO) is true when the

input or output status bit controlling the contact

is 1.

The normally closed (NC) is true when the

input or output status bit controlling the contact

is 0.

Coils represent relays that are energized

when power flows to them. When a coil is

energized it causes a corresponding output to

turn on by changing the state of the status bit

controlling the output to 1.

Boxes represent various instructions or

functions that are executed when power flows

to the box. Some of these Functions are timers,

counters and math operations.

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AND OPERATION : In the rung

above, both inputs A and B must be true

(1) in order for the output C to be true (1).

Rung

A B C

A C

A

B

OR OPERATION : either input A or

B is be true (1), or both are true, then

the output C is true (1).

NOT OPERATION : that if input

A is be true (1),then the output C is

true (0) or when A is (0), output C is 1.

Name of InstitutionApplications

Material Handling

Packaging Applications

General Industrial

Machinery & Conveyor

Printing

Food and Beverage

Pharmaceutical

Water Wastewater / SCADA

Clutch/Brake control

Position Control - Pick-and-place

Name of InstitutionSCADA

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

Supervisory means Monitoring

entire system through

GUI representation

of working Status ,of the

entire system

Control means Controlling

the entire System such as

ON/OFF operation ,

Speed controlling,

temperature Controlling

Data Acquisition

mean collecting

data Information from

Different controller,

Sensor , Drives ,

Motor which are

connected at distance

through wire ,

Ethernet , wireless

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PLC is just like a Black Box, internal operation of its user can’t see until

the entire process complete or halt the System…Thus we required

Representation of the entire process……..

Name of InstitutionWHAT IS INTOUCH?

• Wonderware InTouch provides a single

integrated view of all your controls and

information resources. Intouch enables

engineers, supervisors, operators and managers

to view and interact with the working of entire

operation through graphical representations

of their production processes

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Name of InstitutionWhy SCADA?

Saves Time and Money

• Less traveling for workers

• Reduces man-power needs

• Increases production efficiency of a

company

• Cost effective for power systems

• Saves energy

Reliable

Supervisory control over a

particular system

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GENERAL TERMINOLOGY

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TAG

ANALOG TAGS

DISCRETE TAGS

SYSTEM TAGS

STRING TAGS

TOUCH PUSH BUTTONS

COLOUR LINKS

VISIBILITY

BLINK

ORIENTATION

DISABLE

VALUE DISPLAY LINK

PERCENTAGE FILL

APPLICATION SCRIPT

WINDOW SCRIPT

KEY SCRIPT

CONDITION SCRIPT

Name of InstitutionTAG’s It is the address of the memory

location where signals are being saved.

We define a TAG in order to use it in the SCADA software(Intouch wonderware).

TYPES : 1) Analog 2) Digital 3) Strings

These are further associated with either “Memory” or “I/O” type tags.

PC-SCADA – Memory analog/digital/string tag

PLC-SCADA - I/O analog/digital/string tag

Name of InstitutionFeatures & Software

FEATURES

Dynamic process graphic

Alarm triggering

Database connectivity

Real time trend and historical trend

view

Security & Recipe management

Device connectivity

SOFTWARES

Wonderware- Intouch

Rockwell- RS view32

Siemens- winCC

Name of InstitutionDynamic process graphic

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• Using this feature, one can develop graphics which can resemble

the plant.

• The graphic can include Reactor, Valves, Pumps, agitators,

conveyors as well as other equipment and machinery used in the

plant.

• The status of the equipment running / stopped can be shown

using different color / animations.

• Typically the SCADA Software will have many ready to use

symbols for proper representation which can be used in any type

of industry.

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Name of InstitutionAlarm triggering

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Every plant need proper monitoring and control of the process

parameters.

Alarms represent warnings of process conditions that could

cause problems, and require an operator response.

Generally alarms are implemented by using the lamps or

hooters in field but in SCADA it can be represented using

animation.

In many SCADA software, four type of alarm limits are used ie

HI, HIHI,LOW, LOW LOW.

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We can also monitor the Real time operation and the process

on Graph .

TREND

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This facility is used for representing the data in graphical form.

Typically the trends plots the value with reference to the time.

Real-time data will plot the real-time value fixed period of time

while historical data stored value which can be viewed on demand.

Depending upon the storing capacity of the hard-disk on can

specify the no of days the data can be stored .

Some SCADA software show real-time and historical trends in

single graphics while few others use separate tools..

Name of InstitutionSECURITY Every SCADA Software has various levels of security for

securing the application by avoiding unauthorized access.

Depending upon the access level given the operator / engineers

is allowed to do the task. In the most of the case, operators are

allowed only to operate the plant while maintenance engineers

can do the application modifications.

The security can be given for individuals as well as for groups.

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Name of InstitutionRecipe Management

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In many case we use the same plant for manufacturing different

product range. for example an oil blending plant can manufacture

power oil, transformer oil, automobile oil.

The recipe management is facility is used to maintain various

recipes of different products and implement it on the process.

The recipe can be stored in a single server and it can be fetched

by any client server from any area to run the process.

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In Industry SCADA were designed on Computer System , and display

may be on computer screen, LCD Display or Projector

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