Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science...
Transcript of Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science...
![Page 1: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plate Tectonics
![Page 2: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Theory of Plate Tectonics- 1960
• Explains that Earth’s crust consists of rigid, but moving masses called tectonic plates
![Page 3: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Reminders: Earth’s structure
• Earth’s has 3 main layers:
•Core, Mantle, Crust
• The lithosphere is the outer shell of Earth
that is made of rigid crust and upper mantle
![Page 4: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates with 2 types of crust:
•Oceanic Crust •Made up of the ocean floor
•Continental Crust •Made up of continental landmasses.
Important Note: Oceanic crust is always more dense than continental crust! That means oceanic crust will always sink beneath continental crust.
![Page 5: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Question: How do the plates move?
•There are 2 mechanisms of plate motion:•Slab Pull•Mantle Convection
![Page 6: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1. SLAB PULL
•As colder and denser ocean crust sinks beneath the less dense continental crust, gravity starts to pull the subducting (sinking) plate into the mantle.
![Page 7: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2. MANTLE CONVECTION
• Takes place through the movement of convection currents
• These currents are a result of unequal heating from the Earth’s core which causes hot magma to rise and cool magma to sink down towards the core and heat up again.
![Page 9: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Tectonic Plate Interactions• There are 3 main ways that the plates interact.
•Points of interaction are called boundaries
![Page 10: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1. Divergent Boundary
•Plates move away from each other •The rocks experience tensional stress•magma rises and fills space between plates creating new crust as it cools •CRUST IS GAINED
![Page 11: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2. Transform Boundary
•Plates slide past each other
•The rocks experience shear stress
•CRUST IS NEITHER LOST OR GAINED
![Page 12: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Convergent Boundary
•Plates move toward each other
•The rocks experience compressional stress
•CRUST IS LOST
![Page 13: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
There are 3 types of convergent boundaries1. Continental-Continental Convergence
• When continental plates collide the plates will crumple and uplift
2. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence• When oceanic plates collide, the older and more dens plate will
sink under the less dense plate
3. Continental-Oceanic Convergence• When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate the oceanic plate
will sink under the other
![Page 14: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PLATE BOUNDARY FEATURES
•When tectonic plates interact, different features will form .
![Page 15: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Features found at DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES
•1. Rift Valley (Ex: East African Rift Valley)
•2. Mid Ocean Ridges (MOR) (Ex: Mid Ocean Ridge)
![Page 16: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1. Rift Valley (Divergent)Forms when
plates split
apart and a
valley forms
between the
two blocks. It
usually has steep sides.
![Page 17: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2. Mid Ocean Ridge (Divergent)
Underwater mountain range that winds throughout the Earth’s oceans. It is the 40,000 miles long
![Page 18: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Features found at TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES
•1. Earthquakes along faults (Ex: San Andreas Fault)
![Page 19: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Earthquakes - Transform
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Features found at CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES
• Continental-Continental • Folded Mountains (Ex: Appalachian Mountains, Himalayan Mountains)
• Oceanic-Oceanic• Subduction Zone
• Trench (Mariana Trench- 36,000 feet below sea level)
• Island Arc of Volcanoes (Aleutian Islands)
• Continental-Ocean • Subduction Zone
• Continental Volcanic Arc (Ex: Andes Mountains)
• Trench (Peru-Chile Trench)
![Page 21: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
(C-C) Folded Mountainsplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains
![Page 22: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
1. (O-O) Subduction ZoneA place where 2 plates converge and one sinks beneath the other
![Page 23: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2. (O-O) Trench• Trenches form as one plate subducts and melts at a subduction zone
•
Mariana Trench
![Page 24: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3. (O-O) Island Arc of Volcanoes
Magma rises to the surfacealong above a subducting oceanic plate and forms an island chain ofvolcanoes
Aleutian Islands
![Page 25: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1. (C-O) Continental Volcanic ArcMagma rises to form an continental arc of volcanoes above a subducting plate
Andes Mountains
![Page 26: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
2. (C-O) Subduction Zone
•A place where 2 plates converge and one sinks beneath the other
![Page 27: Plate Tectonics - Ms.Williams' Science Sitewilliamsee.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/5/21759218/plate_tectonics_new_ppt.pdfplates crumple and uplift to form folded mountains . 1. (O-O) Subduction](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040901/5e71abdfea461a0ad21053d1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
3. (C-O) Trench• Trenches form as one plate subducts and melts at a subduction zone
•
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OTHER PLATE MOVEMENT •Hot Spot = Intraplate volcanism (not at a boundary!)
• A hotspot forms near an extra hot part of the mantle where rocks melt and create plumes of rising magma. As tectonic plates move over the plume magma rises through cracks and erupts to form volcanoes.
• Ex: Hawaiian Islands