Plants Used in Animal Care...Plants Used in Animal Care Dr Nitya S Ghotge and Dr Sagari R Ramdas...

Plants Used in Animal Care

Dr Nitya S Ghotge and Dr Sagari R Ramdas

Plants U

sed in Anim

al Care

The Anthra Collective

Compiled and Edited by

A-21, Sainikpuri, Secunderabad 500 094Andhra Pradesh, IndiaTel.: +91 (0)40-27113167Telefax: +91 (0)40-27110977Email: [email protected]: www.anthra.org

Shop F, Lantana Gardens,NDA Road, Bavdhan,Pune 411 021, Maharashtra, IndiaTel.: +91 (0)20-22953546Telefax: +91 (0)20-22953547 Email: [email protected]: www.anthra.org

This book is one of the outputs of ANTHRA’s research efforts spread over a decade. We have been able to document the properties of over 375 medicinal and fodder plant varieties. These we believe constitute our invaluable heritage not only in terms of bio-diversity but the indisputable fact that the knowledge about the usefulness of these plants resides with communities and forms an important part of our human capital.

This book is an effort to put this invaluable community knowledge in the public domain in document form so that it does not get eroded with the passage of time and generations. It is also as an attempt to decelerate the process of depletion of bio-diversity, and environmental degradation. We also hope to share this knowledge with a vast community of development workers at the grassroots level and to give back to the practitioners what belongs to them in the first place. Importantly, we also see it as an effort to prevent unethical commercial exploitation and false patent claims.

ANTHRA started by women veterinary scientists in 1992, and registered as a trust in 1995, under the Societies Registration and Public Trust Act 1860, India, is an organization, working on different issues related to livestock and livestock production.

Working mainly, with small and marginal farmers-dalits, adivasis, pastoralists, landless groups and especially with women from these marginalized communities, ANTHRA has a team comprising of experts from the field of veterinary sciences, sociology, medicine, environmental sciences and communication. ANTHRA’s focus areas are, livestock production and farming systems, crops and fodder varieties, livestock and plant genetic resources, medicinal plants and health care traditions, land and water use and the protection of indigenous knowledge related to these. ANTHRA’s activities support, viable community-based livelihood enriching programmes which include;

Community-led action research – to strengthen community rights and access to natural and domesticated bio-diversity,

Different approaches for veterinary health care to rural communities,

Documentation and community validation of indigenous knowledge systems pertaining to animal production and health care,

Community in-situ conservation of local breeds, crops, fodder varieties, medicinal plants,

Training and Capacity building for livestock rearing available for farming communities, development and extension workers, veterinary scientists and researchers.

Technical support services – on issues related to livestock development

Publications and Material production

Policy research and Advocacy

Running a Documentation centre

The Trust is governed by an all-women’s Governing Board. ANTHRA has two operating offices: one each in Pune and Hyderabad.

Dr. Nitya S. Ghotge and Dr. Sagari R. Ramdas


The Anthra Collective

Compiled and Edited byDr Nitya S GhotgeandDr Sagari R Ramdas


ISBN 81-902989-2-5

Photographs byBalachandra Digital Studio, Nayantara Ghotge, Nitya Ghotge, Sanyasi Rao, Suchandra Datta, Syed Nasser, Vivek Gour-Broome

Compiled and Edited byDr Nitya S Ghotge and Dr Sagari R Ramdas

© Anthra 2008

Published byAnthraShop F, Lantana Garden, N.D.A. Road, Bavdhan, Pune 411 021Tel.: 020-22953546, 22953547E-mail: [email protected].: www.anthra.org

Printed byMudra, 383 Narayan Peth, Pune 411 030Tel.: 24456836

PriceRs. 1500$ 75 Postage extra

The writing of this book has been a bit like driving through a difficult mountain rally with many pitfalls and breakdowns. However, we have emerged through all the challenges because of the strength of the team. The team members contributed at different stages of this book – with their domain knowledge, their drive, their tireless spirit and their sheer desire to see the project through by placing this knowledge which has belonged to the community over generations in the public domain. For this reason, we have debated the question of the authorship of this book and felt that ideally it should have gone to “The Anthra Collective”. However, we have put our names as compilers of the volume to take responsibility for any errors of omission and commission that might have occurred, despite our best efforts. On a lighter note, shall we say, to make it easier for the library professionals to index the book!

Dr Nitya S Ghotge Dr Sagari R Ramdas

Acknowledgements

This book owes its greatest debt to the vast community of farmers, healers and the rural community – who so readily shared with us their knowledge embedded in years of practice and experience.

We would also like to thank our Technical Advisory Committee who guided Anthra on this project through the years of research and social validation: Dr JV Anjaria, Dr Usha Mandokoth, Dr Chandana Barua, Dr S Suryaprakash, Dr Indira Balachandran, Dr SK Dwivedi, Dr J Malik, Dr NK Mahajan, Dr Shaheen Khan, Dr A Anjiah, Dr Peter Hofs, Dr V Mandokoth and Dr Udo Hoeggel.

We would also like to place on record the valuable contributions of Dr Pragati Kaushal (for documentation support), of Prof Harsha Parekh and Dr Bharati Sen (for structuring the index and preparing it), of Dr Suchandra Datta (for photographs and references), of Sujit Patwardhan (for designing the publication), and Syed Nasser (for photography).

Finally, no project can be undertaken and implemented without funding support. For this, we would like to gratefully acknowledge the grant made by SDC – the Swiss Agency for Development & Cooperation, New Delhi.

The team members who made this book possible have been listed in alphabetic order (by their first name), as most of the information in this book. The first column gives their date of birth, their subject specialisation, their educational qualifications and their contact details. The second column briefly states their contribution to the book project.

Asha Ogale Documentation and reference support, cross-checked the veracity 30th August 1936 of information. Stoically steered the book through to completion at Library & Information Science points when it was really in danger of getting stuck. MA (French), Dip Lib 1791, Sadashiv Peth Pune 411 030

Ashalatha Initial field research and documentation support. She offered 22nd June 1958 invaluable help when there were possibilities of breakdowns. Botany MSc (Botany), A21 Sainik Puri, Secunderabad Andhra Pradesh 500 094 [email protected]

Merab Thampi Detailed literature review and bibliographic referencing for the10th November 1963 biological properties and Ayurvedic reportage of the plants in this Ornithology collection. Had the determination and grit to steer through this PhD (Ornithology) arduous journey.Plot3 Vayupuri, Secunderabad Andhra Pradesh 500 094

Nandini Parmekar Mathur Detailed literature review and bibliographic referencing for the22nd August 1965 biological and Ayurvedic properties of the plants in this collection. Microbiology Helped conceptualise the book. The first driver of the rally who tookMSc (Microbiology) the book across the journey. 502, Block 15, Suncity Apartments Sarjapur Outer Ring Road Junction Bangalore 560 034

Dr Nita Mukherjee Content editing of this publication, organising the information to 27th August 1945 make it reader-friendly and steering the book to its final finish. Social Science Researcher and Editor PhD (Public Administration) 16, Panchratna, Prof Almeida Road Bandra West, Mumbai 400 050 [email protected]

Dr Nitya Sambamurti Ghotge Co-ordinated and directed the research project and conceived and 13th May 1964 developed the publication. She navigated and steered the book from Veterinary Science the beginning to end. MVSc (Surgery) 10, Lantana Gardens Bavdhan, NDA Road Pune 411 [email protected]

Dr Sagari R Ramdas Co-ordinated and directed the research project and conceived and 1st June 1964 developed the publication. She has been a steady navigator from startVeterinary Science to finish. MS (Animal Genetics & Breeding) A21 Sainik Puri, Secunderabad Andhra Pradesh 500 [email protected]

Sanyasi Rao Resource person for all botanical information, field data collection 14th April 1973 and documentation, including photographic documentation. He Taxonomy provided continuous inputs from start to finish. He is currently MSc (Botany) pursuing his Phd in botany.A21 Sainik Puri, Secunderabad Andhra Pradesh 500 094 [email protected] [email protected]

Vivek Gour-Broome Resource person for all botanical information, field data collection 5th November 1972 and documentation, including photographic documentation. One Taxonomy of the initial team members who embarked on this long journey and MSc (Botany) stayed through to reach the destination.JE Farms, Marunji PO Mulshi Taluka Pune, 411 057 [email protected]

Documentation and Social Validation of the Healing Properties of Plants was done by

Andhra Pradesh

Avuripuri Rajulamma Rebaka, Visakhapatnam

Balamani Ramchandrapur, Medak

Challa Lakshmi Kimmalgadda, East Godavari

Chode Rajeshwari Bonangipalam, East Godavari

Chundru Nookaraju Thungamadugula, East Godavari

Darla Chinatalli Mukundrajapeta, Visakhapatnam

Ere Venkatesh Munjavaram, East Godavari

Gandam Varahalamma Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Gollavilli Varahalamma Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Kakuru Vijaylakshmi Regulapadu, East Godavari

Kangala Sugandora Lakshmipuram, East Godavari

Kodakandla Anjamma Thimmapur, Medak

Kotam Chinaldora Komaravaram, East Godavari

Madakam Ramana Dora Karakapadu, East Godavari

Manne Digambar Narsapur, Medak

Nallala Chakramma Godicherla, Visakhapatnam

Neerudi Narsimhulu Achampet, Medak

Neram Suribabau Thungamadugula, East Godavari

Nesam Rajamma Noogamamidi, East Godavari

Odella Somayyamma Murlavanipalam, East Godavari

Pallala Lakshmi Muvalavada, East Godavari

Pallala Mangayamma Nookarai, East Godavari

Pallala Rajareddy Thantikonda, East Goavari

Pothuru Nagamani Regulpadu, East Godavari

Rolapalli Jogamma Adaraveedi, East Godavari

Saddireddy Apparao Rebaka, Visakhapatnam

Shyammamma Kondapur, Medak

Srinivas Hathnoora, Medak

Thati Ramayamma Pothanadorapalam, East Godavari

Velugula Sathyavati Rebaka, Visakhapatnam

Yatla Amala Kanthalbanda, East Godavari

Maharashtra

Anita Rokade Nivali, Ratnagiri

Devashree Veer Kulyewadi, Ratnagiri

Dilip Halse Janapur, Latur

Indubai Bodke Tikona Peth, Pune

Mayuri Kulye Kulyewadi, Ratnagiri

Mhalu Kokre Dighe Vasti, Pune

Monika Dalvi Margasini, Pune

Nana Marne Andgaon, Pune

Nathu Walgude Margasini, Pune

Rajan Kulye Kulyewadi, Ratnagiri

Sangeeta Khapre Machivalevadi ,Ratnagiri

Santosh Jadhav Upale, Ratnagiri

Savita Kulye Kulyewadi, Ratnagiri

Shardabai Marne Andgaon, Pune

Smita Kulye Kulyewadi, Ratnagiri

Tukaram Kulye Kulyewadi, Ratnagiri

Andhra Pradesh

A Balaiah Rustumpeta, Medak

Anakapalli Tata Rao Kanathalabanda, East Godavari

Avuripuri Rajulamma Rebaka, Visakhapatnam

Bachala Abbai Reddy Nukarayi, East Godavari

Bachala Chandraiah Putigunta, East Godavari

Bachala Devaiah Ramalakonda, East Godavari

Bachala Jangamaiah Putigunta, East Godavari

Bheemireddi Rajubabu Srirampuram, Visakhapatnam

Bhumakelli Mallaiah Achampeta, Medak

Birudula Veeranna Seethanagaram, Visakhapatnam

Borupatla Mahankali Hatnura, Medak

Budda Mallaiah Ramachandrapuram, Medak

Ch Balaiah Lingojiguda, Medak

Chalamarthi Gopala Reddy Vemalova, East Godavari

Chalamarti Chitukulaiah Doramamidi, East Godavari

Cheedipalli Appannadora Cheedika, Visakhapatnam

Cheguri Yellaiah Avancha, Medak

Chodi Malludora Nugumamidi, East Godavari

Chodi Mangayamma Tantikonda, East Godavari

Chodi Satyavathi Nukarayi, East Godavari

Chodi Somannadora Nugumamidi, East Godavari

Cholla Ramaiah Ramalakonda, East Godavari

Chuntru Achiraju Dalipadu, East Godavari

Chuntru Rambabu Gummaripalem, East Godavari

D Dasharadha Panyala, Medak

Dandu Malliah Ramachandrapuram, Medak

Darla Chinatalli Mukundarajupeta, Visakhapatnam

Dasari Kondala Rao` Revallu, Visakhapatnam

Duchari Venkata Reddy Munjavaram, East Godavari

Eeka Buchamma Chaparatipalem, East Godavari

Eeka Tammannadora Komaravaram, East Godavari

Eere Challaiah Munjavaram, East Godavari

G Kondaiah Rustumpeta, Medak

G Laxmaiah Timmapur, Medak

Gampala Anjaiah Rustumpeta, Medak

Gandham Rambabu Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Healers who participated in documenting their invaluable knowledge to ensure that it is sustained in their communities and remains available for future generations

10 Plants Used in Animal Care

Gandham Swaminayudu Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Gandham Veerayamma Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Gandi Ramulu Donkada Kotturu, Visakhapatnam

Gandi Veerababu Donkada Kotturu, Visakhapatnam

Gavvala Chandraiah Ramachandrapuram, Medak

Gedela Chinnabbai Kanathalabanda, East Godavari

Golla Agamallaiah Hanumanthapur, Medak

Golla Mallaiah Narsapur, Medak

Golla Narayana Hatnura, Medak

Gollavilli Mangayamma Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Gollavilli Suryarao Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Gowdi Balaiah Narsapur, Medak

Ineti Devadasu D. Bheemavaram, East Godavari

Ireddi Veeranna Seethanagaram, Visakhapatnam

Isarpu Appa Rao Mukundarajupeta, Visakhapatnam

Itha Devudamma Tirupatipalem, Visakhapatnam

Itha Maharaju Tirupatipalem, Visakhapatnam

J Bheemaraju Munjavaram, East Godavari

Janumuri Veerabbai Tantikonda, East Godavari

Jarpala Gangaram Narayanpur, Medak

K Laxmaiah Pulusumamidi, East Godavari

K Linga Goud Timmapur, Medak

K Rama Rao Hanumanthapur, Medak

Kajipalli Mallaiah Narsapur, Medak

Kakara Laxmaiah Munjavaram, East Godavari

Kakari Gangaraju Munjavaram, East Godavari

Kakuri Abbai D. Bheemavaram, East Godavari

Kakuri Peddarao Nukarayi, East Godavari

Kakuru Krishnamurthy Regadiveedhi, East Godavari

Kalidindi Chantabbai D. Bheemavaram,East Godavari

Kalimela Gouraiah Tungamadugula, East Godavari

Kalimela Mangaiah Penikelapadu, East Godavari

Kangala Ramannadora Laxmipuram, East Godavari

Karanam Somulamma Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Kasireddi Suryanarayana Ramanayyapeta, Visakhapatnam

Katke Narsoji Achampeta, Medak

Katrotu Tulja Achampeta, Medak

Plants Used in Animal Care 11

Kechela Bullemma Gummaripalem, East Godavari

Kechela Chittiah Chaviti Dibbalu, East Godavari

Kocha Mangaraju Tantikonda, East Godavari

Kocha Rajabbai Tantikonda, East Godavari

Koduturi Somaraju Nugumamidi, East Godavari

Konala Pandaiah Languparti, East Godavari

Kondla Pandaiah Languparti, East Godavari

Kosham Kannaiah Chupparapalem, East Godavari

Kosuri Krishna Rao Mullimetla, East Godavari

Kottenugu Mogulaiah Badampeta, Medak

Kukkala Chinnalamma Karakapadu, East Godavari

Kunjam Jogamma Chaparatipalem, East Godavari

Kunjam Mangamma Nukarayi, East Godavari

Kurasam Pottamma Chaparatipalem, East Godavari

Lade Anjaiah Kanjarla, Medak

Lota Abadham Regadiveedhi, East Godavari

M Abbaidora Karakapadu, East Godavari

M Sailu Timmapur, Medak

Machunuri Narayana Narsapur, Medak

Machunuri Shankaraiah Narsapur, Medak

Madakam Abbaidora Chaparatipalem, East Godavari

Madakam Rajubabu Anukulapalem, East Godavari

Madakam Ramannadora Chaparatipalem, East Godavari

Maddikunta Bheemaiah Rustumpeta, Medak

Madivi Rambabu Languparti, East Godavari

Makavarapu Akkayamma D. Bheemavaram, East Godavari

Mamidi Appa Rao Mukundarajupeta, Visakhapatnam

Mamidi Chinnaiah Tungamadugula, East Godavari

Manne Narayana Muthrajpalli, Medak

Mirapala Ramulu Srirampuram, Visakhapatnam

Mirapala Tathabbai Srirampuram, Visakhapatnam

Miriyala Rajubabu Bonangipalem, East Godavari

Miriyala Rajulu Vatti Gadda, East Godavari

Mogullapalli Mallaiah Narsapur, Medak

Mucha Narayana Ramachandrapuram, Medak

Muddagalla Narsaiah Rustumpeta, Medak

Murla Bhupati Reddy D. Bheemavaram, East Godavari


Murla Chinnaiah Marripalem, East Godavari

Murla Chinnalu Reddy Chupparapalem, East Godavari

Murla Rami Reddy Chupparapalem, East Godavari

Muthyala Lachamma Ramachandrapuram, Medak

Muthyala Samudram Chaviti Dibbalu, East Godavari

Nanepalli Apparao Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Nanepalli Chinna Apparao Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Nanepalli Narayana Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Neram Laxmamma Neelaram, East Godavari

Neram Sankuraiah Rayipalli, East Godavari

Nesham China Pandaiah Marripalem, East Godavari

Nune Rajaiah Narsapur, Medak

Oota Nagaraju Dusarapamu, East Godavari

Padala Chanchaiah Ramalakonda, East Godavari

Palla Raja Reddy Ramalakonda, East Godavari

Pallala Balaraju Buruguvada, East Godavari

Pallala Chinna Reddy Languparti, East Godavari

Pallala Kanna Reddy Kanathalabanda, East Godavari

Pallala Kommi Reddy Kanathalabanda, East Godavari

Pallala Linga Reddy Ramalakonda, East Godavari

Pallala Penta Reddy Ramalakonda, East Godavari

Pallala Sanyasi Reddy Marripalem, East Godavari

Pandala Reddy Konyala, Medak

Pandugu Narsimlu Hatnura, Medak

Papanolla Manaiah Konyala, Medak

Potturu Chinna Rao Nukarayi, East Godavari

Potulotu Ganya Narayanpur, Medak

Pujari Pandaiah Kanathalabanda, East Godavari

Pulikanti Pedda Ramaiah Achampeta, Medak

Punugoti Narsinga Rao Rajupeta, Medak

Pyedi Musalamma Mullavanipalem, East Godavari

R Mallaiah Panyala, Medak

Rajalingam Narsapur, Medak

Ramagoud Panyala, Medak

Ravada Sannibabu Srirampuram, Visakhapatnam

Ravadi Lazar Chaviti Dibbalu, East Godavari

Relli Narsaiah Cheedika, Visakhapatnam


Rolla Laxmikantham Kanathalabanda, East Godavari

Sadela Bullabbai Doramamidi, East Godavari

Sadela Jagga Rao Doramamidi, East Godavari

Sadela Nageshwar Rao Doramamidi, East Godavari

Sadela Nukaraju Regulapadu, East Godavari

Sadireddi Apparao Rebaka, Visakhapatnam

Sadireddi Doraiah Revallu, Visakhapatnam

Sadireddi Nallabbai Revallu, Visakhapatnam

Sadireddi Nukaraju Rebaka, Visakhapatnam

Sadireddi Simhachalam Rebaka, Visakhapatnam

Sadula Venkaiah Narsapur, Medak

Sagina Chellaiah Nugumamidi, East Godavari

Sagina Yendaiah Nugumamidi, East Godavari

Sara Bheemaiah Naguldevulapalli, Medak

Sara Hanumaiah Ramachandrapuram, Medak

Sara Laxminarayana Ramachandrapuram, Medak

Sara Narsaiah Achampeta, Medak

Sara Ramulu Ramachandrapuram, Medak

Shatam Ramulu Narsapur, Medak

Talari Veeraswamy Kondapur, Medak

Tamada Ramulu Tirupatipalem, Visakhapatnam

Tamu Chinnaludora Komaravaram, East Godavari

Tamu Kannaiahdora Sharabhavaram, East Godavari

Tati Ramannadora Potannadorapalem, East Godavari

Tati Subbannadora Potannadorapalem, East Godavari

Teegala Gangaraju Chupparapalem, East Godavari

Tippana Veerraju Godicherla, Visakhapatnam

Tiyyam Nagannadora Tiyyamamidi, East Godavari

Tumpala Kondababu Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Tumpala Krishnamurthy Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Ullem Balaraju Nukarayi, East Godavari

Valala Balaraju Tungamadugula, East Godavari

Valala Bullemma Tungamadugula, East Godavari

Valala Jogi Reddy Tungamadugula, East Godavari

Valala Veerayamma Tungamadugula, East Godavari

Vantu Sriramulu Tirupatipalem, Visakhapatnam

Varada Achiraju Tungamadugula, East Godavari


Veerakota Peddabbai Somannapalem, East Godavari

Veerla Adinarayana Ramanayyapeta, Visakhapatnam

Veerla Subba Rao Ramanayyapeta, Visakhapatnam

Velugula Satyavathi Rebaka, Visakhapatnam

Vindela Chitukulaiah Penikelapadu, East Godavari

Viyyapu Appa Rao Mukundarajupeta, Visakhapatnam

Yasarapu Chinnaramulu Jagannathapuram, Visakhapatnam

Yeddu Narsimlu Narsapur, Medak

Yencherla Golla Pochaiah Timmapur, Medak


Maharashtra (and nearby districts in Karnataka)1

Anna Rambhau Shelke Karanjavane, Pune

Anubai Shripati Shinde Kelad, Pune

Baban Babu More Mahuri, Pune

Babu Dagdu Khule Kolambi, Pune

Babu Ramchandra Akhade Narbe (Dhangarvadi), Ratnagiri

Balaji Kashinath Biradar Janapur, Latur

Balaji Narayan Boivade Janapur, Latur

Balka Bhagoji Machivale Tarwal ( Machiwalevadi), Ratnagiri

Balkrishna Shripat Desai Manjre, Ratnagiri

Balu Ramchandra Bodke Hadasi, Pune

Basavraj Maroti Chimegave Janapur, Latur

Bhagu Dhondu Kumkar Harpud, Pune

Bhikaji Gangaram Kulye Tarwal, Ratnagiri

Chandar Govind Jadhav Janapur, Latur

Chandrakant Sitaram Halse Janapur, Latur

Chandrakant Maruti Kamble Bolegaon, Latur

Dashrath Halappa Bandewar Ganganbeed, Bidar

Dhondu Ramchandra Ghanekar Narbe, Ratnagiri

Gangadhar Ramrao Rakshale Lohara, Latur

Gangaram Ananda Bansode Yerol, Latur

Ganpat Dhaku Machivale Tarwal, Ratnagiri

Ganpati Sakharam Baspure Yerol, Latur

Govind Balu Kulye Tarwal, Ratnagiri

Govind Nimbaji Narote Bolegaon, Latur

Govind Shankar Chavan Mancha Tanda, Janapur, Latur

Govinda Kamble Shirur Anantpal, Latur

Gulab Dipla Jadhav Mancha Tanda, Janapur, Latur

Gunaji Malap Tarwal, Ratnagiri

Gundappa Gangadhar Kannade Janapur, Latur

Gyanoba Sangram Gavhane Kherda, Bidar

Haugirao Bhadre Tondchira, Latur

Janardan Vitthal Munde Chondi, Beed

1During the course of this research, few healers practised in the villages where we worked. So our research took us to neighbouring districts and States in

search of healers who still practised this profession. Bidar District, which lies in the State of Karnataka, shares a border with Latur where the documentation

was undertaken. This entire area was a part of the erstwhile Hyderabad State and shares many common traditions and practices. While the documentation

actually took place in Latur District, healers from Bidar would often visit to meet relatives and friends and were, therefore, available for our documentation.


Kamlakar Tanu Jadhav Upale, Ratnagiri

Kashinath Laxman Marure Sonal, Bidar

Kashinath Munna Chavan Janapur Tanda, Latur

Kondiba Dagdoji Thoke Injegaon, Nanded

Kondiba Dhondiba Dhebe Pakatvasti (Mahurigaon), Pune

Laxman Dema Machivale Tarwal (Machiwalevadi), Ratnagiri

Laxman Devrao Hanje Sumthan, Latur

Limbaji Sambhaji Kamble Ganeshpur, Bidar

Manik Vithoba Reddy Kherda, Bidar

Manohar Sadashiv Bansode Janapur, Latur

Maroti Ram Murudkar Bolegaon, Latur

Maruti Narsing Nilange Janapur, Latur

Mohan Tukaram Mhetre Shirol, Latur

Nagorao Gopalrao Suryavanshi Bavalgaon, Latur

Narayan Ramchandra Bhoiwade Janapur, Latur

Nivrutti Narsing Mhetre Shirol, Janapur, Latur

Pandharinath Irappa Reddy Mutkhed, Bidar

Pandurang Keshav Shinde Karanjavane, Pune

Pharashappa Basappa Patil Kherda, Bidar

Pundlik Ganpat Shinde Mutkhed, Bidar

Raghoba Shivram Jadhav Janapur, Latur

Raghunath Hariba Waghmare Banshelaki, Latur

Rajaram Maroti Rathod Tondchir Tanda, Latur

Ram Dashrath Bandewar Ganganbeed, Bidar

Ram Halappa Tikale Shirol, Latur

Ram Jagannath Sagare Bolegaon, Latur

Ramabai Kachare Majgaon (Dophekhind), Pune

Rambhau Dagdu Bodke Hadasi, Pune

Ramchandra Ganpat Marne Andagaon, Pune

Ramchandra Reddy Mutkhed, Bidar

Ramji Chinglu Kachare Harpud (Bamankhind), Pune

Ramrao Dadge Shirur Anantpal, Latur

Ramrao Gema Naik Ganeshpur Tanda, Bidar

Ramrao Gema Rathod Ganeshpur, Bidar

Sakhahari Jain Shirur Anantpal, Latur

Sangappa Govindrao Karbhari Ganeshpur, Bidar

Sanjeevkumar Mallikarjun Biradar Janapur, Latur


Shankar Fakira Janapur, Latur

Shankar Kerba Jadhav Janapur, Latur

Shankar Mancha Chavan Mancha Tanda, Janapur, Latur

Shankar Rama Bandgar Pandharwadi, Latur

Shankar Sonu Horambe Panwal, Ratnagiri

Shantabai Dashrath Bhambadkar Karajavane, Pune

Shivappa Gurappa Patne Shirur Anantpal, Latur

Shivraj Ramrao Anture Chamarga, Latur

Shivshankar Prabhuappa Malbhage Jangamvadi, Latur

Shripati Kashiram Jadhav Janapur, Latur

Sitaram Bhau Phad Chondi, Beed

Sitaram Maroti Sable Chandar, Pune

Sonu Gangaram Mayangde Tarwal (Mayangdevadi), Ratnagiri

Sonu Janu Bhute Upale, Ratnagiri

Sonu Mahadev Gotad Upale, Ratnagiri

Teju Jimna Chavan Janapur, Latur

Trimbakrao Vishwanath Morkhande Chamarga, Latur

Tryambakrao Laxman Atnure Chamarga, Latur

Tukaram Dagdu Khule Kolambi, Pune

Tukaram Kalu Rathod Border Tanda ( Janapur), Latur

Vinayak Borle Janapur, Latur

Vishwambhar Bhimrao Shirole Jambhalvadi, Latur

Vishwanath Madhavrao Panchal Ganeshpur, Bidar

Vishwanath Madhavrao Sutar Ganeshpur, Bidar

Vitthal Bhivaji Shelke Janapur, Latur

Vitthal Kondiba Gavate Nagral, Latur

Vitthal Saba Jadhav Shirol, Latur

Vitthal Shendge Awargaon, Beed

Vitthalrao Sambhaji Jadhav Shirol, Latur

Yashwant Javanta Kamble Ganeshpur, Bidar


Introduction

When we began our research on documenting treatments used by local communities, our underlying assumption was that we would bring out a book on traditional treatments and healing practices that prevailed in these communities. Originally, the research was not expected to lead up to a book on plants used in veterinary medicine. But, as information on the number of plants documented grew, we felt it was necessary to bring out such a volume to show the enormous biodiversity available, the amount of traditional knowledge held within the communities. We also realised the potential for such indigenous knowledge (IK) for various other users.

India clearly has two traditions of veterinary knowledge and health practices: the written and codified Ayurveda and the unwritten folk knowledge systems. Within the folk systems, there are many branches and streams depending on the community, their culture, the geographical area and the availability of plants. At some places, these traditions overlap with those of Ayurveda and the same plants are used for the same condition. At other places, unique treatments of rare endemic plants occur. Interestingly too, plants recently introduced to the country, such as Lantana camara and Argemone mexicana, have also found use. The use is not confined to a particular area but is found in many areas, making one wonder how this adaptation took place and who carried the knowledge to different communities and to different geographical locations. Did multiple groups discover the same use separately? Pertinent questions to keep the future generation of researchers busy as well as suppress hastily or prematurely placed patent claims!. Our study, which began with veterinary science, crossed over to botany, anthropology, sociology and has, finally, entered economics and policy. Is such information and knowledge – as the study presents – only for commercialisation or can it genuinely benefit future generations?


The primary objective of our research was to document and validate indigenous ethno-veterinary and livestock management and rearing practices with a view to develop an approach to promote, re-integrate and synthesise useful indigenous knowledge practices, into existing farming systems. Specific areas explored through the research included acquiring an in-depth understanding of local production systems in relation to landholding, caste and production goals of different livestock-rearing communities, local breeds and breeding strategies, housing, feeds and fodder, preventive management and treatment, elements of healing and, finally, marketing. Enquiry into the gender issues in indigenous knowledge and livestock production was an underlying cross-cutting theme of our research. The research was divided into three phases: documentation, followed by a phase of social validation, and, finally, of information consolidation and knowledge dissemination.

Our research, conducted between April 1996 and September 2004, was located geographically in three distinct agro-ecological zones of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. Medak and Latur Districts represented the semi-arid tracts, East Godavari agency areas and Pune District represented the hilly tracts of the Eastern and Western Ghats respectively, and Visakhapatnam and Ratnagiri represented the coastal regions of eastern and western India. The field work was carried out in collaboration with local NGOs/grassroots organisations/CBOs (community-based organisations) which worked in these districts. Documentation was initially done in nine villages in each district; thus, 27 villages in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra were covered. However, we must state here that the documentation spread to many more villages and districts, as one part of the research led us to newer areas of exploration in search of the larger picture.

The primary documenters were community/village researchers along with researchers from Anthra. The research team experimented with methodologies and approaches which would be useful for helping


communities to be part of the process of re-claiming their knowledge. We were conscious that the research should not merely be a mechanical process of ‘data collection’ but a comprehensive learning process for everyone, and help communities to re-connect with their knowledge systems. Thus, this ‘research’ became a reciprocal process of mutual sharing and exchange of opinions, views, knowledge and experiences. Certain approaches and tools, which we found extremely useful, included select PRA visualisation techniques, one-to-one interactions, group discussions, and conventional surveys. In addition, traditional village cultural events, such as ‘jatras’ and markets, enabled sharing of experiences and documentation. With the help of key resource persons, and drawing upon our experiential learning, we developed broad guidelines for information to be documented. Additionally, special techniques such as the use of herbariums and photo-documentation became critical documentation tools. In the second phase of research, extensive literature review was done to assist us in organising the documented information prior to validation. Software and manual systems of managing this information were also developed within Anthra.

Major issues explored included an appraisal of local feeds and fodders used in the past and at present, seasonal differences in feeding practices, the traditional evaluation or assessment of a feed by farmers, the palatability and availability (both temporal and actual quantity over time). In addition, we looked at ways of storing feed and fodder and special feeding practices during disaster situations. Mapping grazing routes and practices as also watering practices was an integral component of the research.

One of the major findings of the research was how the dramatic shift in cropping patterns in all areas, from food to cash crops, has resulted in a drastic change in diets, with reduced variety and quantity of feed available for livestock, especially in the quality and quantity of crop residues. This was accompanied by a decline in public/common grazing


lands and increase in private lands and fallows, resulting in increased hardships for marginal farmers to graze their animals. Another perceptible shift was the replacement of perennial grasses by annuals. A disturbing observation was a general loss of knowledge on fodders amongst members of the younger generations. These shifts were largely linked and embedded in the larger changes occurring in agriculture, as a response to policies that had enabled capital, resource and chemical-intensive green revolution agriculture to flourish and predominate over traditional ecological agricultural practices. A total of 440 traditional fodder varieties in Andhra Pradesh and 298 in Maharashtra comprising trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, grasses and crops were documented; of these 9%-11% were abundantly available; availability for 28%-38% was average, 43%-54% were occasionally available and 9% were scarce. In this book, we have listed over 250 plant species available as fodder and how local communities use and value them.

Ethno-veterinary Healing PracticesLocal healing systems were explored from various angles – primarily to understand what existed, how extensively it was used and who are the repositories and guardians of this knowledge. We also explored caste, gender and cultural dimensions of healing as well as more detailed information on specific preventive and curative practices and the status of associated genetic material. To assess the extent of use of ethno-veterinary practices amongst farmers, some 430 farmers from five districts and 45 villages were interviewed in 1997. Of these, 338 were men and 92 were women; 85% of the farmers interviewed stated that they continued to use indigenous knowledge.

Common diseases for which ethno-veterinary medicine was used in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra included different types of respiratory problems, ephemeral fever, diarrhoea, black quarter, bloat, foot & mouth disease, foot rot, anorexia, wounds and maggot wounds.


A total of 126 disease conditions/ symptoms in Maharashtra and 61 disease conditions in Andhra Pradesh affecting livestock (large ruminants, small ruminants, camels, donkeys, pigs and poultry) were documented. Diseases ranged from contagious diseases, diseases of the digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems to skin diseases and simple surgical conditions.

While a number of home remedies were known to farmers – men and women – certain remedies were known exclusively to specialist healers. A total of 1,223 treatments in Maharashtra and 1,186 treatments in Andhra Pradesh were documented. The same treatments for the same disease were cited by more than one healer/farmer, and there were numerous common treatments documented from all six regions. There were single and mixed plant treatments as also animal-based and chemical ingredients used in treatments. Numerous plants were used for multiple purposes. Trees, herbs, climbers, shrubs, grasses, legumes were used in treatments. The stem bark was the most commonly used part, followed by leaves, seeds, roots, fruits and flowers. A major cause of concern was that statistically too, it was obvious that huge numbers of plants used for treatments were no longer available and were disappearing rapidly – re-emphasising the concern over loss of genetic material as articulated by healers.

The healers we met and interviewed were most concerned about the fact that farmers no longer followed their advice and switched regularly to allopathic medicines without waiting adequately for the herbal cure to take effect. Non-availability of medicinal plants was another major problem faced by healers. Some of the solutions they suggested were the rigorous teaching of indigenous knowledge to farmers for cultivating and propagating rare and scarce plants, and preparing and processing herbal medicines locally for immediate use. Many healers also claimed that there were certain diseases, especially infectious conditions, which they could not cure and, in fact, requested training on immunisation practices.


The healers also continued to depend completely on forests and common natural resources to access the plant materials and expressed deep concern over the fact that many of the plants they needed were becoming scarce. Among the reasons they cited were:

• The Forest Department does not allow people to go into the forest and collect plants.

• Due to the failure of rains and changes in climatic patterns, the plants are not growing where they were found earlier.

• Earlier, the plants were available close to the village; now they have to go to distant places to search for them, as forests have been cleared.

• Medicinal plants are being commercially exploited by agencies, making several species endangered.

• Mono-culturing of forests by the Forest Department had led to medicinal plants becoming scarce.

Validation of Indigenous Knowledge At the end of our first phase of documentation, we were faced with the challenge of how to take this knowledge back to communities who were rapidly losing touch with their own collective heritage. We realised that we could not deal with all the information at once. Responding primarily to the demands of the local communities with whom we had worked, we prioritised the areas of feeds and fodder and ethno-veterinary practices as subjects for further enquiry, research and validation in the next phase.

There are varying positions and opinions on the issue of ‘validation’ and ‘validating indigenous knowledge systems’, particularly those relating to healing practices. While some argue that the existence of this body of knowledge over thousands of years is proof of its ‘validity’ and there is no need to analyse and ‘validate’, there are scientists within the framework of ‘Western science and medicine’ who strongly argue for precise validation of these systems and practices using standard


pharmacological and clinical protocols that have been defined by ‘Western’ science and that exist within it. Anthra’s experience had shown that both extremes were impractical. So we embarked upon an effort to evolve a new paradigm for ‘validation’ – of prioritising the practices which then could be recommended confidently to farmers, who themselves were losing interest/faith in these knowledge systems, which we subsequently termed as ‘social validation’.

There continues to be a wide chasm between the formal protocols of validation (illustrative of the work which is being pursued in most universities and research institutions), which aim at commercialising herbal drugs, and the ‘people validation’ approaches (illustrated by the Shodhini and Anthra), which aim at extending peoples’ control over their own knowledge systems and resources. The former divides and sub-divides to isolate active principles and ingredients, while the latter is more holistic, recognising the value and role of a herbal remedy in the larger framework of healthcare.

The next question that confronted us was: “Why validate a body of knowledge that had evolved over thousands of years through the collective innovations of numerous generations?” We asked ourselves this question many times. The answer was obtained from the communities themselves. A further impetus to enquire into indigenous knowledge practices came from women farmers and farmers from marginalised communities who had traditionally been denied access to a lot of information. They asked us to teach them useful and safe practices. It appeared completely impractical to teach them over 1,000 remedies for 100 different diseases, and over 500 fodder varieties. So we had to sift through this wealth of knowledge to come up with a sub-set of practices with clear and simple guidelines for their use, so that many more farmers could actually put this knowledge and theory into practice. Further, since the research aimed at sustaining the practice of indigenous knowledge, the associated biological material and genetic base for this knowledge had to be sustained and enhanced.


All these concerns thus provided the framework for the second phase of research where the primary research objectives were to socially validate ethno-veterinary, fodder and feeding practices, re-disseminate this community-assessed information to a wider community of farmers, and conserve and promote associated biological material through community herbal gardens. We evolved a protocol for validating the ethno-veterinary and fodder practices jointly with a multi-disciplinary team represented by experts from the community, from different academic and scientific disciplines. Some of these experts were from premier institutes of India such as the IVRI (Indian Veterinary Research Institute) Izzatnagar, UP and Kottakal Arya Vaidya Shala, Kerala in India. This technical committee met regularly to guide and steer the research process.

The main steps of the ethno-veterinary social validation protocol included indexing of plants disease-wise and region-wise , prioritising diseases for which treatments would then be assessed, ranking and categorising treatments based on Anubhava Siddha Chikitsa (experiential validation/empirical information) and secondary literature and, finally, field-testing the selected treatments.

Extensive literature review was done; 129 books, magazines, journals and standard texts of Ayurveda, pharmacology, ethno-botany, botany, veterinary science and animal science were referenced and consulted. Apart from these, different databases of plants, such as NAPRALERT, which were hosted by universities and research institutions around the world, were accessed via the Internet.

Diseases were prioritised according to different criteria based on information about the diseases commonly treated by healers, diseases for which farmers commonly used ethno-veterinary practices, mortality and morbidity profiles (diseases to which animals were most likely to succumb to) as also the way farmers ranked diseases affecting livestock and poultry. By this method, 10-12 diseases affecting livestock


(e.g., bloat, anorexia, diarrhoea, worms) and 5-6 diseases of poultry (e.g., white diarrhoea, fowl pox, worms) were finally selected for each district.

Subsequently, for each of the selected diseases, the recorded treatments were ranked and categorised according to a system of relative weights assigned to different parameters of information. The experiential parameters included the number of informants for a treatment from the same district as well as other districts, and the outcome of such treatment as reported by farmers of whether the animals were cured or not cured when treated. The secondary literature parameters included information on the use of the plant for similar conditions from standard Ayurveda texts and other ethno-medicinal books and information on the therapeutic/pharmacological actions. Information on toxicity and related side effects were also included.

Treatments were then categorised into three main categories: A, B and C. ‘A’ category treatments were those which had plants with both high empirical and secondary literature support. ‘B’ category treatments were those where one of the criteria was high and the other low. And ‘C’ category covered treatments using plants with limited empirical information and scanty literature support and/or with toxic properties. In consultation with our technical committee, ‘A’ category treatments could be immediately recommended to farmers for use. ‘B’ category treatments required further field trials and those in ‘C’ should be referred to appropriate research institutions for further study.

We trained 30 rural women volunteers as Community Animal Health Workers who under the guidance of Anthra veterinarians, learnt to use one or two ‘B’ treatments which were being field validated. Healers also used these treatments and their experiences were recorded/documented as they treated animals. Special case-sheet formats were developed to record information and these were periodically analysed. Treatments used to treat more than 12 cases were considered for ‘validation


analysis’. In addition, we carried out field-based de-worming trials, where we compared test and control groups that had been exposed and not exposed to the herbal de-worming medicines. Six herbal de-wormers were rigorously tested, of which one (Enicostemma axillaire) was statistically significant against strongyles, one (Mucuna pruriens) was negative and the other four did not result in any conclusive outcome.

The final question was: how does all this translate into ‘numbers’ – i.e., the statistical significance of this exercise. Of the total diseases documented, 20% were prioritised for further validation. The treatments for these diseases constituted 25% of the total documented treatments. Thus, 120 treatments (20%) were categorised as ‘A’, 372 (64%) were ‘B’ treatments and the remaining 15% were ‘C’ category treatments. Of ‘B’ category, 44% or 165 treatments were used in field trials between 2000 and 2003. Some 900 ruminant cases were treated. Of these, an average 92% of the cases were cured and 8% were not cured. Similarly, 1,777 poultry were treated with 100% success. Finally, a total of 20 treatments for 10 disease conditions in ruminants and poultry in Andhra Pradesh and 14 treatments in eight disease conditions in Maharashtra met the set criteria and have been socially validated, and can be recommended to farmers for practical use.

A similar validation protocol was evolved to analyse traditional fodder varieties. Fodder varieties were indexed across region and species, categorised according to their traditional effects and further ranked based on palatability, availability and toxicity factors. Secondary literature provided information on nutritional values as also their use as fodders in other regions. Species, which had no nutritional value, were tested for DCP/TDN values. Three of the ranked fodders were also tested through feeding trials. Traditional lopping techniques were also studied to unravel their effect on the production of biomass and tree growth.


The Challenges AheadAt the end of the research period, there have been many learnings and many issues have emerged for further reflection, debate and future action. These are summarised below.

Ethno-veterinary remedies, while found effective against a wide-range of common disease conditions, are not a panacea for all disease conditions, particularly contagious diseases and emergent diseases such as peste des petits ruminants and bluetongue. They are also not a substitute for a comprehensive State public healthcare system, which has to play a critical role in preventive and curative healthcare.

Veterinarians prefer only the glamorous biotechnological aspects of the medicinal plants. In veterinary colleges, they are seldom exposed to the ‘real’ rural atmosphere and issues related to poor livestock owners. The curriculum does not really equip young veterinarians to deal with real-life field situations. The syllabus of the traditional veterinary curricula in both veterinary colleges and those of para-professionals, such as livestock supervisors, need to be updated and textbooks have to be revised appropriately. Indigenous knowledge constantly gets reduced to ‘medicinal plants’, without realising that indigenous knowledge encompasses a very holistic approach to health. It is these perspectives which urgently need to be introduced into the curriculum.

Although, modern veterinary medicine which is dependent on expensive technology and gadgets and chemically produced medicine, may appear more glamorous, the knowledge of medicinal plants holds considerable promise for the future. Many multinational corporations spend millions of dollars on research investigating the medicinal properties of various plants. Let us not forget that quinine, aspirin and penicillin were not discovered in laboratories but were used thousands of years ago by our grandmothers and healers. Introducing the knowledge of plants as well as valuable indigenous practices at the undergraduate curriculum and re-emphasising it at the post-graduate level for students of veterinary


pharmacology will ensure that students are suitably exposed to this form of knowledge at an early stage. It will also prevent the indiscriminate use of harmful drugs and toxic compounds which today threaten to irreparably harm environments. It is well known today, that many de-worming agents are known to destroy soil micro-organisms which are essential for healthy and productive agriculture. Continuous use of these medicines may, in fact, do more damage than good.

Through Anthra’s work with indigenous communities and other peasant communities that rear livestock, we recognised that, on the one hand, indigenous knowledge systems were being rapidly eroded and lost from within the common community experience. An internal threat to these knowledge systems, we observed, was the breakdown of oral traditions of knowledge transmission and loss of associated genetic materials, with obvious negative effects on community livelihoods. Fewer and fewer farmers are actually using this knowledge. The change is most visible in the agriculture and medicinal plants sectors – where people have rapidly converted their production to green-revolution inspired capital – and chemical-intensive cropping and technology use. The commoditisation of medicinal plants has resulted in huge and excessive sale of valuable plants at throw-away prices, depriving local communities of their right to use the plants. These medicines are then picked up at low costs by wholesalers and sold in large wholesale markets to pharmaceutical companies within the country or abroad. Further, the inherent threat of oppressive forest and land laws continues to threaten the indigenous communities, who are constantly engaged in a struggle against these draconian laws.

On the other hand, there has been almost a simultaneous flurry of activity in the international and national arenas, to manage and protect ‘traditional knowledge’ and its associated biological diversity by bringing these under the patents and IPR frameworks and regimes through numerous international and national treaties. We followed, analysed and studied the implications of these in the context of


our own ongoing work with peasant and indigenous communities. A significant external threat to peoples’ knowledge and its associated genetic material is in fact, many of the national and international development policies and trade regimes that promote privatisation of biodiversity, its knowledge and associated genetic material, through intellectual property rights and other patent regimes. So, on the one hand, communities increasingly have declining access to local plants due to commercial over-harvesting and loss of user rights to the resources, on the other hand, all these practices are being abstracted out of a broader context, and being identified as ‘innovations’ which have potential to be patented, commoditised, and sold as ‘ITK products’, through further scientific research. We anticipate that this latter path of research on traditional knowledge, far from enhancing access to more number of farmers, will in fact only further restrict access, as indigenous knowledge becomes a tradable commodity which will only be accessible to those who can pay.

While working with groups on local bio-diversity and its uses, we discovered that it was rare that an individual or even a small community exclusively knew the use of a particular life form. Most often, this knowledge was reasonably widespread, across a cross-section of healers, across a section of knowledgeable farmers, across village, district and often even state borders and boundaries. We have found that uses are common across continents too. Turmeric is used to heal wounds in distant Jamaica and Trinidad just as custard apple, a native of South America, is a well-known medicinal plant in India, used widely by local communities to treat maggot wounds across India and South-east Asia. While newer uses have been discovered by the community in different areas, others are known to have travelled across continents with immigrants, centuries ago. We found this to hold true in healing practices, in the use of fodder, in local breeds and crops. For instance, goat farmers all over India feed the leaf and pods of the Acacia nilotica (babool) tree to goats.


Many scientists, including veterinary scientists, have rarely been exposed to these debates and viewpoints. In fact, with the increased interest in research on indigenous knowledge, scientists within the system are being told about the need for Indian scientists to file for patents on documented indigenous knowledge. They are never really exposed to the other worldview. By accepting patent regimes for bio-diversity use, we run the risk of being discriminatory or of perhaps depriving someone equally deserving of their due share. If we talk about equity and open knowledge systems, can we afford to take such a stand?

Thus, this book aims to place in the public domain this invaluable knowledge of communities across the country in document form so that it does not get eroded with the passage of time and generations. It is also a small effort to decelerate the process of depletion of bio-diversity and environmental degradation. Importantly, we also see it as an effort to prevent unethical commercial exploitation and false patent claims.


Who This Book Is For

This book is meant for researchers, students, scientists, development workers and all those interested in plants. It should prove useful to those interested in discovering the multiple uses of different plants in different regions, especially veterinary and human healthcare.

How the Book Is To Be UsedThe book is arranged alphabetically according to the latest/best known botanical name of the plant. Since many plants have synonyms, readers will be able to trace plants through the botanical name they are familiar with, through the synonym index. Some readers, especially those specialised in botany, may have some issues with the way we have spelt the names of plants. We must provide a word of explanation. While we have tried to be as accurate as possible, especially pertaining to authority names and abbreviations and, occasionally, spellings of plant names, we noticed that the standard references contain inconsistent information; these may appear in our book as well.

Under each plant, we have given the names in Sanskrit (S), English (E), Hindi (H), Marathi (M) and Telugu (T). We have had to restrict this volume to only these languages as our research was done in Marathi and Telugu-speaking areas. Many plants used in Ayurveda are better known by their Sanskrit names. We felt an English name would benefit international readers and, finally, since Hindi is the third most widely used language in the world, it has been included. We must emphasise that this information has been collected on best-effort basis and given where it was available. Where names in one or the other language are not known, the information is not given. For plant names in Indian languages, we have used the phonetic rather than the diacritical spelling. In case the plant is known by different names in different regions of the


same state, the names appear with the district names in brackets next to it, e.g., (Latur), (East Godavari), (Medak), (Ratnagiri), (Pune) and so on.

Each plant is described according to its type: shrub, tree, herb, creeper as well as the morphological characteristics of its leaves, fruits, seeds, flowers, etc. The phenology is also given where known. However, we would like to state here that this is not primarily a botanical reference book. For such details, readers are advised to consult standard botanical reference works.

‘Source’ describes whether the plant is wild or cultivated while ‘Distribution’ gives an idea of the geographical spread of the plant in the Indian subcontinent.

Where applicable, well-known and documented, the method of propagation is given. We have refrained from classifying any plant as a weed as we felt every plant in this book has a definite use. The word ‘invasive’ has been used in cases where certain plants overrun other plants.

As mentioned earlier, there are significant differences and similarities between Ayurvedic systems and folk systems. ‘Biological Properties’ try to capture information on the chemicals found in the plant and their effect on the biological functioning. For this, we have mainly referred to the NAPRALERT Database maintained by The Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Natural Products Alert, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA (January 1999 - December 2001). This database is no longer in the public domain and access to it through the Internet has since been discontinued.

Under ‘Ayurvedic Reportage’, we have given information found in standard Ayurvedic texts in English such as Indian Medicinal Plants:


A Compendium of 500 Species (vols 1-5), by PK Warrier, VPK Nambiar and C Ramankutty, and reported the properties as described in those texts.

Information on Biological Properties and Ayurvedic Reportage has been given in alphabetical order. Over a hundred reference sources were consulted to garner this information. Where we have not found any reference in secondary literature or properties have not been described in databases, we have written NA (not available). Nonetheless, we have described how plants were used in our research. This should, in fact, give additional weightage to our work as we have continued our research, despite the fact that there was no prior leading information on that particular plant.

Finally, we have described the uses as reported in our field research which was conducted in six districts of India – East Godavari, Latur, Medak, Pune, Ratnagiri and Visakhapatnam. Where we have found the same use reported for a particular plant for diseases in animals, we have given the reference. For example, the resin of Acacia catechu was documented by us as being used for treating dysentery in Ratnagiri. Similar references for treating animals are found in (1) Jain, SK (1999); Dictionary of Ethnoveterinary Plants of India, Deep Publications New Delhi; (15) Dhanpal SB; Traditional Veterinary Medicine in Sri Lanka APHCA, Bangkok, Thailand (19) Joshi DD; Traditional Veterinary Medicine in Nepal APHCA, Bangkok, Thailand. While a long string of references after a particular use may be a strain on the eye, it actually refers to multiple reportage and adds to the value of that particular use. The plant parts used in the references may not always be identical to those we have documented, nonetheless, the reference is given. Readers will also notice that the same plant may be used to treat different conditions in different districts. In some cases, the different plant parts may be used to treat the same condition.

1.SeeIntroductionformethodofvalidation.


Where Anthra has successfully validated1 a particular use, the symbol of a single leaf as a superscript has been used. In case the plant part is used in combination with other plants, two leaves as a superscript have been used. Please note the uses in this book are indicative and not prescriptive. For details of how medicines are to be prepared, amounts and dosage, readers are referred to another publication by Anthra, namely, Bank on Hooves: Your Companion to Holistic Animal Health Care by Sagari R Ramdas and Nitya S Ghotge (Anthra, Hyderabad 2005, ISBN 81-902989-0-9).

In many cases, we have not found references for veterinary use but have found similar applications to treat human diseases or conditions. For example, the resin of Acacia catechu has also been reported for curing dysentery in human beings in (2) Chopra RN, Nayar SL and Chopra IC (1956); Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (CSIR), New Delhi, (9) Nadkarni KM (1908), Indian Materia Medica, Vol 1 & 2 Popular Prakashan, Bombay and others. These references are given in a separate paragraph titled ‘References for Human Use’.

While human diseases do not always correspond to animal diseases, these references correspond to symptoms which accompany a disease. For example, wounds and maggot wounds are a common feature of animal diseases such as foot & mouth disease. Therefore, plants which have antiseptic or wound-healing properties would also be effective to treat foot & mouth disease. Similarly, diarrhoea is a common symptom in white bacillary diarrhoea and Newcastle disease in poultry; plants reputed to have anti-diarrhoeal properties or antibiotic properties, therefore, have been marked. Finally, in some cases, we have found no references. This indicates that Anthra has documented a particular use for the first time. This reportage is important to prevent future researchers from staking commercial patent claims on these uses which are well known in different communities.


The references are not numbered alphabetically. The reason for this was that while doing the research which was spread over almost a decade, as new references came up, they were included to give additional weightage to our findings and to the validity of indigenous knowledge vested in the communities.

If the plant is reported as being a fodder species, it is mentioned along with the most well-known uses reported. If there is a suitable reference for the same property, it is given. A fodder index at the end of the veterinary use index guides readers to such plants. This information is fairly unique as many of these plants are not necessarily known for their fodder value. However, this list is by no means exhaustive. These could be plant species in our book which are grazed upon or used as fodder but have not been documented from our areas of work.

Finally, we have tried to give some additional information about the plants under the heading ‘remarks’. Some of this information is typical to the regions we have worked in; some comes from the personal experiences of the researchers and yet some other information from other countries. Such remarks are by no means exhaustive and are only an indication of the multiple uses these different plants have. This is one of the reasons that some plants have considerable information under this heading while others have scanty information and a few none at all. This is especially true for a variety of grasses.

We have also tried to provide photographs for as many as 300 plants. The collection of photographs has not been very easy. Many plants are seasonal and endemic. Their fruit and flowers are available in specific seasons, and sometimes rarely. For instance, we have managed to get photographs of bamboo flowering and of thunder lily, both extremely rare occurrences. Having a good photographer available on the spot to photograph some of these plants has not been easy. On the other hand, we have missed some well-known plants. We wish we could have


provided all the photographs but the process has been extremely time-consuming and, since they are rather well-known, we decided not to waste additional time and hold up the publication of this book. We hope the readers will bear with this lapse on the part of the team.

To make the information in the book easily searchable by readers, eight indexes have been provided. Local plants names are grouped by language – Sanskrit, English, Hindi, Marathi and Telugu – and are arranged alphabetically within them. Users can find a plant from any of these languages. However, some plants have the same local name (e.g., dudhani in Marathi and dudhi in Hindi) for two totally different species. If there is a distinguishing feature of that plant, we have put it beside the local name in brackets to help the reader in their search. However, the reader is advised to check all the plants having the same local name for the specific query. The page numbers are not given in the index as the book is arranged alphabetically according to the botanical names of plants.

A veterinary use index takes readers to the plant(s) through the name of the disease, symptom or condition. As this information has come from the field, we have kept the names as reported by the community or the documenter. In most cases, we have tried to find the most appropriate English equivalent but this has often been difficult as local communities have their own ways of describing illnesses.

There are several ‘see also’ references to guide users to conditions with similar symptoms or guide them to related terms or a term better known to them – for example, cuts (see also bruises). The ‘see’ references indicate or guide readers from a term better known to them to the one used in the book. For example, while we may have used the word ‘dystokia’ in the text, a reader may want to look for a plant for ‘difficult birthing’ which will be mentioned in the index. Similarly, the word conjunctivitis is used throughout the text, but a reader can find it in the index by searching for a cross reference for ‘eye infection’.

Plantsusedinanimalcare �

Abrus precatorius L.Family: Fabaceae

Common Names: S:GunjaE:Crab’seye,Indianliquorice,Jequirity,WildliquoriceH:Guncaci, Gunci, RattiM:Dhorgunj(Latur)GunjT:Erragurivinda, Gurivinda, Guruginja (EastGodavari)

Description:Aperennialclimber,ithaspinnatelycompoundleavesandbrightredseedswithablackpatchononesideofeachseed.

Phenology:Flowersinwinter;fruitsripeninsummer.

Source:Wild;insecondaryforests,scrubjunglesand,occasionally,onfieldbunds.

Distribution:CommoninforesttractsofIndiaandBurma,ascendingintheouterHimalayas.AseashorespeciesintheIndianarchipelago,itiscosmopolitaninthetropicsandisfoundthroughoutIndia,onhedgesandbushesinexposedareas.

Propagation:Byseeds.

Biological Properties: (6).

Dried Leaf:Anti-spasmodic.

Dried Seed:Anthelmintic,anti-diarrhoeal,inhibitsintestinalmotility.

Fresh Root:Anti-convulsant.

Seed:Anti-bacterial,anti-spasmodic,insecticide.

Ayurvedic Reportage: (7).

Leaf: Alexiteric,astringent,diuretic,emetic,sweet.

Root:Abortifacient,alexiteric,anthelmintic,anti-septic,astringent,diuretic,emetic,sweet.

Seed:Abortifacient,acrid,aphrodisiac,astringent,bitter,febrifuge,purgative,toxic,trichogenous.

Veterinary UsesEast Godavari:Foracutecolic(root);colic(leaves);ephemeralfever(root);fowlpox(leaves);skinallergy(leaves,root)(�2,�9).

Latur:Fordiarrhoea(leaves,root)(�5);haematuria(leaves);wounds(leaves)(4,�5).

Ratnagiri:Forsnakebite(leaves).

References for Human UseForacutecolic(root);colic(leaves)(3,4,5,6,�6,�7,2�);diarrhoea(leaves,root)(2�);haematuria(leaves)(4);skinallergy(leaves,root)(3,4,5,6,7,�3,�7);snakebite(leaves)(�7);wounds(leaves)(3,4,5,6,�4,�6,�7,22).

2 Plantsusedinanimalcare

RemarksTheseedsarepoisonous.Rootsareoccasionallyusedasasubstituteforortoadulterategenuineliquorice(Glycirrhiza glabra).Leaveshaveataste-distortingfactorwhichmakesthemtastesweetwhenchewed.Theseleavesareusedinpaan.Seedsstuckonhoneyandwax-rolledintoaballareusedasatoyforinfants.Traditionally,theseed(ratti)wasusedtoweighgold,pearlsandpreciousstones.

Abutilon indicum(L.)SweetFamily: Malvaceae

Synonyms:Abutilon asiaticum(L.);Sida indicaL.

Common Names: S:AtibalaE:Countrymallow,IndianabutilonH:Khangi, MudraM:PetariT:Botla benda(Medak),Duvvenaku(Visakhapatnam),Perum tutti, Ponnai thutti, Sunnam botlu kada(EastGodavari),ThuttliDescription:Amedium-sizedherborunder-shrubwithcordateleavesandbrightyellowflowers.

Phenology:Flowersandfruitsalmostthroughouttheyear.

Source:Wild;invillageenvironmentandonfieldbunds.

Distribution:ThroughoutpeninsularIndia,especiallyinthewarmerparts.

Propagation:Avigorousplantwhichcouldbepropagatedthroughseeds.

Biological Properties: (6).

Dried Entire Plant:Analgesic,anti-bacterial,anti-spasmodic.

Dried Root: Anti-bacterial.

Leaf:Anti-fungal,ecbolic.


Bark:Astringent,diuretic.

Infusion of Leaf or Root:Demulcent,diuretic.

Leaf:Demulcent.

Seed: Expectorant,laxative.

Plantsusedinanimalcare 3

Veterinary UsesEast Godavari:Forephemeralfever(root).

Latur:Forbloat(leaves);diarrhoea(leaves)(�5);dysentery(leaves).

Medak:Forhaematuria(stembark,root)(�5).

References for Human UseFordiarrhoea(leaves)(2,4,�4,�5,�7,24);dysentery(leaves)(�4,26,27);ephemeralfever(root)(2,3,6);haematuria(stembark,root)(3,5,8).

FodderThisplantisimportantasfodderduringearlymonsoonwhenitistender.Goatsandsheepgrazeupontheleaves,fruitsandpodsattheyoungstage.Itishighlypalatableandgivesstrength.Goats,sheep,cows,bullocks,buffaloes,etc.,relishthisfodder;itisespeciallygoodforincreasingmilkyieldandbloodcount,isnutritiousandgoodforhealth.Itisnotreadilyeatenwhenmature.Sincethisisalsoamedicinalplant,animalsthatfeedonitgenerallydonotsufferfromdigestivedisorders.

RemarksFruitsaredippedinlimewater(CaCo3)fordrawingdesignsonmudwallsofadivasihousesinEastGodavaridistrictofAndhraPradesh.Leavesareusedfortreatingdysmenorrhoeainwomen.

Acacia catechu(L.f.)Willd.Family: Mimosaceae

Synonyms:Acacia polyacantha Willd.;Mimosa catechuL.f.

Common Names: S:KhadirahE:CutchtreeH:KhairM:Khair T:PodalimanuDescription:Amedium-sizeddeciduoustreewithdistincthookedstipularspineshavingabroadbase.Theyoungshootsarepurplishbrown.Flowersareinaxillaryspikes;podsarethin,flatandbrown.

Phenology:Flowersappearatthebeginningofmonsoon;fruitsinwinter.

Source:Wild.Itisfoundinforests,scrubjunglesandfieldbunds.Itcanbegrowninwatershedareas.

Distribution:Sub-HimalayantractfromtheInduseastwards,ascendinginthevalleys,itisgenerallygregariousonislandsandon

4 Plantsusedinanimalcare

thebanksofriverswhentheyentertheplains.ItiscommonontheAravaliHillsandinthepeninsula.


Biological Properties: (�0).

Bark:Astringent.

Stem:Anti-septic,anti-viral,spasmolytic.

Wood:Anti-inflammatory.


Catechu / Gum:Acrid,anthelmintic,aphrodisiac,appetiser,bitter,depurative,digestive,thermogenic,tonic,vulnerary.

Heartwood:Acrid,anthelmintic,anti-dysenteric,anti-inflammatory,anti-pyretic,anti-septic,appetiser,astringent,bitter,cooling,depurative,haematinic,haemostatic,tonic.

Veterinary UsesLatur:Fordiarrhoea(resin)(�5,�9).

Ratnagiri:Fordysentery(resin)(�,�0,�5,�9,3�).

References for Human UseFordiarrhoea(resin)(2,9,��,�4,�7,30,35);dysentery(resin)(9,��,�4,�7,30,35).

FodderGoats,sheepandcattlebrowseonitstenderleaveswhichareavailablefromMaytoNovember.Leaveshavemoderatepalatabilityandareconsideredexcellentfodderforgoats.Leavesarealsooccasionallycutandfed.

RemarksThewoodishard,heavy,durableandexcellentforbuildingandspecificcarpentrywork,likehubsofbullockcartwheels.Itisalmostredwithabrowntingeandtakesafinepolish.Itisalsousefulasfuel.Thechipsoftheheartwoodyield‘kat’orcatechu,whenboiledinwater,strainedandevaporated.Woundsinthestemalsoyieldgum.

Plantsusedinanimalcare 5

Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd.Family: Mimosaceae

Synonym:MimosafarnesianaL.

Common Names: S:ArimedahE:Cassieflower,Fragrantacacia,SweetacaciaH:Gandh babul, Vilayati babulM:Dev babhulT:Kasturi tummaDescription:Alargespinyshrubwithslendergreybranches.Theflowersareinyellow,sweetly-scentedgloboseheadssimilartobabhulflowers.

Phenology:Flowersinwinter;fruitsripenatthebeginningofmonsoon.

Source:Wildinvillageenvirons,wastelandsandfieldbunds.

Distribution:InIndiasouthoftheHimalayas;indigenoustoAmericabutnaturalisedthroughoutIndiaandBurma.


Biological Properties: NA.

Ayurvedic Reportage:(8,9).

Bark:Astringent.

Flower:Stimulating.

Pod:Alterative,astringent.

Veterinary UsesLatur:Forcolic(kernelpods);diarrhoea(leaves).

FodderGoatsbrowseontheseleaves,thoughitisnotaveryimportantfodderspecies.

RemarksFlowerswereusedearlierforscentandperfumery.GumexudingfromthebarkisagoodsubstituteforGumArabic.

PlantsUsedinAnimalCare 435

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112. Sen,SandBatra,A:“Ethno-medico-botanyofHouseholdRemediesofPhagiTehsilofJaipurDistrict(Rajasthan)”,Ethnobotany, 9(1and2),1997,pp.122-128.

113. Sharma,S:“BridgingtheGenerationGapofKnowledge:BiodiversityCompetitioninHimachal”,Honey Bee, 9(4),1998,p.7.

114. Almeida,MR:Flora of Maharashtra,volIIIA-B,ThomasPaulAlmeida,Mumbai,2001.

115. Chandra,SSandRana,AR:“IndigenousKnowledgeonMedicinalPlantsandTheirUseinNarayanSarovarSanctuaryKachchh”,Ethnobotany,12(1and2),2000,pp.1-7.

116. Cooke,Theodore:Flora of the Presidency of Bombay,vols1and2,BishenSinghMahendraPalSingh,DehraDun(Reprint1903).

117. Kshirsagar,RDandSingh,NP:“LessKnownEthno-medicinalUsesofPlantsReportedbyJenukurubaTribeofMysoreDistrictSouthernIndia”, Ethnobotany,12(1and2),2000,pp.118-122.

118. Sharma,BD;Karthikeyan,SandSingh,NP:Flora of Maharashtra State: Monocotyledons,BotanicalSurveyofIndia,Calcutta,India,1996.


119. Singh,NPet al:Flora of Maharashtra State: Dicotyledons”,vols1-2,BotanicalSurveyofIndia,Calcutta,2001.

120. Brandis,D:Indian Trees,PeriodicalExpertsBookAgency,NewDelhiandInternationalBookDistributors,Dehradun,1906.

121. Pal,DC:“ObservationsonFolkloreaboutPlantsUsedinVeterinaryMedicineinBengal,OrissaandBihar”,Bulletin of theBotanical Survey of India,22(1-4),1980,pp.96-99.

122. Datta,Bhaskar:“Ethno-botanicalResourcesofChhatarpurDistrict(MadhyaPradesh)”,pp.400-402,inJain,SK(Ed):Ethnobiology in Human Welfare, DeepPublications,NewDelhi,1996.

123. Sivarajan,VVandBalachandran,Indira:Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources,OxfordandIBHPublishing,NewDelhi,1994.

124. Ramdas,SagariRandGhotge,NityaS:Ethno-veterinary Research in India: An Annotated Bibliography,Pune,Anthra,2004.

125. DawaDoctor:A Clear Mirror of Tibetan Medicinal Plants,TibetanDomani,Rome,1999.

126. Singh,RV:Fodder Trees of India, OxfordandIBHPublishing,NewDelhi,1982.

127. Bor,NL:The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan (Excluding Bambusae), PergamonPress,Oxford,1960(IndianreprintbyInternationalBookDistributors,DehradunandPeriodicalExpertBookAgency,NewDelhi,1979).

128. Hodd,TodyandHodd,Patricia:Grasses of Western India, BombayNaturalHistorySociety,Bombay,1982.

129. Rolla,SheshagiriRao:Flora of East Godavari District Andhra Pradesh India,INTACH,Hyderabad,1999.


A

Aaksan Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.Aconitebean Vigna aconitifolia( Jacq.)MarechalAdamantcreeper Cissus quadrangularisL.Adzukibean Vigna angularis (Willd.)Ohwi&

Ohashi Africangram Vigna trilobata VerdcourtAfricanmarigold Tagetes erectaL.Africanmillet Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Agave Agave species Airpotato Dioscorea bulbifera L.Alexandrianlaurel Calophyllum inophyllum L.Almonditree Buchanania lanzanSpreng.Aloevera Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f. Ambillatree Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.Americanaloe Agave americana L.Angel’strumpet Datura metelL.Arabictree Acacia nilotica (L.)Del.Arecanuttree Areca catechu L.Arjun Terminalia arjuna(Roxb.exDC.)

Wt.&Arn.Asafoetida Ferula asafoetida L.Asiaticbeechberry Gmelina asiatica L.Asteracantha Asteracantha longifolia(L.)NeesAsthmaweed Euphorbia hirtaL.Axlewood Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)

Wall.exBedd.

B

Babul Acacia nilotica (L.)Del. Badharabush Gmelina asiatica L.Baeltree Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.Bahamagrass Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum L.Bamboo Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi (Munro)

Naithani Pseudoxytenantherastocksii(Munro)

NaithaniBanana Musa paradisiaca L. Ficus benghalensisL.Barbadosaloe Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f.Barley Hordeum vulgareL.

Barnyardmillet Echinochloa colona (L.)LinkBastardsandal Erythroxylon monogynumRoxb.Beetlekiller Clerodendron serratum(L.)MoonBelliricmyrobalan Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.Bengalcurrant Carissa congesta WightBengalgram Cicer arietinum L.Bengalspiderwort Commelina benghalensisL.Benteak Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wt.Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Betelleafvine Piper betelL.Betelyam Dioscorea oppositifoliaL.Betelnuttree Areca catechu L.Bimli Hibiscus cannabinus L.Bimlipatamjute Hibiscus cannabinus L.Birdlinetree Cordia dichotomaForst.f.Bishop’sweed Carum copticum (L.)Hiern.Bitterapple Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr.Bittergourd Momordica charantiaL.Bitterwildcucumber Cucumis trigonusL.Bitteryam Dioscorea bulbifera L.Blackbabool Acacia nilotica (L.)Del.Blackcreeper Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.)R.Br.Blackcurrant Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.Blackgram Vigna mungo(L.)HepperBlackmustard Brassica nigra(L.)KochBlackpepper Piper nigrumL.Blackplum Syzigium cumini(L.)SkeelsBlacksiris Albizia odoratissima(L.f.)Benth.Blackwood Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb.Bombaygrass Bothriochloa pertusa(L.)A.CamusBone-setter Cissus quadrangularisL.Bracteatedbirthwort Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.Brilliantgardenia Gardenia resiniferaRothBrinjal Solanum melongena L.Broadbean Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.Broomcreeper Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.Broomweed Sida acutaBurm.f.Bryony Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud.Bryophyllum Kalanchoe pinnata(Lamk.)Pers.Bullock'sheart Annona reticulata L.Bulrush Typha angustifolia L.Burbush Triumfetta malabarica Koen.exRottb.Burweed Triumfetta malabarica Koen.exRottb.Buttertree Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBride

English Botanical Name

Index

English Botanical Name


C

Cambiresintree Gardenia resiniferaRothCamphortree Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl.Caraway Carum carviL.Carillafruit Momordica charantiaL.Carpetgrass Alloteropsis cimicina(L.)StapfCarraycheddie Canthium coromandelicum

(N.Burm.)AlstonCashewnuttree Anacardium occidentale L.Cassieflower Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd.Castor Ricinus communis L.Cat’shair Euphorbia hirtaL.Centuryplant Agave americana L.Ceyloncaper Capparis zeylanicaL.Ceylonrosewood Albizia odoratissima(L.f.)Benth.Chebulicmyrobalan Terminalia chebulaRetz.Chickpea Cicer arietinum L.Chillies Capsicum annuum L.Chinesehibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL.Chineselanterntree Dichrostachys cinerea(L.)Wight

&Arn.Chineseyampotato Dioscorea bulbifera L.Chirpine Pinus roxburghii Sarg.Chirati Melothria maderaspatana(L.)Roem.Citron Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

SwingleClammycherry Cordia dichotomaForst.f.Clearingnuttree Strychnos potatorum L.f. Climbingflax Hugonia mystax L.Climbingstaffplant Celastrus paniculatusWilld.Clitoria Clitoria ternateaL.Clovetree Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerryClusterbean Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L.)Taub.Clusterfig Ficus racemosaL.Coatbuttons Tridax procumbensL.Cochinturmeric Curcuma amada Roxb.Cockspurflower Colebrookea oppositifoliaSm.Coconut Cocos nucifera L.Cocoyam Colocasia esculenta (L.)SchottColocynth Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr.Commonbasil Ocimum basilicum L.Commoncow-itch Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Commonemeticnut Randia spinosa Poir.Commonguava Psidium guajavaL.Commonjujube Zizyphus mauritianaLamk.Commonmilkhedge Euphorbia ligularia Roxb.Commonmillet Panicum miliaceumL.

Conessi Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall.exG.Don.

Confettitree Maytenus senegalensis(Lam.)Excell.Coombteak Gmelina arboreaRoxb.Coraljasmine Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.Coriander Coriandrum sativumL.Corkswallow-wort Leptadenia reticulata Wt.&Arn.Corn Zea maysL.Coromandelebony Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.Costus Costus speciosus(KoenigexRetz.)

J.E.SmithCotton Gossypium herbaceumL.Couchgrass Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Countryfig Ficus racemosaL.Countryipecacuanha Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)MerrillCountrysarasaparilla Hemidesmus indicus (L.)R.Br.Cowpea Vigna unguiculata subsp.cylindrica

(L.)vanEseltineCowhage Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Crab’seye Abrus precatorius L.Creat Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNeesCreepingpanicgrass Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Crotonoilplant Croton roxburghii Balakr.Crowfootgrass Dactyloctenium aegyptiumBeauv.Crowsfootgrass Dactyloctenium aegyptiumBeauv.Cumin Cuminum cyminum L.Curacaoaloe Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f.Curryleaves Murraya koenigili (L.)Spreng.Custardapple Annona squamosa L.Cutchtree Acacia catechu(L.f.)Willd.Cypressshrub Lawsonia inermisL.

D

Deadseaapple Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br.Deccanhemp Hibiscus cannabinus L.Delhigrass Dicanthium annulatum(Forssk.)StapfDesertdate Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)Del.Devil’sdung Ferula asafoetida L.Devil’sgold Croton roxburghii Balakr.Devil’stree Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.Dhubgrass Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Diffusehogweed Boerhavia chinensis (L.)Heimerl.Distiller’sacacia Acacia leucophloeaWilld.Dodder Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.Dogmustard Cleome viscosaL.

English Botanical NameEnglish Botanical Name


Dogwoodapple Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem.Drumsticktree Moringa oleiferaLam.

E

EastIndian Sphaeranthus indicusL.globe-thistleEastIndianwalnut Albizia lebbeck(L.)Willd.EastIndianscrewtree Helicteres isoraL.Ebony Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Edible-stemmedvine Cissus quadrangularisL.Eggplant Solanum melongena L.Egyptianprivet Lawsonia inermisL.Elephantgrass Typha angustifolia L.Embelia Embelia ribesBurm.f.Eucalyptus Eucalyptus species

F

Falseblackpepper Embelia ribesBurm.f.Falsesandal Ximenia americanaL.Fennel Foeniculum vulgare Mill.Fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecumL.Fevernut Caesalpinia bonduc (L.)Roxb.Field-pea Pisum arvenseL.Fingermillet Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Fire-flamebush Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzFish-tailpalm Caryota urens L.Five-leavedchastetree Vitex negundoL.Flameoftheforest Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.Flaxplant Linum usitatissimum L.Foetidcassia Cassia tora L.Foxtailmillet Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.Fragrantacacia Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd.Frangipani Plumeria rubra L.

G

Gardenia Gardenia latifolia AitonGarlic Allium sativum L.Gasambilla Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.Ghaf Prosopis cineraria (L.)DruceGhobi Launaea procumbens(Roxb.)

Ram.Raj.

Giantmilkweed Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.Giantpotato Ipomoea mauritianaJacq.Giantswallow-wort Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.Gingelly Sesamum orientaleL.Ginger Zingiber officinalisRosc.Gingergrass Panicum repens L.Glorylily Gloriosa superba L.Glorytree Clerodendron infortunatumauct.

nonL.Goldenyellow Crotolaria retusaL. sweetpeaGovernor’splum Flacourtia indica(Burm.f.)Merr.Greatneem Melia dubiaCav.Greatwoolly Callicarpa tomentosa(L.)Murr.MalayanlilacGreatergalangal Alpinia galanga (L.)SwartzGreekhayes Trigonella foenum-graecumL.Greenchiretta Andrographis paniculata (Burmf.)

Wall.exNeesGreenpea Pisum sativumL.Green-gram Vigna radiata (L.)R.WilczekGreeneebony Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb.persimmonGreypea Pisum arvenseL.Groundnut Arachis hypogea L.Guava Psidium guajavaL.Gulanchatinospora Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)

MiersexHook.f.&Thoms.Gularfig Ficus racemosaL.Gumtree Eucalyptus species

H

Haldu Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Heart’spea Cardiospermum halicacabum L.Henna Lawsonia inermisL.Hilllotus Smilax zeylanicaL.Hispid Acanthospermum hispidumDC.Hogweed Boerhavia diffusaL.Holybasil Ocimum tenuiflorumL.Holyfruittree Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.Horsegram Dolichos biflorusL.Humbleplant Mimosa pudica L.Hygrophila Asteracantha longifolia(L.)Nees



I

Indianabutilon Abutilon indicum (L.)SweetIndianaloe Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f.Indianbeech Pongamia pinnata (L.)PierreIndianbirthwort Aristolochia indica L.Indianboxwood Gardenia latifolia AitonIndiancaper Capparis sepiariaL.Indiancoraltree Erythrina variegata L.Indiancorn Zea maysL.Indianelm Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch.Indianfoxtailmillet Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.Indiangooseberry Emblica officinalisGaertn.Indiangum Acacia nilotica (L.)Del.Indianhemp Cannabis sativaL.Indianipecacuanha Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)MerrillIndianjujube Zizyphus mauritianaLamk.Indiankinotree Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb.Indiankudzu Pueraria tuberosa DC.Indianlaburnum Cassia fistula L.Indianlaurel Terminalia crenulata Roth Indianlilac Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Indianliquorice Abrus precatorius L.Indianlovegrass Eragrostis pilosa(L.)P.Beauv.Indianmallow Abutilon indicum (L.)SweetIndianoak Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn.Indianolibanumtree Boswellia serrata Roxb. Indianpennywort Centella asiatica(L.)Urban.Indianpricklyash Zanthoxylum rhetsa(Roxb.)DC.Indianredwood Soymida febrifuga(Roxb.)A.Juss.Indianrosewood Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb.Indiansarasaparilla Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.Indiantrumpettree Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Indianturnsole Heliotropium indicum L.Indianwireweed Sida acutaBurm.f.IndianZehneria Melothria heterophylla(Lowr.)Cogn.Inkberry Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.Ipoctree Antiaria toxicaria (Perss) Lesch.Italianmillet Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.Ivygourd Coccinia grandis (L.)Voigt

J

Jackaljujube Zizyphus oenoplia(L.)Mill.Jackal'stobacco Lobelia nicotianaefolia Rothex

Roem.&Schult.

Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.Jaffarabadaloe Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f.Jamaicamandarinorange Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)CorreaJamaicasorrel Hibiscus sabdariffaL.Jaman Syzigium cumini(L.)SkeelsJambolan Syzigium cumini(L.)SkeelsJavagalangal Alpinia galanga (L.)SwartzJequirity Abrus precatorius L.Jhingam Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.Job'stears Coix lacryma-jobiL.Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense (L.)Pers.

K

Kalmegh Andrographis paniculata (Burm f.) Wall.exNees

Kangaroograss Themeda quadrivalvis (L.)O.Ktze.Kanju Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch.Kashmeritree Gmelina arboreaRoxb.Kate-kumbal Xantolis tomentosa (Roxb.)Rafin.Kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus L.Khejri Prosopis cineraria (L.)DruceKodomillet Paspalum scroviculatum L.Kokambuttertree Garcinia indica (DuPetit-Thou.)

ChoisyKurchi Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don.Kydia Kydia calycinaRoxb.

L

Lagerstromia Lagerstroemia parvifloraRoxb.Land-caltrops Tribulus terrestrisL.Lantanaweed Lantana camaraL.Largecrabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.Lemon Citrus limon(L.) Burm.f.Lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)StapfLinseed Linum usitatissimum L.Lion’sear Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br.Littlemillet Panicum sumatrenseRothexRoem. &Schult.Longpepper Piper longumL.



M

Mackaybean Entada pursaethaDC.Madagascarplum Flacourtia indica(Burm.f.)Merr.Madrasgram Dolichos biflorusL.Madrasthorn Pithecelobium dulceBenth.Maize Zea maysL.Malabarglorylily Gloriosa superba L.Malabarjasmine Jasminum malabaricumWt.Malabarkinotree Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb.Malabarneemwood Melia dubiaCav.Malabarnut Justicia adathodaL.Mango Mangifera indica L.Mango-ginger Curcuma amada Roxb.Manilatamarind Pithecelobium dulceBenth.Margosatree Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Marigold Tagetes erectaL.Markingnuttree Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Masttree Polyalthea longifolia (Sonn.)Thw.Mathbean Vigna aconitifolia ( Jacq.)Marechal Mauritiangrass Apluda mutica L.Mexicanpoppy Argemone mexicana L.Milk-bush Euphorbia tirucalliL.Mountainebony Diospyros montana Roxb.Murainagrass Ischaemum tumidumStapfexBorMuskdeerplant Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem.Mussaenda Mussaenda glabrata(Hook.f.)

Hutch.exGambleMustard Brassica juncea (L.)Czern.&Coss.Mysorethorn Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth)Alst.

N

Nakedmaiden Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wt.oftheforestNana Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wt.Neemtree Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Negrocoffee Cassia occidentalisL.Nickerbean Entada pursaethaDC.Niger Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass.Nightjasmine Nyctanthes arbor-tristisL.Noblecane Saccharum officinarumL.Nutgrass Cyperus rotundusL.Nutmegtree Myristica fragrans Houtt.

O

Obscuremorningglory Ipomoea obscura (L.)Ker-Gawl.Oleander Nerium indicum Mill.Olibanum Boswellia serrata Roxb. Onion Allium cepa L.Opiumpoppy Papaver somnifera L.Oppositeleavedfig Ficus hispidaL.f.Orangeberry Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)CorreaOrientalcashew Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.

P

Paddy Oryza sativaL.Paintedmilkweed Euphorbia geniculataOrteg.Palaindigoplant Wrightia tinctoria Br.Palmyrapalm Borassus flabelliferL.Pandanus Pandanus odoratissimusL. f.Papawtree Carica papayaL.Papaya Carica papayaL.Patagonianbean Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.Patanaoak Careya arborea Roxb.Pathari Launaea procumbens(Roxb.)

Ram.Raj.Peanut Arachis hypogea L.Pearlmillet Pennisetum typhoideum L.Peepultree Ficus religiosaL.Pencilcactus Euphorbia tirucalliL.Pergularia Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.Periplocaofthewoods Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br.Pigeonpea Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp.Pigweed Boerhavia diffusaL.Pinkfloweredginger Zingiber roseum Roxb.(Rosc.)Plantain Musa paradisiaca L.Pointed-leavedhogweed Boerhavia chinensis (L.)Heimerl.Poorlandflatsedge Cyperus compressus L.Portiatree Thespesia populnea(L.)Soland

exCorreaPotatobushi Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir.Pricklyamaranth Amaranthus spinosus L.Pricklychaff-flower Achyranthes asperaL.plant Pricklyleaved Elephantopus scaberL.elephant’sfootPricklypoppy Argemone mexicana L.Pumpkin Cucurbita maxima DuchesnePuncture-vine Tribulus terrestrisL.



Purgingcroton Croton roxburghii Balakr.Purgingfistula Cassia fistula L.Purpletephrosia Tephrosia purpurea(L.)Pers.

Q

Quailgrass Celosia argentea L.

R

Rafterwood Cleistanthus collinus(Roxb.) Bth.exHook.f.

Ragi Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Rat’stailgrass Sehima nervosum (Roth)Stapf Redcedar Erythroxylon monogynumRoxb.Redcreeper Ventilago calyculata Tul.Redlentil Lens culinarisMedic.Redsandalwood Pterocarpus santalinusL.Redsanders Pterocarpus santalinusL.Redsilkcotton Bombax ceiba L.Ribbedgourd Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.Rice Oryza sativaL.Riceflatsedge Cyperus iriaL.Ridgedgourd Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.Roselle Hibiscus sabdariffaL.Roundmilkhedge Euphorbia tirucalliL.Rubywood Pterocarpus santalinusL.Rumberry Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)Correa

S

Sacredfig Ficus religiosaL.Saffronteak Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Sageleavedalangium Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang.Sapodillaplum Achras zapota L.Sapota Achras zapota L.Saraswaty’sleaf Clerodendron infortunatumauct.

nonL.Sarub Tamarix ericoidesRottl.Satinwoodtree Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.Screw-pine Pandanus odoratissimusL. f.Sensitiveplant Mimosa pudica L.Sesame Sesamum orientaleL.Sessilejoyweed Alternanthera sessilis(L.)R.Br.

exDC.

Shaitanwood Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.Shiranjitea Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzShoe-flower Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL.Shrubbybasil Ocimum gratissimum L.Siameseroughbush Streblus asper Lour.Sikerpud Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC.Siristree Albizia lebbeck(L.)Willd.Sissoo Dalbergia sissooRoxb.Slowmatchtree Careya arborea Roxb.SmallCashmeretree Gmelina asiaticaL.Smallchireta Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal SmallIndianoak Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn.SmallIndian Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm.snowberrySnakegourd Trichosanthes cucumerinaL.Sneezingsilkcotton Wattakaka volubilis(L.f.)StapfSoapnut Sapindus emarginatus Vahl.Soapnuttree Sapindus laurifoliusVahl.Soap-nutacacia Acacia sinuata (Lour.)Merr.Sodomapple Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br.Sorghum Sorghum vulgarePers.Sourlime Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

SwingleSpeargrass Heteropogon contortus (L.)P.Beauv.

exR.&S.Spinousfluggea Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.)

Muell.-Arg.Squash Cucurbita maxima DuchesneStarburr Acanthospermum hispidumDC.Stickycleome Cleome viscosaL.Stinkingweed Cassia occidentalisL.Stonefig Ficus tinctoria Forst.Strychninetree Strychnos nux-vomica L.Sugarcane Saccharum officinarumL.Sunhemp Crotolaria junceaL.Sweetacacia Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd.Sweetbasil Ocimum basilicum L.Sweetflag Acorus calamus L.Sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas (L.)Lam.Sweetsop Annona squamosa L.Swollenfingergrass Chloris barbata SwartzSwordbean Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.

T

Tamarindtree Tamarindus indicaL.Tanner’scassia Cassia auriculataL.



Taro Colocasia esculenta (L.)SchottTea Camellia sinensis L.(Kuntze)Teak Tectona grandisL.f.Tellicherrybark Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-

Ham.)Wall.exG.Don.Tendu Diospyros montana Roxb.Thornapple Datura metelL.Thornybamboo Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)

Willd.Three-leavedchastetree Vitex trifoliaL.Thumbe Leucas aspera (Willd.)LinkThunderlily Pancratium triflorumRoxb.Tinospora Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)

MiersexHook.f.&Thoms.Tobacco Nicotiana tabacumL.Torpedograss Panicum repens L.Touch-me-not Mimosa pudica L.Trailingeclipta Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.Travancoresacktree Antiaria toxicaria (Pers.)Lesch.Treeofheaven Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Tuliptree Thespesia populnea(L.)Soland

exCorreaTurmeric Curcuma longaL.Turmericwood Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.

U

Upastree Antiaria toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.

W

Weaver’sbeamtree Schrebera swietenioidesRoxb.Wheat Triticum aestivumL.Whitebabool Acacialeucophloea Willd.Whitejute Corchorus capsularisL.Whiteleadwort Plumbago zeylanicaL.Whitepavetta Pavetta crassicaulisBremenk.

Whiteteak Gmelina arboreaRoxb.Wildasparagus Asparagus racemosus Willd.Wildbanana Ensete superbum (Roxb.)Chees.Wilddate-palm Phoenix sylvestris(L.)Roxb.Wildginger Zingiber roseum Roxb.(Rosc.)WildIndianbrinjal Solanum anguivi Lam.Wildindigo Tephrosia purpurea(L.)Pers.Wildjasmine Jasminum malabaricumWt.Wildjujube Zizyphus rugosaLamk.Wildlime Atalantia monophyllaCorr.Wildliquorice Abrus precatorius L.Wildmustard Cleome viscosaL.Wildplum Ximenia americanaL.Wildridgegourd Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.Wildsage Lantana camaraL.Wildturmeric Curcuma aromatica Salisb.Windkiller Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.)

O.Ktze.Wintercherry Cardiospermum halicacabum L.Wintercherry Withania somnifera(L.)DunalWodier Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.Woodapple Feronia elephantum CorreaWoodfordia Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzWormkiller Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.Wrinkledjujube Zizyphus rugosaLamk.

Y

Yellowberried Solanum virginianum L.nightshadeYellowflowered Cochlospermum religiosum(L.)AlstoncottontreeYellowfoxtailgrass Setaria pallidefusca (Schumach.)

Stapf&C.E.Hubb.YellowMexicanpoppy Argemone mexicana L.Yellowteak Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Yellowzedoary Curcuma aromatica Salisb.



A

Aak Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br.Aam Mangifera indica L.Adrak Zingiber officinalisRosc.Adulsa Justicia adathodaL.Afim Papaver somnifera L.Agumaki Melothria maderaspatana(L.)Roem.Aila Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth)Alst.Ainta Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.)

Muell.-Arg.Ajwain Carum copticum (L.)Hiern.Akad Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br.Akashbel Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.Akashgadda Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.)

C.B.Cl.Akdo Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br.Alsi Linum usitatissimum L.Amaltas Cassia fistula L.Amarabel Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.Amba-haldi Curcuma amada Roxb.Ambadi Hibiscus cannabinus L.Amla Emblica officinalisGaertn.Amli Tamarindus indicaL.Ampli Tamarindus indicaL.Amrita Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)

MiersexHook.f.&Thoms.Amrud Psidium guajavaL.Anantamul Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.Angol Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang.Antamul Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)MerrillAparajita Clitoria ternateaL.Arabi Meyna laxiflora RobynsArdanda Capparis zeylanicaL.Arhar Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp.Arjun Terminalia arjuna(Roxb.exDC.)

Wt.&Arn.Arlu Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Arvi Colocasia esculenta (L.)SchottAsain Terminalia crenulata RothAsgandh Withania somnifera(L.)DunalAshok Polyalthea longifolia (Sonn.)Thw.Ashwagandha Withania somnifera(L.)DunalAwal Cassia auriculataL.

B

Baans Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi (Munro) Naithani

Pseudoxytenantherastocksii(Munro) Naithani

Babri Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.Babul Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. Babur Acacia nilotica (L.) Del.Babuyitulsi Ocimum basilicum L.Bache Acorus calamus L.Bad Ficus benghalensisL.Badanjan Solanum melongena L.Badhara Gmelina asiatica L.Badiindrayan Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr.Badrang Zanthoxylum rhetsa(Roxb.)DC.Baikal Maytenus senegalensis(Lam.)Excell.Baingan Solanum melongena L.Bajguriya Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud.Bajra Pennisetum typhoideum L.Bakali Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)

Wall.exBedd.Bankapas Thespesia lampas(Cav.)Alef.Bantulsi Ocimum gratissimum L.Ban-nimbu Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)CorreaBanda Viscum articulatumBurm.f.Bandar-ki-rakhi Mimosa hamata Willd.Bankalmi Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb.Banpals Schrebera swietenioidesRoxb.Bans Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd.Banskeora Agave americana L.Bansa Justicia adathodaL.Barajauvar Zea maysL.Baranibu Citrus limon(L.) Burm.f.Baranimbu Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

SwingleBarabi Entada pursaethaDC.Bargat Ficus benghalensisL.Bariara Sida acutaBurm.f.Barikasaumdi Cassia occidentalisL.Barisaunf Foeniculum vulgareMill.Baru Sorghum halepense (L.)Pers.Bashing Justicia adathodaL.Bastra Callicarpa tomentosa(L.)Murr.Bat Ficus benghalensisL.Bedina Mussaenda glabrata(Hook.f.)Hutch.

exGambleBeheda Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.

Hindi Botanical NameHindi Botanical Name


Bel Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.Beli Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem.Bemgsag Centella asiatica(L.)Urban.Ber Zizyphus mauritianaLamk.Beri Zizyphus mauritianaLamk.Bhabhiramg Embelia ribesBurm.f.Bhaira Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.Bhamgra Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.Bhandber Zizyphus rugosaLamk.Bhandar Carvia callosa (Wall.)Bremek.Bharangi Clerodendrom serratum(L.)MoonBhatbhamt Argemone mexicana L.Bhates Clerodendron infortunatumauct.

nonL.Bhela Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Bhilawa Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Bhilaykand Ipomoea mauritianaJacq.Bhilun Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Bhirri Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.Bhivia Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.Bhogar Garuga pinnata Roxb.Bhokar Cordia dichotomaForst.f.Bhringraj Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.Bhuyikohada Ipomoea mauritianaJacq.Bia Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb.Bijasal Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb.Bijaura Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&

Panz.)SwingleBilangra Flacourtia indica(Burm.f.)Merr.Binda Colebrookea oppositifoliaSm.Bindu Colebrookea oppositifoliaSm.Birhatta Solanum anguivi Lam.Bislambi Cucumis trigonusL.Bistendu Diospyros montana Roxb.Brahmamanduki Centella asiatica(L.)Urban.Budu Viscum articulatumBurm.f.

C

Chai Camellia sinensis L.(Kuntze)Chakunda Cassia tora L.Chakvan Cassia tora L.Champa Plumeria rubra L.Chana Cicer arietinum L.Charas Cannabis sativaL.Chattiyan Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.Chaturang Lantana camaraL.

Chaval Oryza sativaL.Chaya Aerva lanata(L.)Juss.exSchultesCheena Panicum miliaceumL.Chhanahri Ficus tinctoria Forst.Chhatim Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.Chichimda Achyranthes asperaL.Chikti Triumfetta malabarica Koen.exRottb.Chiku Achras zapota L.Chilbil Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch.Chir Pinus roxburghii Sarg.Chirchita Achyranthes asperaL.Chirouchi Buchanania lanzanSpreng.Chita Plumbago zeylanicaL.Chitrai Plumbago zeylanicaL.Chitrak Plumbago zeylanicaL.Chhotachirayita Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal Chhotahalkkusa Leucas aspera (Willd.)LinkChurna Zizyphus rugosaLamk.

D

Dadu Ficus tinctoria Forst.Dalme Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm.Debdari Polyalthea longifolia (Sonn.)Thw.Deccanidevdar Erythroxylon monogynumRoxb.Deshiawal Cassia auriculataL.Dhak Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.Dhaman Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl.Dhamni Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl.Dhan Oryza sativaL.Dhania Coriandrum sativumL.Dhatura Datura metelL.Dhaura Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)

Wall.exBedd.Dhava Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)

Wall.exBedd.Dhawi Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzDhawla Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzDhay Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzDhela Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang.Dhera Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang.Dhewtie Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzDikamali Gardenia resiniferaRothDori Leptadenia reticulata Wt.&Arn.Dub Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Dudhi Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don.



Dudhi Wrightia tinctoriaBr.Dudhi(kali) Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.)R.Br.Dudhi(lal) Euphorbia hirtaL.Duk Anacardium occidentale L.Durba Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.

E

Erand Ricinus communis L.Erandi Ricinus communis L.

G

Gabdi Cochlospermum religiosum (L.)AlstonGajara Cochlospermum religiosum (L.)AlstonGahat Dolichos biflorusL.Galphule Cyathocline purpurea(Buch.-Ham.

exD.Don)O.Ktze.Gamari Gmelina arboreaRoxb.Gambhari Gmelina arboreaRoxb.Gandhbabul Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd.Gandhatrina Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)StapfGanja Cannabis sativaL.Ganna Saccharum officinarumL.Gantha Schrebera swietenioidesRoxb.Garari Cleistanthus collinus(Roxb.)Bth.ex

Hook.f.Garbijaur Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)Robins.Gargunaru Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud.Gehu Triticum aestivumL.Genda Tagetes erectaL.Gethi Dioscorea bulbifera L.Ghaneri Lantana camaraL.Ghansari Croton roxburghii Balakr.Ghansur Croton roxburghii Balakr.Ghikumar Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f.Ghikumari Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f.Ghodlimb Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Ghoolar Ficus racemosaL.Ghunghunian Crotolaria retusaL. Ghurgia Gardenia turgidaRoxb.Giloy Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)

MiersexHook.f.&Thoms.Girimala Cassia fistula L.Gobhi Elephantopus scaberL.Gobla Ficus hispidaL.f.

Gojakantemath Amaranthus spinosus L.Gokharu Tribulus terrestrisL.Goki Schrebera swietenioidesRoxb.Gonacha Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Gondi Cordia dichotomaForst.f.Gopurchampa Plumeria rubra L.Gorakhganja Aerva lanata(L.)Juss.exSchultesGorbache Acorus calamus L.Goti Zizyphus xylopyra (Retz.)Willd.Gubal Alysicarpus longifolius (Rottl.ex

Spreng.)Wt.&Arn.Gudmar Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br.Gudrisag Alternanthera sessilis(L.)R.Br.ex

DC.Gulancha Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)

MiersexHook.f.&Thoms.Gunchachi Abrus precatorius L.Gunchi Abrus precatorius L.Gunkar Themeda quadrivalvis (L.)O.Ktze.Gwar Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L.)Taub.

H

Hadjod Cissus quadrangularisL.Hadjora Cissus quadrangularisL.Haldawu Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Haldi Curcuma longaL.Haldu Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Harad Terminalia chebulaRetz.Harara Terminalia chebulaRetz.Hardu Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Harra Terminalia chebulaRetz.Harsingar Nyctanthes arbor-tristisL.Hartto Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.)

Muell.-Arg.Hattasura Heliotropium indicum L.Hawar Dolichandrone falcata (Wall.exDC.)

Seem.Hejurchei Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br.Hena Lawsonia inermisL.Hing Ferula asafoetida L.Hingan Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)Del.Hulhul Cleome viscosaL.Hurhur Cleome viscosaL.



I

Imli Tamarindus indicaL.Indrayan Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr.Ingudi Ximenia americanaL.Isarmul Aristolochia indica L.Isvarmul Aristolochia indica L.

J

Jaiphal Myristica fragrans Houtt.Jakhm-e-hayat Kalanchoe pinnata(Lamk.)Pers.Jaljamni Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.Jaman Syzigium cumini(L.)SkeelsJambhal Syzigium cumini(L.)SkeelsJambira Citrus limon(L.) Burm.f.Jamti-ki-bel Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.Jamun Syzigium cumini(L.)SkeelsJangigobi Launaea procumbens(Roxb.)Ram.Raj.Jasum Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL.Jasund Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.Jasut Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL.Jau Hordeum vulgareL.Java Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL.Jawar Sorghum vulgarePers.Jeera Cuminum cyminum L.Jhangora Echinochloa colona (L.)LinkJhanijhora Bauhinia racemosa Lamk.Jhaura Tamarix ericoidesRottl.Jhingan Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.Jhinjeri Bauhinia racemosa Lamk.Jhungra Echinochloa colona (L.)LinkJoar Sorghum vulgarePers.Jungleindrayan Cucumis trigonusL.Junglejalebi Pithecelobium dulceBenth.Junglibajri Typha angustifolia L.Junglichachinda Trichosanthes cucumerinaL.Jungligailia Alysicarpus longifolius (Rottl.ex

Spreng.)Wt.&Arn.Junglihaldi Curcuma aromatica Salisb.Junglikeli Ensete superbum (Roxb.)Chees.Junglilakuch Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.Junglimath Vigna trilobata VerdcourtJunglinimbu Atalantia monophyllaCorr.Junglipadval Trichosanthes cucumerinaL.Junglipikvam Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)MerrillJungliturai Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.Jutak Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.

K

Kachri Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall.exG.Don.

Kaddu Cucurbita maxima DuchesneKadipatta Murraya koenigii (L.)Spreng.Kahu Terminalia arjuna(Roxb.exDC.)

Wt.&Arn.Kahua Terminalia arjuna(Roxb.exDC.)

Wt.&Arn.Kajra Strychnos nux-vomica L.Kaju Anacardium occidentale L.Kakarundah Grewia hirsuta Vahl.Kaksa Momordica dioicaRoxb.exWilld.Kalber Zizyphus xylopyra (Retz.)Willd.Kaladhattura Datura metelL.Kalasirish Albizia odoratissima(L.f.)Benth.Kalatil Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass.Kalatulsi Ocimum tenuiflorumL.Kalamegh Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNeesKalameti Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNeesKalidudhi Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.)R.Br.Kalimirch Piper nigrumL.Kalimusli Curculigo orchioidesGaertn.Kalitori Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.Kalikar Garuga pinnata Roxb.Kalpanath Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNeesKamguni Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.Kanchu Flacourtia indica(Burm.f.)Merr.Kaner Nerium indicum Mill.Kangia Lepidagathis cristataWilld.Kanju Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch.Kanphuti Cardiospermum halicacabum L.Kantabans Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd.Kantabohul Xantolis tomentosa (Roxb.)Rafin.Kanthari Capparis sepiariaL.Kanti Acanthospermum hispidumDC.Kapalphoti Cardiospermum halicacabum L.Kapas Gossypium herbaceumL.Kapasi Helicteres isoraL.Kapur Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl.Karamba Gardenia turgidaRoxb.Karanja Pongamia pinnata (L.)PierreKaranta Cryptolepis buchananiRoem.&

Schult.



Karaunda Carissa congesta WightKarela Momordica charantiaL.Kareli Momordica charantiaL.Kareta Sida acutaBurm.f.Karihari Gloriosa superba L.Kasaumdi Cassia occidentalisL.Katgular Ficus hispidaL.f.Katguleriya Ficus hispidaL.f.Katkaranja Caesalpinia bonduc (L.)Roxb.Katnim Murraya koenigili (L.)Spreng.Katvinayi Enicostema axillare (Lam.)RaynalKateli Solanum virginianum L.Kathal Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.Kathbel Feronia elephantum CorreaKattay Solanum virginianum L.Kaunch Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Kawanch Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Kebu Costus speciosus(KoenigexRetz.)

J.E.SmithKela Musa paradisiaca L.Kendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.Keura Pandanus odoratissimusL.f.Kewda Pandanus odoratissimusL.f.Keyu Costus speciosus(KoenigexRetz.)

J.E.SmithKhadsampal Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.Khair Acacia catechu(L.f.)Willd.Khaja Bridelia retusa(L.)Spreng.Khaji Phoenix sylvestris(L.)Roxb.Khajur Phoenix sylvestris(L.)Roxb.Khalmuriya Tridax procumbensL.Khangi Abutilon indicum (L.) SweetKharenta Sida acutaBurm.f.Kharpat Garuga pinnata Roxb.Khejri Prosopis cineraria (L.)DruceKher Heteropogon contortus (L.)P.Beauv.ex

R.&S.Kheri Dichrostachys cinerea(L.)Wt.&Arn.Khirni Wrightia tinctoriaBr.Khuskhus Papaver somnifera L.Kiramar Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.Kirkich Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth)Alst.Kitamar Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.Kivach Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Kiwanch Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Kochi Acacia sinuata (Lour.)Merr.Kodo Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Kodo Paspalum scrobiculatum L.

Kodra Paspalum scrobiculatum L.Koira Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don.Kokum Garcinia indica (DuPetit-Thou.)

ChoisyKonpal Euphorbia tirucalliL.Kreat Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNeesKrishnatulsi Ocimum tenuiflorumL.Kuchchla Strychnos nux-vomica L.Kudki Dolichos biflorusL.Kukaraundha Blumea lacera (Burm.f.)DC.Kulanjan Alpinia galanga (L.)SwartzKulinjan Alpinia galanga (L.)SwartzKulthi Dolichos biflorusL.Kumbhi Careya arborea Roxb.Kumeria Heteropogon contortus (L.)P.Beaur.ex

R.&S.Kundru Coccinia grandis (L.)VoigtKundur Boswellia serrata Roxb. Kura Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don.Kust Costus speciosus(KoenigexRetz.) J.E.SmithKutki Panicum sumatrenseRoth.exRoem.

&Schult.

L

Lahsun Allium sativum L.Lajjalu Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC.Lajvanti Mimosa pudica L.Lakshan Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud.Lakshmana Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC.Lalambari Hibiscus sabdariffaL.Lalchandan Pterocarpus santalinusL.Lalindrayan Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.Lalkudusumpal Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.Lalmirchi Capsicum annuum L.Languli Gloriosa superba L.Lasan Allium sativum L.Lasura Cordia dichotomaForst.f.Latjira Achyranthes asperaL.Laung Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerryLeebu Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

SwingleLendia Lagerstroemia parvifloraRoxb.



Liptti Mimosa hamata Willd.Lobiya Vigna unguiculata subspecies

cylindrica(L.)vanEseltineLohar Diospyros montana Roxb.

M

Madar Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.Maduva Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Magrabu Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.Mahaneem Melia dubiaCav.Mahakal Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.Mahua Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBrideMainphal Randia spinosa Poir.Makadlimbu Atlantia racemosa WightMakai Zizyphus oenoplia(L.)Mill.Makhi Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir.Makka Zea maysL.Makkal Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr.Makra Dactyloctenium aegyptiumBeauv.Malkangani Celastrus paniculatusWilld.Malkunki Celastrus paniculatusWilld.Mandara Erythrina variegata L.Mandva Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Mari Caryota urens L.Marodphali Helicteres isoraL.Marorphal Helicteres isoraL.Marvel Dicanthium annulatum(Forssk.)StapfMasur Lens culinaris Medic.Matar Pisum sativumL.Matar(kala) Pisum arvenseL.Mehendi Lawsonia inermisL.Merasimgi Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br.Methi Trigonella foenum-graecumL.Mithaalu Ipomoea batatas (L.)Lam.Mithaindrajav Wrightia tinctoriaBr.Mithakaddu Cucurbita maxima DuchesneMithaneem Murraya koenigii (L.)Spreng.Mochkand Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.Mohwa Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBrideMoka Schrebera swietenioidesRoxb.Moong Vigna radiata (L.)R.WilczekMoth Vigna aconitifolia ( Jacq.)Marechal Motha Cyperus rotundusL.Mrema Hugonia mystax L.Mudra Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet

Mugam Vigna trilobata VerdcourtMundi Mimosa hamata Willd.Mundi Sphaeranthus indicusL.Mungana Moringa oleiferaLam.Mungi Vigna trilobata VerdcourtMungphali Arachis hypogea L.Musli Curculigo orchioidesGaertn.Mutti Trigonella foenum-graecumL.Muyuna Meyna laxiflora Robyns

N

Nagarmotha Cyperus rotundusL.Nakara Ximenia americanaL.Nakchikni Wattakaka volubilis(L.f.)StapfNala Lobelia nicotianaefolia Rothex

Roem.&Schult.Nariyal Cocos nucifera L.Neem Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Nelmal Strychnos potatorum L.f. Neori Setaria pallidefusca (Schumach.)

Stapf&C.E.Hubb.Nibu Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

SwingleNimbu Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

SwingleNingori Vitex negundoL.Nirgandi Vitex negundoL.Nirmali Strychnos potatorum L.f.Nisinda Vitex negundoL.

O

Odhul Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL.

P

Paan Piper betelL.Paharinimbu Citrus limon(L.) Burm.f.Palash Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.Palashlata Butea superbaRoxb.Pancholi Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir.Pani-ki-samhalu Vitex trifoliaL.Panjoli Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir.Pansra Colebrookea oppositifoliaSm.



Papari Pavetta crassicaulisBremenk.Papaya Carica papayaL.Papita Carica papayaL.Papra Gardenia latifolia AitonPapri Bauhinia racemosa Lamk.Papura Gardenia latifolia AitonParaspipal Thespesia populnea(L.)Solandex

CorreaParijat Nyctanthes arbor-tristisL.Parsipa Thespesia populnea(L.)Solandex

CorreaParwa Heteropogon contortus (L.)P.Beauv.

exR.&S.Patalagarudi Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.Patera Typha angustifolia L.Patha Kydia calycinaRoxb.Patwa Hibiscus sabdariffaL.Paunda Saccharum officinarumL.Pawana Sehima sulcatum(Hack.)A.CamusPharamgidhattura Argemone mexicana L.Pharkhat Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Pharri Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Pilikapas Cochlospermum religiosum (L.)AlstonPipar Ficus religiosaL.Piplamul Piper longumL.Pipli Ficus religiosaL.Pippal Ficus religiosaL.Pirun Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.)

O.Ktze.Pitti Ventilago calyculata Tul.Piyar Buchanania lanzanSpreng.Ponai Apluda mutica L.Ponai Sehima sulcatum(Hack.)A.CamusPula Kydia calycinaRoxb.Puli Kydia calycinaRoxb.Pullung Heterophragma quadriloculare(Roxb.)

K.Schum.Pundiya Saccharum officinarumL.Punir Withania somnifera(L.)DunalPyaz Allium cepa L.

R

Rai Brassica juncea (L.)Czern.&Coss.Rai Brassica nigra (L.)Koch Rakhalkalai Vigna trilobata VerdcourtRaktachandan Pterocarpus santalinusL.

Raktarohidi Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.Rambans Agave species Ramdatun Smilax zeylanicaL.Ramtil Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass.Ramtulsi Ocimum gratissimum L.Ramphal Annona reticulata L.Ratti Abrus precatorius L.Reda Panicum repens L.Remgani Solanum virginianum L.Ritha Sapindus emarginatus Vahl.Ritta Sapindus laurifoliusVahl.Roel Combretum decandrum Roxb.Rohan Soymida febrifuga(Roxb.)A.Juss.Rurel Combretum decandrum Roxb.

S

Safedbabul Acacia leucophloeaWilld.Safedmurga Celosia argentea L.Safedsamhalu Vitex trifoliaL.Sagaun Tectona grandisL.f.Sagovani Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.Sagwan Tectona grandisL.f.Sainjna Moringa oleiferaLam.Saittan-ka-jat Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.Saja Terminalia crenulata Roth. Sakkarkand Ipomoea batatas (L.)Lam.Salai Boswellia serrata Roxb. Samhalu Vitex negundoL.Samudraphal Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn.Sangri Prosopis cineraria (L.)DruceSankru Coix lacryma-jobiL.Sannai Crotolaria junceaL.Sant Boerhavia diffusaL.Saonjna Moringa oleiferaLam.Sapota Achras zapota L.Sarab-ki-kikar Acacia leucophloeaWilld.Sarphomka Tephrosia purpurea(L.)Pers.Sarson Brassica nigra (L.)KochSatala Acacia sinuata (Lour.)Merr.Satavar Asparagus racemosus Willd.Satu Hordeum vulgareL.Saubhalu Vitex negundoL.Sedwa Sehima nervosum (Roth)Stapf Sehundi Euphorbia tirucalliL.Seja Lagerstroemia parvifloraRoxb.Sem Dolichos lablab L.



Semal Bombax ceiba L.Semul Bombax ceiba L.Senhur Euphorbia ligularia Roxb.Shahjira Carum carvi L.Shanta Vigna unguiculata subspecies

cylindrica (L.)vanEseltineShariffa Annona squamosa L.Shatamuli Asparagus racemosus Willd.Sheora Streblus asper Lour.Shinar Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.)

Muell.-Arg.Shiris Albizia lebbeck (L.)Willd.Shivalingi Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud.Shiwali Vitex negundoL.Shyona Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Sihora Streblus asper Lour.Siris Albizia lebbeck(L.)Willd.Sirisha Albizia lebbeck(L.)Willd.Siriyari Heliotropium indicum L.Sirphal Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.Sisam Dalbergia sissooRoxb.Sisham Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb.Sissu Dalbergia sissooRoxb.Sitaphal Cucurbita maxima DuchesneSodaro Ficus tinctoria Forst.Sonapatha Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Soonth Zingiber officinalisRosc.Sultanchampa Calophyllum inophyllum L.Supari Areca catechu L.Sura Heteropogon contortus (L.)

P.Beauv.exR.&S.Surguja Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass.Surpan Calophyllum inophyllum L.Surpunka Calophyllum inophyllum L.

T

Tal Borassus flabelliferL.Talmakhana Asteracantha longifolia(L.)NeesTamaku Nicotiana tabacumL.Tambaku Nicotiana tabacumL.Tar Borassus flabelliferL.Tarali Melothria heterophylla (Lour.)Cogn.Tarwar Cassia auriculataL.Tavi Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzTendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Thanela Gardenia turgidaRoxb.

Thor Euphorbia ligularia Roxb.Thuhar Euphorbia ligularia Roxb.Til Sesamum orientaleL.Tisi Linum usitatissimum L.Titabhamt Clerodendron infortunatumauct.

nonL.Titapat Corchorus capsularisL.Toom Garuga pinnata Roxb.Tori Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.

U

Umar Ficus racemosaL.Umtao Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.Urad Vigna mungo(L.)HepperUravvan Indigofera glandulosaWendl.Urni Clerodendrum multiflorum(Burm.f.)

O.Ktze.Utaran Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.

V

Vayvidamg Embelia ribesBurm.f.Vijayasar Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb.Vilayatibabul Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd.Vilayatiimli Pithecelobium dulceBenth.Visarikand Pueraria tuberosa DC.Vurtulli Dichrostachys cinerea(L.)Wt.&Arn.

W

Warras Heterophragma quadriloculare(Roxb.) K.Schum.

Wat Ficus benghalensisL.

Y

Yukeliptas Eucalyptus species

Z

Zeera Cuminum cyminum L.



A

Aahin Terminalia crenulata RothAbai Hugonia mystax L.Abeyvel Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.Adharvel Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.Adulsa Justicia adathodaL.Aghada Achyranthes asperaL.Agyabond Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br.Agyabuti Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br.Ain Terminalia crenulata Roth Aisar Callicarpa tomentosa(L.)Murr.Akola Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang.Ale Zingiber officinalisRosc.Alu(herb) Colocasia esculenta (L.)SchottAlu(tree) Meyna laxiflora RobynsAlvi Meyna laxiflora RobynsAmarvel Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.Amba Mangifera indica L.Ambadi Hibiscus cannabinus L.Ambehalad Curcuma amada Roxb.Ambute Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)CorreaAmsul Garcinia indica (DuPetit-Thou.)

ChoisyAmtivel Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb.Anashovadi Elephantopus scaberL.Ankol Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang.Antamul Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) MerrillAnvel Dioscorea belophylla (Prain)HainesAnvi Dioscorea belophylla (Prain)HainesAphu Papaver somnifera L.Appumari Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br.Apta Bauhinia racemosa Lamk.Arati Mimosa hamata Willd.Arjun Terminalia arjuna(Roxb.exDC.)

Wt.&Arn.Arjunsadada Terminalia arjuna(Roxb.exDC.)

Wt.&Arn.Asan Bridelia retusa(L.)Spreng.Ashok Polyalthea longifolia (Sonn.)\Thw.Ashwagandha Withania somnifera(L.)DunalAswal Asparagus racemosus Willd.Audumbar Ficus racemosaL.Awla Emblica officinalisGaertn.

B

Babhul Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. Badishep Foeniculum vulgareMill.Bahava Cassia fistula L.Bainirgudi Vitex negundoL.Bailkolzan Alpinia galanga (L.)SwartzBajri Pennisetum typhoideum L.Bakri-cha-pala Sphaeranthus indicusL.Bala Sida acutaBurm.f.Baman Colebrookea oppositifoliaSm.Banda Viscum articulatumBurm.f.Bandgul Dendrophthoe falcata(L.f.)EttingBaramdandi Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br.Barbada Indigofera glandulosaWendl.Barkawalichi-muli Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.Bedki-cha-pala Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br.Beheda Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.Bel Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.Ber(grass) Ischaemum tumidum StapfexBorBhamrud Blumea lacera (Burm.f.)DC.Bhandira Clerodendron infortunatumauct.

nonL.Bhang Cannabis sativaL.Bharangi Clerodendron serratum(L.)MoonBhat Oryza sativaL.Bhati Themeda quadrivalvis (L.)O.Ktze.Bhaya Cassia fistula L.Bhekal Flacourtia indica(Burm.f.)Merr.Bhela Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.Bhendi Thespesia populnea(L.)Solandex

CorreaBheria Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.Bherlimaad Caryota urens L.Bhershing Dolichandrone falcata (Wall.exDC.)

Seem.Bhokar Cordia dichotomaForst.f.Bhokida Ficus hispidaL.f.Bhopla Cucurbita maxima DuchesneBhos Sorghum halepense (L.)Pers.Bhuiaudumbar Ficus hispidaL.f.Bhuikohala Ipomoea mauritianaJacq.Bhuikohala Pueraria tuberosa DC.Bhuilimb Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNeesBhuimoog Arachis hypogea L.Bhuiringini Solanum virginianum L.Bhuiumbar Ficus hispidaL.f.

Marathi Botanical NameMarathi Botanical Name


Bhurundi Heliotropium indicum L.Bibba Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Bibbanizad Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Bibla Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb.Bibwi Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Bilayat Argemone mexicana L.Bilu Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.Bilwa Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Bindi Setaria pallidefusca (Schumach.)

Stapf&C.E.Hubb.Biwla Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb.Bokida Ficus hispidaL.f.Bondara Lagerstroemia parvifloraRoxb.Bondga Lagerstroemia parvifloraRoxb.Bondvel Themeda quadrivalvis (L.)O.Ktze.Bor(grass) Dactyloctenium aegyptiumBeauvBor(tree) Zizyphus mauritianaLamk.Brahmi Centella asiatica(L.)Urban.Brahmni Colebrookea oppositifoliaSm.Bujada Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.Burumbi Leucas stelligera Wall.

C

Chaha Camellia sinensis L.(Kuntze)Chain Ensete superbum (Roxb.)Chees.Chamkara Colocasia esculenta (L.)SchottChandkuda Antiaria toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.Chaor Cochlospermum religiosum(L.)AlstonCharas Cannabis sativaL.Charoli Buchanania lanzanSpreng.Chaudari Cissus quadrangularisL.Chavay Ensete superbum (Roxb.)Chees.Chawali Vigna unguiculatasubspecies cylindrica

(L.)vanEseltineChichardi Solanum anguivi Lam.Chikku Achras zapota L.Chikna(lahan) Sida acutaBurm.f.Chilari Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth)Alst.Chinch Tamarindus indicaL.Chir Pinus roxburghii Sarg.Chirati Melothria maderaspatana(L.)Roem.Chirphal Zanthoxylum rhetsa(Roxb.)DC.Chitrak Plumbago zeylanicaL.Chitrang Plumbago zeylanicaL.Chivari Pseudoxytenantherastocksii(Munro)

Naithani

Chivli Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi (Munro) Naithani

Chotabhandara Colebrookea oppositifoliaSm.Churchuri Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.

D

Dabira Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.) Wall.exBedd.

Dagadipala Tridax procumbensL.Dahidudhani Wrightia tinctoriaBr.Dandibhamrud Cyathocline purpurea(Buch.-Ham.

exD.Don)O.Ktze.Datir Ficus tinctoria Forst.Datki Euphorbia geniculataOrteg.Deshithor Euphorbia tirucalliL.Devbabhul Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd.Dhaiti Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzDhamal Adelocaryum coelestinum (Lindl.)

Brand. Dhaman Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl.Dhangad Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.Dhaura Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)

Wall.exBedd.Dhavda Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)

Wall.exBedd.Dhorgunj Abrus precatorius L.Dhorkamuni Withania somnifera(L.)DunalDhotra Datura metelL.Dhoul Lobelia nicotianaefolia Rothex

Roem.&Schult.Dikamali Gardenia resiniferaRoth.Dingla Crotolaria retusaL. Dinohi Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.Dipmal Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br.Diwali Indigofera glandulosaWendl.Diwasmawli-chya mulya Asparagus racemosus Willd.Dronphul Leuca aspera (Willd.)LinkDudhkuda Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.DonDudhvel Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.Dudhani Euphorbia geniculataOrteg.Dudhani Euphorbia hirtaL.Dudhani Wrightia tinctoriaBr.Dudhi Euphorbia geniculataOrteg.Durangibabhul Dichrostachys cinerea(L.)Wt.&Arn.Durva Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.



E

Emend Cyperus compressus L.Erand Ricinus communis L.Esar Callicarpa tomentosa(L.)Murr.

G

Gadhavkata Tribulus terrestrisL.Gadinirgudi Vitex trifoliaL.Gahu Triticum aestivumL.Gajga Caesalpinia bonduc (L.)Roxb.Gallimbu Citrus limon(L.) Burm.f.Gandhari Lantana camaraL.Gandhilpala Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.Ganeri Cochlospermum religiosum(L.)AlstonGanja Cannabis sativaL.Garadi Cleistanthus collinus(Roxb.)Bth.ex

Hook.f.Garambi Entada pursaethaDC.Garari Cleistanthus collinus(Roxb.)Bth.ex

Hook.f.Garbi Entada pursaethaDC.Gauri-chi-patadi Mussaenda glabrata(Hook.f.)Hutch.

exGambleGavali Grewia hirsuta Vahl.Gavatichaha Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)StapfGawar Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L.)Taub.Gehela Randia spinosa Poir.Gel Randia spinosa Poir.Ghaneri Lantana camaraL.Ghanga Bothriochloa pertusa(L.)A.CamusGhansari Croton roxburghii Balakr.Ghatbor Zizyphus xylopyra (Retz.)Willd.Ghayal Agave speciesGhaypat Agave speciesGholu Grewia serrulataDC.Ghorbel Pueraria tuberosa DC.Ghot Zizyphus xylopyra (Retz.)Willd.Ghoti Zizyphus xylopyra (Retz.)Willd.Ghotvel Smilax zeylanicaL.Godlimb Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.Gogal Cochlospermum religiosum(L.)AlstonGoindu Diospyros montana Roxb.Gojeebh Elephantopus scaberL.Gokarna Clitoria ternateaL.Gokhru Tribulus terrestrisL.

Gomti Melothria heterophylla (Lour.)Cogn.Gomati Melothria heterophylla (Lour.)Cogn.Gondwal Chloris barbata SwartzGowara Canavalia africanaDunn.Gudgudi Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.Guggul Boswellia serrata Roxb. Guhulu Grewia serrulataDC.Gulnashi Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br.Gulvel Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)Miers

exHook.f.&Thoms.Gunj Abrus precatorius L.Gurmangadda Cissus pallida (Wt.&Arn.)Gutguti Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.

H

Hadsandan Viscum articulatumBurm.f.Halad Curcuma longaL.Hald Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Haldandi Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.Haldu Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Haldu Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.Halekumbha Leucas strictaBth.Haraligavat Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Harbara Cicer arietinum L.Harik Paspalum scroviculatum L.Harsankar Cissus quadrangularisL.Haryali Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Hed Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Hedu Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Hela Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.Henkal Maytenus senegalensis(Lam.)Excell.Hing Ferula asafoetida L.Hinganbet Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)Del.Hirda Terminalia chebulaRetz.Hiwar Acacia leucophloea Willd.Hulga Dolichos biflorusL.

I

Idalimbu Citrus limon(L.) Burm.f.Indrani Vitex trifoliaL.Indrayan Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr.Ingli Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn.



J

Jaiphal Myristica fragrans Houtt.Jakhamjodi Tridax procumbensL.Jaljamba Alternanthera sessilis(L.)R.Br.ex

DC.Jamba Psidium guajavaL.Jambhul Syzigium cumini(L.)SkeelsJanglilendi Lagerstroemia parvifloraRoxb.Janglimath Vigna trilobata VerdcourtJasund Antiaria toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.Jaswand Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL.Jaswandi Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL.Jatashankar Dioscorea bulbifera L.Jav Hordeum vulgareL.Jawas Linum usitatissimum L.Jeera Cuminum cyminum L.Jhendu Tagetes erectaL.Jhunjurdi Triumfetta malabarica Koen.exRottb.Jinjva Dicanthium annulatum(Forssk.)StapfJondhra Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.Jwari Sorghum vulgarePers.

K

Kadbar Canthium coromandelicum (N.Burm.) Alston

Kadhilimb Murraya koenigii (L.)Spreng.Kadipatta Murraya koenigii (L.)Spreng.Kadianag Gloriosa superba L.Kaduchirat Cucumis trigonusLKadudodka Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.Kaduindravan Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr.Kadukarand Dioscorea bulbifera L.Kadukirayat Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNeesKadulimb Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Kadunimb Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Kadushanni Cucumis trigonusLKagadilimbu Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

SwingleKaju Anacardium occidentale L.Kajuri Curculigo orchioidesGaertn.Kakad Garuga pinnata Roxb.Kaker Flacourtia indica(Burm.f.)Merr.Kalahatera Gardenia latifolia Aiton

Kalakuda Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall.exG.Don.

Kalakusal Heteropogon contortus (L.)P.Beauv.ex R.&S.

Kalashiris Albizia odoratissima(L.f.)Benth.Kalaumbar Ficus hispidaL.f.Kalawatana Pisum arvenseL.Kalemoog Vigna angularis(Willd.)Ohwi&

OhashiKaletil Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass.Kalikudi Wrightia tinctoriaBr.Kalimiri Piper nigrumL.Kalimusali Curculigo orchioidesGaertn.Kalishivan Gmelina asiatica L.Kalitulas Ocimum tenuiflorumL.Kalkudi Wrightia tinctoriaBr.Kallavi Gloriosa superba L.Kanchari Alternanthera sessilis(L.)R.Br.exDC.Kanda Allium cepa L.Kandvel Cissus quadrangularisL.Kanerballi Zizyphus oenoplia(L.)Mill.Kang Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.Kanheri Nerium indicum Mill.Kansar Albizia amara (Roxb.)BoivinKanthara Capparis sepiariaL.Kapalphodi Cardiospermum halicacabum L.Kapur Cinnamomum camphor (L.)Presl.Kapurmadhura Aerva lanata(L.)Juss.exSchultesKapus Gossypium herbaceumL.Karale Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass.Karanj Pongamia pinnata (L.)PierreKaranji Pongamia pinnata (L.)PierreKardodi Leptadenia reticulata Wt.&Arn.Karera Streblus asper Lour.Kareti Cucumis trigonusL.Kari Canthium coromandelicum (N.Burm.)

AlstonKarinda Dioscorea bulbifera L.Karle Momordica charantiaL.Karmugli Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.)C.B.Cl.Kartoli Momordica dioicaRoxb.exWilld.Karvand Carissa congesta WightKarvi Carvia callosa (Wall.)Bremek.Karvina Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.)C.B.Cl.Kashed Coix lacryma-jobiL.Kaswinda Cassia occidentalisL.Katekumbhal Xantolis tomentose (Roxb.)Rafin.Katemath Amaranthus spinosus L.



Katepathar Argemone mexicana L.Kateshewri Bombax ceiba L.Katerigadda Lepidagathis cristataWilld.Katerikalak Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd.Kathora Bothriochloa pertusa(L.)A.CamusKatleen Momordica dioicaRoxb.exWilld.Katrinigad Vitex trifoliaL.Katrinigadi Vitex trifoliaL.Katrinirgudi Vitex trifoliaL.Kaundal Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.Kavali Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.Kavath Feronia elephantum CorreaKavli-cha-vel Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.Kazra Strychnos nux-vomica L.Kektad Agave americana L.Kektad AgavespeciesKele Musa paradisiaca L.Kena Commelina benghalensisL.Ketaki Pandanus odoratissimusL. f.Kewada Pandanus odoratissimusL.f.Khair Acacia catechu(L.f.)Willd.Khajkuili Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Khandvel Wattakaka volubilis(L.f.)StapfKhandilpala Wattakaka volubilis(L.f.)StapfKharuti Ficus exasperataVahl.Kharvat Ficus exasperataVahl.Khevan Helicteres isoraL.Khobarvel Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.Khulkhula Crotolaria retusaL.Khuskhus Papaver somnifera L.Kirmira Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)CorreaKodarsi Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm.Kokam Garcinia indica (DuPetit-Thou.)

ChoisyKolu Setaria pallidefusca (Schumach.)

Stapf&C.E.Hubb.Kombla Lepidagathis cristataWilld.Korphad Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f. Koshtkulayan Alpinia galanga (L.)SwartzKotchgavat Lepidagathis luteaDalz.Kothimbir Coriandrum sativumL.Krishnasazwa Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.)R.Br.Kuda Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don.Kuili-cha-vel Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Kulith Dolichos biflorus L.Kumbha Careya arborea Roxb.Kumbhal Xantolis tomentose (Roxb.)Rafin.

Kundu Diospyros montana Roxb.Kurdu Celosia argentea L.Kurhadi-cha-pala Tridax procumbensL.Kurmudi Tridax procumbensL.Kurule Garuga pinnata Roxb.Kusar Jasminum malabaricumWt.Kuvali-chavel Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.

L

Lahanshivan Gmelina asiatica L.Lajalu Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC.Lajalu Mimosa pudica L.Lalambadi Hibiscus sabdariffaL.Lalbhopla Cucurbita maxima DuchesneLalai Albizia amara (Roxb.)BoivinLambadetil Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass.Lasun Allium sativum L.Lavang Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerryLavhali Cyperus iriaL.Laxmigadda Lepidagathis cristataWilld.Lendipippali Piper longumL.Limb Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Limbara Melia dubiaCav.Limbu Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

SwingleLonagavat Chloris barbata SwartzLongikasal Aristida adscensionis L.

M

Maad Cocos nucifera L.Maaka Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.Mahalimb Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Mahaneem Melia dubiaCav.Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.Mahisakshi Boswellia serrata Roxb. Mahua Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBrideMaka Zea maysL.Makadlimbu Atlantia racemosa WightMakadshingi Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br.Makor Zizyphus oenoplia(L.)Mill.Makoti Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br.Malkanguni Celastrus paniculatusWilld.Mamijwa Enicostema axillare (Lam.)RaynalMandara Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br.



Marvel Dicanthium annulatum(Forssk.)StapfMasur Lens culinaris Medic.Matar Pisum sativumL.Matki Vigna aconitifolia ( Jacq.)MarechalMedshingi Dolichandrone falcata (Wall.exDC.)

Seem.Medwan Dioscorea oppositifoliaL.Mendi Lawsonia inermisL.Mershingi Dolichandrone falcata (Wall.exDC.)

Seem.Mes Pseudoxytenantherastocksii(Munro)

NaithaniMeshi Pseudoxytenantherastocksii(Munro)

NaithaniMethi Trigonella foenum-graecumL.Mirchi Capsicum annuum L.Moha Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBrideMohari Brassica juncea (L.)Czern.&Coss.Mohari(kali) Brassica nigra (L.)Koch Moi Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.Moka Schrebera swietenioidesRoxb.Mokiri Schrebera swietenioidesRoxb. Moog Vigna radiata (L.)R.WilczekMothapavana Sehima sulcatum(Hack.)A.CamusMovat Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.Mugguskanda Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.)C.B.Cl.Mukni Vigna trilobata VerdcourtMungusmungli- Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.)C.B.Cl.cha-gaddaMurudsheng Helicteres isoraL.

N

Nachni Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Nagara-cha-pala Ximenia americanaL.Nagarmoti Cyperus rotundusL.Nagli Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Nagwel Piper betelL.Nai Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal Nana Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wt.Naral Cocos nucifera L.Nataknarangi Atlantia racemosa WightNaviragi Dactyloctenium aegyptiumBeauv.Navnathi Gardenia turgidaRoxb.Nensi Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb.Nevli Euphorbia tirucalliL.Nigad Vitex negundoL.

Nigadi Vitex negundoL.Nilgiri Eucalyptus speciesNilumbi Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir.Ninai Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb.Nirgud Vitex negundoL.Nirgud Vitex trifoliaL.Nirgudi Vitex negundoL.Nirmali Strychnos potatorum L.f. Nivdung Euphorbia ligularia Roxb.

O

Odha Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi (Munro) Naithani

Oos Saccharum officinarumL.Ova Carum copticumL.Hiern

P

Pachra Capparis sepiariaL.Pachuda Capparis sepiariaL.Pakad Echinochloa colona (L.)LinkPaker Flacourtia indica(Burm.f.)Merr.Palas Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.Palasvel Butea superbaRoxb.Palva Bothriochloa pertusa(L.)A.CamusPandharphali Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.)

Muell.-Arg.Pandhrachapha Plumeria rubra L.Pangara Erythrina variegata L.Pangli Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.)

O.KtzePankanis Typha angustifolia L.Panphuti Kalanchoe pinnata(Lamk.)Pers.Panpoi Kalanchoe pinnata(Lamk.)Pers.Papada Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)

Planch.Papai Carica papayaL.Paradpapadi Argemone mexicana L.Parijat Nyctanthes arbor-tristisL.Parsipeepal Thespesia populnea(L.)Solandex

CorreaPaspoli Dioscorea oppositifoliaL.Pathri Launaea procumbens(Roxb.)

Ram.Raj.Patwa Hibiscus sabdariffaL.



Paunava Dicanthium annulatum(Forssk.)StapfPauri Aristolochia indica L.Pavana Sehima nervosum (Roth.)Stapf Pawta Dolichos lablab L.Pendro Gardenia latifolia AitonPeru Psidium guajavaL.Pervin Psidium guajavaL.Petari Abutilon indicum (L.) SweetPewa Costus speciosus(KoenigexRetz.) J.E.SmithPewakand Costus speciosus(KoenigexRetz.) J.E.SmithPhanas Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.Phanphanashi Gloriosa superba L.Phaphat Pavetta crassicaulisBremenk.Phetra Gardenia turgidaRoxb.Phulari Lantana camaraL.Pichondi Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir.Pigavi Celastrus paniculatusWilld.Pilibonvari Ipomoea obscura (L.)Ker-Gawl.Pilu Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.Pimpal Ficus religiosaL.Pindari Gardenia turgidaRoxb.Pingli Ipomoea obscura (L.)Ker-Gawl.Pippali Piper longumL.Pitumbi Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir.Piwalvel Ventilago calyculataTul.Piwalitilvan Cleome viscosaL.Piwladhotra Argemone mexicana L.Posheri Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm. Potmaari Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)MerrillPunarnava Boerhavia diffusaL.Pungli Boerhavia chinensis (L.)Heimerl.Putputi Cardiospermum halicacabum L.

R

Ragatrohida Soymida febrifuga(Roxb.)A.Juss.Raktachandan Pterocarpus santalinusL.Raktarohida Soymida febrifuga(Roxb.)A.Juss.Ral Apluda mutica L.Rala Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.Rale Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.Ramtulsi Ocimum gratissimum L.Ramban Typha angustifolia L.Rametha Gnidia glauca(Fresen.)Gilg.Ramphal Annona reticulata L.

Ranbhendi Thespesia lampas(Cav.)Alef.Randodka Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.Ranghewda Paracalyx scariosus (Roxb.)AliRanhalad Curcuma aromatica Salisb.Rankel Ensete superbum (Roxb.)Chees.Ranlimbu Atalantia monophyllaCorr.Ranpadval Trichosanthes cucumerinaL.Rantulsi Ocimum gratissimum L.Ranturai Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.Rantijhendu Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br.Ratale Ipomoea batatas (L.)Lam.Ratamba Garcinia indica (DuPetit-Thou.)

ChoisyRatambi Garcinia indica (DuPetit-Thou.)

ChoisyRingi Sapindus laurifoliusVahl.Rishi Gardenia turgidaRoxb.Ritha Sapindus emarginatus Vahl.Ritha Sapindus laurifoliusVahl.Roega Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.Rohini Soymida febrifuga(Roxb.)A.Juss.Ruchik Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.Rui Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.Rui Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br.

S

Sabja Ocimum basilicum L.Sabja Ocimum gratissimum L.Sag Tectona grandisL.f.Sagargota Caesalpinia bonduc (L.)Roxb.Sagunkati Dichrostachys cinerea(L.)Wt.&Arn.Sakayel Ventilago calyculata Tul. Salai Boswellia serrata Roxb. Samdad Prosopis cineraria (L.)DruceSamdar Prosopis cineraria (L.)DruceSandhruk Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)Robins.Sapshindini Aristolochia indica L.Saptaparni Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.BrSarapkanda Pancratium triflorumRoxb.Sarata(herb) Tribulus terrestrisL.Sarata(shrub) Tamarix ericoidesRottl.Sarsoo Brassica nigra (L.)KochSatu Hordeum vulgareL.Satvin Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.Sawa Panicum sumatrenseRothexRoem.&

Schult.



Sawar Bombax ceiba L.Setakawali Cryptolepis buchananiRoem.&Schult.Shahajeera Carum carvi L.Shankervel Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud. Shatavari Asparagus racemosus Willd.Sheda Sehima nervosum (Roth.)Stapf Sheesam Dalbergia sissooRoxb.Shemat Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.Shengdana Arachis hypogea L.Sher Euphorbia tirucalliL.Shernati Tamarix ericoidesRottl.Sherni Tamarix ericoidesRottl.Shetad Leucas stelligera Wall.Shewga Moringa oleiferaLam.Shewra Alysicarpus longifolius (Rottl.ex

Spreng.)Wt.&Arn.Shikekai Acacia sinuata (Lour.)Merr.Shindada-cha-zad Phoenix sylvestris(L.)Roxb.Shindi Phoenix sylvestris(L.)Roxb.Shindoli Phoenix sylvestris(L.)Roxb.Shirish Albizia lebbeck(L.)Willd.Shisav Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb.Shisvi Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb.Shisvi Dalbergia sisooRoxb.Shitod Leucas stelligera Wall.Shivalingi Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud.Shivan Gmelina arboreaRoxb.Shiwar Bombax ceiba L.Sinri Alloteropsis cimicina(L.)StapfSitaphal Annona squamosa L.Sonerivel Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.Soonth Zingiber officinalisRosc.Sudmaad Caryota urens L.Supari Areca catechu L.Surmaad Caryota urens L.

T

Tad Borassus flabelliferL.Tag Crotolaria junceaL.Tagada Crotolaria junceaL.Takli Cassia tora L.Takli Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.)

O.Ktze.Talimkhana Asteracantha longifolia(L.)NeesTambakhu Nicotiana tabacumL.Tambat Flacourtia indica(Burm.f.)Merr.

Tambdabhopla Cucurbita maxima DuchesneTandul Oryza sativaL.Tantani Lantana camaraL.Tarota Cassia tora L.Tarwad Cassia auriculataL.Temburni Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Temru Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.Tentu Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Tetak Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Tetu Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Til Sesamum orientaleL.Tirphal Zanthoxylum rhetsa(Roxb.)DC.Tivar Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn.Tondli Coccinia grandis (L.)VoigtTondsha Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem.Toran Zizyphus rugosaLamk.Tulas Ocimum tenuiflorumL.Tur Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp.Turda Arthraxon lancifolius(Trin.)Hochst.

U

Udha Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi (Munro) Naithani

Udid Vigna mungo(L.)HepperUmbar Ficus racemosaL.Undi Calophyllum inophyllum L.Unhali Tephrosia purpurea(L.)Pers.Untkatar Echinops echinatusRoxb.Utanti Echinops echinatusRoxb.Utarandi Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.

V

Vad Ficus benghalensisL.Vagara-cha-pala Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb.Vangi Solanum melongena L.Vanzkartoli Momordica dioicaRoxb.exWilld.Varai Panicum miliaceumL.Varas Heterophragma quadriloculare(Roxb.)

K.Schum.Vasaka Justicia adathodaL.Vavding Embelia ribesBurm.f.Vekhand Acorus calamus L.Velghugri Melothria maderaspatana(L.)Roem.



Vidarikand Pueraria tuberosa DC.Vilayatichincha Pithecelobium dulceBenth.Vilayatijeere Carum carvi L.

W

Waal Dolichos lablab L.Waghata Capparis zeylanicaL.Wakhandi Wattakaka volubilis(L.f.)StapfWarang Kydia calycinaRoxb.Warangad Kydia calycinaRoxb.Wasansada Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.Wasanvel Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.Watana Pisum sativumL.Wavli Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch.Wayati Thelepaepale ixiocephala (Bth.)Bremek.

Y

Yela Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.Yesar Callicarpa tomentosa(L.)Murr.

Z

Zadvi Sphaeranthus indicusL.Zipri Asparagus racemosus Willd.



A

Abhaya Terminalia chebulaRetz.Abhiru Asparagus racemosus Willd.Adhaki Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp.Aghori Flacourtia indica(Burm.f.)Merr.Agnimasha Celastrus paniculatusWilld.Ahifen Papaver somnifera L.Ahimsra Capparis zeylanicaL.Ahswagandha Withania somnifera(L.)DunalAkashgaruda Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.)C.B.Cl.Akhsah Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.Alkara Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br.Alpamarisha Amaransthus spinosus L.Amalakee Emblica officinalisGaertn.Amaravela Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.Amlardraka Dioscorea oppositifoliaL.Amlika Tamarindus indicaL.Amra Mangifera indica L.Amrardrakam Curcuma amada Roxb.Amrita Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)

MiersexHook.f.&Thoms.Anantamulah Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.Ankodah Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang.Ankelah Alangium salvifolium(L.f.)Wang.Apamargah Achyranthes asperaL.Aparajita Clitoria ternateaL.Aphuka Papaver somnifera L.Arangaka Melia dubiaCav.Ardrakam Zingiber officinalisRosc.Arimedah Acacia leucophloea Willd.Arishtakah Sapindus laurifoliusVahl.Arjakah Ocimum basilicum L.Arjunah Terminalia arjuna(Roxb.exDC.)

Wt.&Arn.Arka Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.Aruksharah Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Ashtmabayda Aerva lanata(L.)Juss.exSchultesAshvaghra Zanthoxylum rhetsa(Roxb.)DC.Ashvashakota Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)CorreaAsimbi Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.Asthisamhara Cissus quadrangularisL.Asvatthah Ficus religiosaL.Atasi Linum usitatissimum L.Atavijamvira Atalantia monophyllaCorr.Atibala Abutilon indicum (L.) SweetAtmagupta Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Avartaki Cassia auriculataL.Avarttani Helicteres isoraL.

B

Badarah Zizyphus mauritianaLamk.Bahuphala Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Bahuvaraka Cordia dichotomaForst.f.Baijaka Terminalia crenulata Roth. Bakuchi Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L.)Taub.Balhika Ferula asafoetida L.Banah Tephrosia purpurea(L.)Pers.Banapunkhah Tephrosia purpurea(L.)Pers.Barbari Ocimum basilicum L.Barburah Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. Batada Anacardium occidentale L.Bhallatakah Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Bhandirah Clerodendron infortunatumauct.

nonL.Bhanga Cannabis sativaL.Bharanji Callicarpa tomentosa(L.)Murr.Bharngi Clerodendron serratum(L.)MoonBhringaraja Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.Bhuchanakah Arachis hypogea L.Bhumisahah Tectona grandisL.f.Bhunimbah Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNeesBhustrina Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)StapfBijakah Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb.Bimba Coccinia grandis(L.)VoigtBrahmadanti Argemone mexicana L.Brihati Solanum anguivi Lam.Brinda Ocimum tenuiflorumL.

C

Chaha Camellia sinensis L.(Kuntze)Chai Camellia sinensis L.(Kuntze)Chakramarda Cassia tora L.Chanaka Cicer arietinum L.Charmakaraluka Dioscorea bulbifera L.Chaturangi Lantana camaraL.Chichindah Trichosanthes cucumerinaL.Chilihintah Cocculus hirsutus(L.)Diels.China Panicum miliaceumL.Chincha Tamarindus indicaL.Chirabilva Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch.Chitraka Plumbago zeylanicaL.

Sanskrit Botanical NameSanskrit Botanical Name


D

Dadamari Cassia tora L.Devanala Lobelia nicotianaefolia RothexRoem.

&Schult.Dhanurvrikshah Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl.Dhanvangah Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl.Dhanyah Oryza sativaL.Dhanyaka Coriandrum sativumL.Dhataki Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzDhatturah Datura metelL.Dhavah Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)

Wall.exBedd.Dhoajavriksha Caryota urens L.Dhurva Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Dhusturah Datura metelL.Dirghamala Sorghum vulgarePers.Dirghapatraka Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Divya Hordeum vulgareL.Dronapushpi Leucas aspera (Willd.)Link

E

Erandah Ricinus communis L.Erandakarkati Carica papayaL.

G

Gambhari Gmelina arboreaRoxb.Gandhamadini Viscum articulatumBurm.f.Ganduga Tagetes erectaL.Gangeruki Canthium coromandelicum (N.Burm.)

AlstonGaralika Aristolochia indica L.Gavedhu Coix lacryma-jobiL.Ghritakumari Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f.Girikarnika Clitoria ternateaL.Girishalmalika Cochlospermum religiosum(L.)AlstonGodhuma Triticum aestivumL.Gojeehva Elephantopus scaberL.Gokshurah Tribulus terrestrisL.Gopabhadra Gmelina asiatica L.Gopalakarkati Melothria maderaspatana(L.)Roem.Gristi Dioscorea bulbifera L.Guduchi Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)

MiersexHook.f.&Thoms.

Gumthi Melothria heterophylla(Lour.)Cogn.Gunja Abrus precatorius L.

H

Haridra Curcuma longaL.Haripucchah Thespesia populnea(L.)Solandex

CorreaHaritaki Terminalia chebulaRetz.Haritali Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Hijjala Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn.Hingu Ferula asafoetida L.

I

Ikshuh Saccharum officinarumL.Indiranika Vitex negundoL.Ingudi Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)Del.Isvari Aristolochia indica L.

J

Jalapushpam Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC.Jambira Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

SwingleJambirah Citrus limon(L.) Burm.f.Jambuh Syzigium cumini(L.)SkeelsJapa Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL.Jargadi Coix lacryma-jobiL.Jatipatri Myristica fragrans Houtt.Jatiphala Myristica fragrans Houtt.Jhinjharita Triumfetta malabarica Koen.exRottb.Jinginee Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.Jiraka Cuminum cyminum L.Jivanti Leptadenia reticulata Wt.&Arn.Jivantika Viscum articulatumBurm.f.Jyotishmati Celastrus paniculatusWilld.

K

Kachu Colocasia esculenta (L.)SchottKadali Musa paradisiaca L.Kaidarya Murraya koenigili (L.)Spreng.Kakodumbarika Ficus hispidaL.f.



Kakubhah Terminalia arjuna(Roxb.exDC.) Wt.&Arn.Kalakantala Agave americana L.Kalanusari Trigonella foenum-graecumL.Kamsamarah Hugonia mystax L.Kanachuka Carissa congesta WightKanguh Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.Kanguni Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.Kantakari Solanum virginianum L.Kantala Agave americana L.Kapikahchhu Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Kapittha Feronia elephantum CorreaKarambah Capparis zeylanicaL.Karanja Pongamia pinnata (L.)PierreKaraskarah Strychnos nux-vomica L.Karavellam Momordica charantiaL.Karavira Nerium indicum Mill.Karnasphota Cardiospermum halicacabum L.Karpas Gossypium herbaceumL.Karpura Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl.Karpuraharidra Curcuma amada Roxb.Kasamarda Cassia occidentalisL.Kasaraja Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.Kashmari Gmelina arboreaRoxb.Kastadaruh Polyalthea longifolia (Sonn.)Thw.Katakah Strychnos potatorum L.f. Kattuvira Capsicum annuum L.Kemuka Costus speciosus(KoenigexRetz.) J.E.SmithKetaki Pandanus odoratissimusL. f.Khadirah Acacia catechu(L.f.)Willd.Khadirah Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd.Kharashakah Clerodendron serratum(L.)MoonKharjura Phoenix sylvestris(L.)Roxb.Kiratatiktah Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)Wall.exNeesKitamari Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.Kokilanayana Asteracantha longifolia(L.)NeesKolah Zizyphus mauritianaLamk.Koli Zizyphus mauritianaLamk.Koshataki Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.Krishnakambhoji Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir.Krishnasariva Cryptolepis buchananiRoem.& Schult.Krishnabeejam Annona reticulata L.Krishnamusali Curculigo orchioidesGaertn.Krishnarjakah Ocimum basilicum L.Krishnasarshapah Brassica nigra(L.)Koch

Krishnasirish Albizia amara (Roxb.)BoivinKsharshreshtha Schrebera swietenioidesRoxb.Kshiravidar Ipomoea mauritianaJacq.Kukkuradry Blumea lacera (Burm.f.)DC.Kukundarah Blumea lacera (Burm.f.)DC.Kulanjan Alpinia galanga (L.)SwartzKulatthika Dolichos biflorusL.Kumari Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f. Kumbhi Careya arborea Roxb.Kundurushkah Boswellia serrata Roxb. Kutaja Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don

L

Laghubadara Zizyphus oenoplia(L.)Mill.Lajjalu Mimosa pudica L.Lakshmana Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb.Langli Gloriosa superba L.Lasunah Allium sativum L.Latakshiri Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)MerrillLatapalasha Butea superbaRoxb.Lavanga Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerryLingini Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud.

M

Madana Randia spinosa Poir.Madaniyahetu Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzMadayantika Lawsonia inermisL.Madhuka Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBrideMadhumalati Wattakaka volubilis(L.f.)StapfMadhunashini Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br.Madhurika Foeniculum vulgare Mill.Mahakayah Zea maysL.Mahamashah Vigna unguiculata subspecies

cylindrica (L.) vanEseltineMahanimba Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Mahasimbi Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.Mahavira Bridelia retusa(L.)Spreng.Mahendra-varuni Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr.Makushthaka Vigna aconitifolia ( Jacq.)MarechalMalayu Ficus hispidaL.f.Mamajjakah Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal Mandapi Arachis hypogea L.Mandukaparni Centella asiatica(L.)Urban.



Manjari Ocimum tenuiflorumL.Mansarohinee Soymida febrifuga(Roxb.)A.Juss.Maricha Piper nigrumL.Mashah Vigna mungo(L.)HepperMasurah Lens culinarisMedic.Matachir Pisum sativumL.Matsyakashi Alternanthera sessilis(L.)R.Br.exDCMeda Leptadenia reticulata Wt.&Arn.Medhini Lawsonia inermisL.Meshashrngi Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br.Methi Trigonella foenum-graecumL.Methika Trigonella foenum-graecumL.Mrigashrngi Helicteres isoraL.Mudgah Vigna radiata (L.)R.WilczekMudgara Jasminum malabaricumWt.Mukhaluka Ipomoea batatas (L.)Lam.Mundi Sphaeranthus indicusL.Mushkakah Schrebera swietenioidesRoxb.Musta Cyperus rotundusL.

N

Naagadanti Croton roxburghii Balakr.Nadihingu Gardenia resiniferaRothNadinish-para Paracalyx scariosus (Roxb.)AliNagavala Canthium coromandelicum (N.Burm.)

AlstonNagabala Grewia hirsuta Vahl.Nagahantri Momordica dioicaRoxb.exWilld.Nagajihva Enicostema axillare (Lam.)RaynalNakharanjani Lawsonia inermisL.Nali Pennisetum typhoideum L.Nalita Hibiscus cannabinus L.Narikela Cocos nucifera L.Narttakah Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Nidigdhika Solanum virginianum L.Nilaniryasa Eucalyptus speciesNilishila Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm.Nimbah Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Nirgundi Vitex negundoL.Nrityakundalah Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Nyagrodhah Ficus benghalensisL.

O

Ondrapushpi Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL.

P

Palanduh Allium cepa L.Palasah Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.Panasa Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.Panchangulah Ricinus communis L.Pandura Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.DonPapata Pavetta crassicaulisBremenk.Paravalli Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.)R.Br.Paribhadra Erythrina variegata L.Parijatah Nyctanthes arbor-tristisL.Parisha Carica papayaL.Parnabijah Kalanchoe pinnata(Lamk.)Pers.Pata Sida acutaBurm.f.Pathala-garudi Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)CorreaPathya Terminalia chebulaRetz.Perukah Psidium guajavaL.Phenilah Sapindus emarginatus Vahl.Pila Sida acutaBurm.f.Pindituka Meyna laxiflora RobynsPippalah Ficus religiosaL.Pippali Piper longumL.Pitshirish Albizia lebbeck(L.)Willd.Pitakushmandah Cucurbita maxima DuchesnePitasara Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb.Potuagakara Momordica dioicaRoxb.exWilld.Prabhadrah Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Priyal Buchanania lanzanSpreng.Pugah Areca catechu L.Punarnava Boerhavia chinensis (L.)Heimerl.Punarnava Boerhavia diffusaL.Pundrakah Saccharum officinarumL.Punnaja Calophyllum inophyllum L.Putikaranja Caesalpinia bonduc (L.)Roxb.

R

Ragi Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Rajamashah Vigna unguiculatasubspecies

cylindrica(L.)vanEseltineRajatarih Mussaenda glabrata(Hook.f.)

Hutch.exGambleRaktachandana Pterocarpus santalinusL.Raktapunarnava Boerhavia diffusaL.Raktavalli Ventilago calyculata Tul.Ramtil Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass.



Ramaphalam Annona reticulata L.Rasna Alpinia galanga (L.)SwartzRasonah Allium sativum L.

S

Sadaphalah Ficus racemosaL.Sali Oryza sativaL.Sallaki Boswellia serrata Roxb. Samanga Mimosa pudica L.Saptachadah Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.Saptala Acacia sinuata (Lour.)Merr.Saptaparnah Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.Sarala Pinus roxburghii Sarg.Sarpakhya Dioscorea oppositifoliaL.Sarshapah Brassica juncea (L.)Czern.&Coss.Satina Pisum sativumL.Sephalika Nyctanthes arbor-tristisL.Shakah Tectona grandisL.f.Shakhotah Streblus asper Lour.Shalmali Bombax ceiba L.Shami Prosopis cineraria (L.)DruceShanarghandika Crotolaria retusaL. Sharapunkhah Tephrosia purpurea(L)Pers.Shariba Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.Shariva Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.)R.Br.Shatala Euphorbia tirucalliL.Shatavari Asparagus racemosus Willd.Shephalika Vitex trifoliaL.Shigruh Moringa oleiferaLam.Shilakarpasika Cochlospermum religiosum(L.)AlstonShinshapa Dalbergia sissooRoxb.Shishapa Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb.Shivalingi Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud.Shophagni Boerhavia diffusaL.Shravani Sphaeranthus indicusL.Shriparnah Mussaenda glabrata(Hook.f.)

Hutch.exGambleShvadamstra Tribulus terrestrisL.Shvetachampak Plumeria rubra L.Shvetakamboja Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.)

Muell.-Arg.Shvetakanchan Bauhinia racemosa Lamk.Shvetakutajah Wrightia tinctoriaBr.Shvetpushpi Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.Shyamakah Panicum sumatrenseRoth.ex

Roem.&Schult.

Shyamalata Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.)R.Br.Shyonakah Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Sindukah Vitex negundoL.Sinduvarah Vitex trifoliaL.Sitaphalam Annona squamosa L.Sitarjakah Ocimum basilicum L.Sivadrumah Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.Sobhanjanah Moringa oleiferaLam.Sriphalah Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.Sugandhamula Alpinia galanga (L.)SwartzSurabhinimba Murraya koenigili (L.)Spreng.Sushavi Carum carvi L.Suvarnaka Cassia fistula L.Svadupatolah Trichosanthes cucumerinaLSvarnakshiri Argemone mexicana L.Sveta-barbura Acacia leucophloeaWilld.Svetabija Dolichos biflorusL.

T

Tailaparnah Eucalyptus speciesTaladrumah Borassus flabelliferL.Talah Borassus flabelliferL.Tamakhuh Nicotiana tabacumL.Tambula Piper betelL.Thrinaraja Borassus flabelliferL.Tila Sesamum orientaleL.Tintrini Tamarindus indicaL.Tulasi Ocimum tenuiflorumL.Tumala Diospyros montana Roxb.Tuntukah Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent

U

Udumbarah Ficus racemosaL.Ugragandha Acorus calamus L.Ulkatah Polyalthea longifolia (Sonn.)Thw.

V

Vacha Acorus calamus L.Vachagandha Ipomoea obscura (L.)Ker-Gawl.Vajrasthi Asteracantha longifolia(L.)NeesValkala Antiaria toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.Vamshah Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd.



Vantulsi Ocimum gratissimum L.Vanacchedi Lantana camaraL.Vana-haridra Curcuma aromatica Salisb.Vananimbuka Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)CorreaVanavrintaki Solanum anguivi Lam.Varada Dioscorea bulbifera L.Varahakarni Withania somnifera(L.)DunalVarahi Dioscorea bulbiferaL.Varttaki Solanum melongena L.Vasa Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)Robins.Vasaka Justicia adathodaL.Vataghni Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.)

O.Ktze.Vatah Ficus benghalensisL.Vellah Embelia ribesBurm.f.Venamrah Anacardium occidentale L.Venuh Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd.Vibhitakah Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.Vidangah Embelia ribesBurm.f.Vidari Pueraria tuberosa DC.Vikankata Maytenus senegalensis(Lam.)Excell.

Vilvah Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.Vishala Cucumis trigonusL.Vishalya Gloriosa superba L.Vitunna Celosia argentea L.Vrichhamala Garcinia indica (DuPetit-Thou.)

ChoisyVrihi Oryza sativaL.Vrikkabijah Anacardium occidentale L.Vrikkaphala Anacardium occidentale L.Vrishchikali Heliotropium indicum L.

Y

Yava Hordeum vulgareL.Yawani Carum copticum(L.)Hiern.Yugaphala Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.Yugmaphalotthama Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br.



A

Aarichettu Bauhinia racemosa Lamk.Adaviatti Ficus hispidaL.f.Adavibenda Thespesia lampas(Cav.)Alef.Adavichamanthi Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl.Adavichamanti Helicteres isoraL.Adavichikkudu Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L.)Taub.Adavidonda Coccinia grandis (L.)VoigtAdavigallidumpa Zingiber roseum Roxb.(Rosc.)Adaviganneru Plumeria rubra L.Adavijanapa Crotalaria albidaHeyneexRothAdavinabhi Gloriosa superba L.Adavinaradumpa Dioscorea oppositifoliaL.Adavinimma Atalantia monophyllaCorr.Adavipalateega Cryptolepis buchananiRoem.&Schult.Adavipasupu Curcuma aromatica Salisb.Adavipatti Thespesia lampas(Cav.)Alef.Adavipogaku Elephantopus scaberL.Adavipogaku Lobelia nicotianaefolia RothexRoem.

&Schult.Adaviteku Tectona grandisL.f.Adavithamma Canavalia africanaDunn. Adaviuchintha Solanum anguivi Lam.Addasaram Justicia adathodaL.Adonda Capparis zeylanicaL.Agakara Momordica dioicaRoxb.exWilld.Akasapandiri Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.Akujemudu Euphorbia ligularia Roxb.Alasanda Vigna unguiculatasubspecies

cylindrica(L.)vanEseltineAllamu Zingiber officinalisRosc.Ambatikura Boerhavia diffusaL.Amruta Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)

MiersexHook.f.&Thoms.Amruthakada Commelina benghalensisL.Amudamu Ricinus communis L.Andugu Boswellia serrata Roxb. Anemchettu Bridelia retusa(L.)Spreng.Ankolamu Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)WangAnkudu Wrightia tinctoria Br.Apamargamu Achyranthes asperaL.Araya Careya arborea Roxb.Are Bauhinia racemosa Lamk.Arikelu Paspalum scroviculatum L.Ariti Musa paradisiaca L.Ashokamu Polyalthea longifolia (Sonn.)Thw.Ashvatthamu Ficus religiosaL.

Ashwagandha Withania somnifera(L.)DunalAsokachettu Polyalthea longifolia (Sonn.)Thw.Athipathi Mimosa pudica L.Atikamamidi Boerhavia diffusaL.Attamamidi Boerhavia diffusaL.Avaduta Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.Avalu Brassica juncea (L.)Czern.&Coss.Avisi Linum usitatissimum L.

B

Badanika Viscum articulatumBurm.f.Baditha Erythrina variegata L.Balurakhisa Argemone mexicana L.Balusu Canthium coromandelicum (N.Burm.)

AlstonBandari Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Bandigurija Wattakaka volubilis(L.f.)StapfBankanakkera Cordia dichotomaForst.f.Bantichettu Tagetes erectaL.Bappayi Carica papayaL.Baragadam Indigofera glandulosaWendl.Barapatalu Indigofera glandulosaWendl.Barli Hordeum vulgareL.Barnika Streblus asper Lour.Barukoli-gottu Heterophragma quadriloculare(Roxb.)

K.Schum.Batani Pisum sativumL.Bedthuru Dichrostachys cinerea(L.)

Wight&Arn.Beediaku Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.Beera Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.Belapaku Tridax procumbensL.Besikadumpa Costus speciosus(KoenigexRetz.)

J.E.SmithBhallatamu Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Bhimududumpa Colocasia esculenta (L.)SchottBhootalbhairi Croton roxburghii Balakr.Bhringaraja Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.Bhutulasi Ocimum basilicum L.Billa Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.Billagodisa Cleistanthus collinus(Roxb.)

Bth.exHook.f.Billudu Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.Bilva Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.Bilvamu Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.Birakaya Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.

Telgu Botanical NameTelgu Botanical Name


Bitlugu Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.Bobbasi Carica papayaL.Bobberlu Vigna unguiculatasubspecies

cylindrica(L.)vanEseltineBodasaramu Sphaeranthus indicusL.Bodathamara Sphaeranthus indicusL.Bodda Ficus hispidaL.f.Boddatarapu Sphaeranthus indicusL.Bodhi Ficus religiosaL.Bogachika Costus speciosus(KoenigexRetz.) J.E.SmithBommakachikai Zingiber roseum Roxb.(Rosc.)Bommalamarri Clerodendron serratum(L.)MoonBondgu Heterophragma quadriloculare(Roxb.)

K.Schum.Bontavempali Tephrosia purpurea(L)Pers.Bontha Grewia hirsuta Vahl.Bonthateega Combretum decandrum Roxb.Boodariteega Cissus pallida (Wt.&Arn.)Boomidapu Indigofera glandulosaWendl.Boragagaddi Commelina benghalensisL.Botlabenda Abutilon indicum (L.) SweetBrahmadandi Echinops echinatusRoxb.Brahmamedi Ficus hispidaL.f.Brahmadandi Argemone mexicana L.Brinda Ocimum tenuiflorumL.Buddakaakaraeega Cardiospermum halicacabum L.Buruga Bombax ceiba L.

C

Cegagaddaveliki Meyna laxiflora RobynsChagermatta AgavespeciesChallabudama Solanum virginianum L.Challagadda Asparagus racemosus Willd.Challamulaga Solanum virginianum L.Chanagalu Cicer arietinum L.Changanara Agave speciesCheekaya Acacia sinuata (Lour.)Merr.Cheepurugaddi Aristida adscensionis L.Cheepurupandla Grewia hirsuta Vahl.chettuCheetukam Gloriosa superba L.dumpateegaChemakura Colocasia esculenta (L.)SchottChemmateega Canavalia africanaDunn.Chennakai Arachis hypogea L.

Chennangi Lagerstroemia parvifloraRoxb.Chennem Lagerstroemia parvifloraRoxb.Cherimanu Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)

Wall.exBedd.Cheruku Saccharum officinarumL.Chettubadanika Viscum articulatumBurm.f.Chigara Albizia amara (Roxb.)BoivinChikkudu Dolichos lablab L.Chilakadadumpa Ipomoea batatas (L.)Lam.Chilakathottakura Amaranthus spinosus L.Chillachettu Strychnos potatorum L.f. Chindugu Albizia odoratissima(L.f.)Benth.Chinnapalleru Tribulus terrestrisL.Chinnapanasa Annona squamosa L.Chinnathantem Cassia tora L.Chinnakasinda Cassia tora L.Chinna-nakkera Cordia dichotomaForst.f.Chintachettu Tamarindus indicaL.Chintha Tamarindus indicaL.Chinulli Allium sativum L.Chiratalabaddu Ventilago calyculataTul.Chirisanagalu Lens culinaris Medic.Chiruvavili Vitex trifoliaL.Chirusitorika Triumfetta malabarica Koen.exRottb.Chittiwoddi Dolichandrone falcata (Wall.exDC.)

Seem.Chode Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Chollu Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Choutagaddi Eragrostis pilosa(L.)P.Beauv.Culbaygaddi Coix lacryma-jobiL.

D

Dabba Citrus limon(L.) Burm.f.Daddugu Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook.Dakki Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Danthe Maytenus senegalensis(Lam.)Excell.Danthepala Cryptolepis buchananiRoem.&Schult.Deepamteega Gloriosa superba L.Devadaru Erythroxylon monogynumRoxb.Devadaru Polyalthea longifolia (Sonn.)Thw.Devaganneru Plumeria rubra L.Dhaniyalu Coriandrum sativumL.Dirisena Albizia lebbeck(L.)Willd.Dokkikampa Sida acutaBurm.f.Dommadolugadda Withania somnifera(L.)DunalDudippa Careya arborea Roxb.



Dumparastramu Alpinia galanga (L.)SwartzDundillum Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Duntapesalu Vigna unguiculatasubspecies cylindrica(L.)vanEseltineDusarateega Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.Dushtuputeega Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.Dusuduteega Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.Dutlaputeega Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.Duvvenaku Abutilon indicum (L.) SweetDuyipapata Pavetta crassicaulisBremenk.

E

Edakulapala Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.Edakularatichettu Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.Edegaddi Bothriochloa pertusa(L.)A.CamusEdigaddi Bothriochloa pertusa(L.)A.CamusEetiputcha Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr.Elithe Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd.Elligadda Allium sativum L.Eramudamu Ricinus communis L.Erragaraka Dactyloctenium aegyptiumBeauv.Erragatha Diospyros montana Roxb.Erragurivinda Abrus precatorius L.Errajamba Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.Errakasavinda Cassia occidentalisL.Erramaddi Terminalia arjuna(Roxb.exDC.)

Wt.&Arn.Errasengaligaddi Dicanthium annulatum(Forssk.)StapfErrabenuteega Ventilago calyculata Tul.Erragadda Allium cepa L.Erribiki Gardenia resiniferaRoth.Esvaraveru Aristolochia indica L.Etigaddi Dicanthium annulatum(Forssk.)StapfEtugaddi Sehima nervosum (Roth)Stapf

G

Gaddakorinda Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth)Alst.Gadidagadapa Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.Gadidagadapaku Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.Gadidagaddapara Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.Gaga Pongamia pinnata (L.)PierreGaggara Ocimum tenuiflorumL.Gajangi Pandanus odoratissimus L.f.Galagara Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.

Ganara Albizia odoratissima(L.f.)Benth.Ganari Albizia amara (Roxb.)BoivinGangaravi Thespesia populnea(L.)Solandex

CorreaGangaregu Zizyphus mauritianaLamk.Gangarenu Thespesia populnea(L.)Solandex

CorreaGanjayi Cannabis sativaL.Ganneru Nerium indicum Mill.Ganti Pennisetum typhoideum L.Gantubharangi Clerodendron serratum(L.)MoonGarachettu Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)Del.Garasi Ficus tinctoria Forst.Garika Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Garuga Garuga pinnata Roxb.Garugudu Garuga pinnata Roxb.Gasagasalu Papaver somnifera L.Gatsakai Caesalpinia bonduc (L.)Roxb.Gayamkura Tridax procumbensL.Gayapumokka Pavonia zeylanica L.Gedeeswari Aristolochia indica L.Gedethantem Cassia occidentalisL.Genegaddi Themeda quadrivalvis (L.)O.Ktze.Genusu Ipomoea batatas (L.)Lam.Gesari Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem.Gillatheega Entada pursaethaDC.Giridichettu Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.Godhumalu Triticum aestivumL.Gogunara Corchorus capsularisL.Goligi Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)CorreaGolugulu Coix lacryma-jobiL.Gongura Hibiscus cannabinus L.Goranta Lawsonia inermisL.Goregummudu Gmelina asiatica L.Gorinta Lawsonia inermisL.Goruchikkudu Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L.)Taub.Gotte Zizyphus xylopyra (Retz.)Willd.Govadi Careya arborea Roxb.Guggilam Boswellia serrata Roxb. Gummaditeega Cucurbita maxima DuchesneGummadidamagadda Pueraria tuberosa DC.Gummudu Gmelina arboreaRoxb.Gummuduchettu Gmelina arboreaRoxb.Gumpena Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.Gundruguteega Combretum decandrum Roxb.Guntagalijeru Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.Guntakalagaraaku Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.Guntakalagaraku Acanthospermum hispidumDC.



Gunugu Celosia argentea L.Gunukuchode Dactyloctenium aegyptiumBeauv.Gunukugaddi Dactyloctenium aegyptiumBeauv.Gurivinda Abrus precatorius L.Guruginja Abrus precatorius L.Gurugukada Celosia argentea L.Gurugukura Celosia argentea L.Gutaguta Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.

I

Illintha Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb.Induguchettu Strychnos potatorum L.f. Ingura Ferula asafoetida L.Inguva Ferula asafoetida L.Ippa Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBrideIriki Cordia dichotomaForst.f.

J

Jajivayila Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzJajikaya Myristica fragrans Houtt.Jajulu Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)KurzJamachettu Psidium guajavaL.Jammi Typha angustifolia L.Jammichettu Prosopis cineraria (L.)DruceJanapa Crotolaria junceaL.Janugaddi Bothriochloa pertusa(L.)A.CamusJanumu Crotolaria junceaL.Jarike Buchanania lanzanSpreng.Jeedimamidi Anacardium occidentale L.Jeelakarra Cuminum cyminum L.Jemudu Euphorbia ligularia Roxb.Jerripothugaddi Panicum repens L.Jidi Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Jilledu Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.Jiluga Caryota urens L.Jivilike Grewia hirsuta Vahl.Jolidi Colebrookea oppositifoliaSm.Jonnalu Sorghum vulgarePers.Juttuvaku Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.

K

Kadalamu Musa paradisiaca L.Kakara Momordica charantiaL.

Kakibira Hugonia mystax L.Kakiborra Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.Kakidonda Coccinia grandis (L.)VoigtKalabanda Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f. Kalimi Carissa congesta WightKamiremi Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm.Kampugummudu Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.Kanapa Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn.Kanapagaddi Sorghum halepense (L.)Pers.Kancheri Maytenus senegalensis(Lam.)Excell.Kandi Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp.Kanigeraalam Acanthospermum hispidumDC.Kanigi Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn.Kannekomali Boerhavia chinensis (L.)Heimerl.Kanuga Pongamia pinnata (L.)PierreKanupugaddi Chloris barbata SwartzKarakachettu Terminalia chebulaRetz.Karalluma Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br.Karivepaku Murraya koenigili (L.)Spreng.Karpuram Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl.Karrigaddi Panicum repens L.Karuchodegaddi Chloris barbata SwartzKaruulava Clitoria ternateaL.Karuchikkudu Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.Karunimma Atalantia monophyllaCorr.Karuvenda Pavonia zeylanica L.Kasakasa Papaver somnifera L.Kasintha Cassia occidentalisL.Kasturitumma Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd.Kasurijunj Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.) O.KtzeKetaki Pandanus odoratissimus L.f.Kharbujadosa Cucumis trigonusL.Kinnera Nyctanthes arbor-tristisL.Kithanaramatta Agave americana L.Kobbari Cocos nucifera L.Kodikada Coccinia grandis (L.)VoigtKodikki Heliotropium indicum L.Kokilakshi Asteracantha longifolia(L.)NeesKokkitha Gardenia turgidaRoxb.Kondaarati Ensete superbum (Roxb.)Chees.Kondaburuga Bombax ceiba L.Kondachigara Albizia odoratissima(L.f.)Benth.Kondagogu Cochlospermum religiosum(L.)AlstonKondajuvi Ficus tinctoria Forst.Kondapapata Pavetta crassicaulisBremenk.Kondapatti Kydia calycinaRoxb.Kondavepa Azadirachta indica A.Juss.



Kooturubudama Melothria maderaspatana(L.)Roem.Korralu Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.Kothmeera Coriandrum sativumL.Krishnatulasi Ocimum tenuiflorumL.Kukkapogaku Elephantopus scaberL.Kukundaramu Blumea lacera (Burm.f.)DC.Kumbhi Careya arborea Roxb.Kumkulu Sapindus laurifoliusVahl.Kumkutichettu Sapindus laurifoliusVahl.Kummariteega Smilax zeylanicaL.Kundeetikommulu Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br.Kunkudu Sapindus emarginatus Vahl.Kunkumapesalu Vigna aconitifolia ( Jacq.)Marechal Kunkutikaya Sapindus laurifoliusVahl.Kunukudu Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC.Kunukudu Mimosa pudica L.

L

Laddagaddi Panicum repens L.Lavangamuchettu Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerryLaxmitulasi Ocimum basilicum L.Lingadonda Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud.Lingapotla Trichosanthes cucumerinaL.

M

Makkabutta Zea maysL.Makkajonna Zea maysL.Makkam Schrebera swietenioidesRoxb.Mamidi Mangifera indica L.Mamidialum Curcuma amada Roxb.Mandara Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL.Manga Randia spinosa Poir.Manugumaramu Mimosa pudica L.Maredu Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.Marri Ficus benghalensisL.Medi Ficus racemosaL.Meduthuti Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb.Mekameyaniteega Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)MerrillMekarayi Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm.Mentikura Trigonella foenum-graecumL.Mentulu Trigonella foenum-graecumL.Mettathuti Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb.Mettavanga Solanum melongena L.Minumulu Vigna mungo(L.)Hepper

Mirapa Capsicum annuum L.Miriyalu Piper nigrumL.Mirpakaya Capsicum annuum L.Misurpappu Lens culinaris Medic.Moduga Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.Moduguteega Butea superbaRoxb.Mokkem Schrebera swietenioidesRoxb.Morri Buchanania lanzanSpreng.Mothuga Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.Mougali Pandanus odoratissimus L.f.Muchatumiki Diospyros montana Roxb.Mukku Leptadenia reticulata Wt.&Arn.Mulaga Moringa oleiferaLam.Mullavankai Solanum virginianum L.Mullaveduru Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd.Mulluburuga Bombax ceiba L.Munaga Moringa oleiferaLam.Munigangaravi Thespesia populnea(L.)Solandex

CorreaMunnatikaraka Melia dubiaCav.Murikinimma Atalantia monophyllaCorr.Mushidi Strychnos nux-vomica L.Musti Strychnos nux-vomica L.Muttavapulagamu Mimosa pudica L.chettu

N

Nagadanthi Heliotropium indicum L.Nagadonda Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.)C.B.Cl.Nagapala Cryptolepis buchananiRoem.&Schult.Nagavalli Mussaenda glabrata(Hook.f.)

Hutch.exGambleNakkagaddi Setaria pallidefusca (Schumach.)

Stapf&C.E.Hubb.Nakkakorra Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.Nakkathokagaddi Setaria pallidefusca (Schumach.)

Stapf&C.E.Hubb.Nakkera Ximenia americanaLNallaavalu Brassica nigra(L.)KochNallacheedi Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Nallaeswari Aristolochia indica L.Nallaginegaddi Heteropogon contortus (L.)P.Beauv.ex

R.&S.Nallajilledu Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.Nallakada Cissus quadrangularisL.Nallakokkita Ipomoea obscura (L.)Ker-Gawl.



Nallamaddi Terminalia crenulata Roth Nallaminumulu Vigna mungo(L.)HepperNallarengi Albizia amara (Roxb.)BoivinNallateega Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.)R.Br.Nallatulasi Ocimum tenuiflorumL.Nallatumma Acacia nilotica (L.). Del. Nallaummetha Datura metelL.Nallavavili Vitex negundoL.Nalleda Cissus quadrangularisL.Nalleru Cissus quadrangularisL.Naramamidi Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)RobinsNelagummadi Pueraria tuberosa DC.Nelagummudu Ipomoea mauritianaJacq.Nelakakkithe Randia spinosa Poir.Nelamulaka Solanum virginianum L.Nelathadi Curculigo orchioidesGaertn.Nelathangedu Cassia auriculataL.Nelathappidi Elephantopus scaberL.Nelavemu Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNeesNellikai Emblica officinalisGaertn.Nemalichettu Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch.Nemalinara Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch.Neredu Syzigium cumini(L.)SkeelsNilgiri Eucalyptus speciesNimma Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

SwingleNimmagaddi Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)StapfNimmatulasi Ocimum gratissimum L.Ningidonda Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud.Niruvanga Solanum melongena L.Nitigobbi Asteracantha longifolia(L.)NeesNitimall Asteracantha longifolia(L.)NeesNochili Vitex trifoliaL.Noogudosa Melothria maderaspatana(L.)Roem.Nuvullu Sesamum orientaleL.

O

Oddimanu Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.Odise Cleistanthus collinus(Roxb.)Bth.ex

Hook.f.Oma Carum copticum L.Hiern.Oodugu Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang.Othagaddi Echinochloa colona (L.)Link

P

Pagada Erythroxylon monogynumRoxb.Pagadamalli Nyctanthes arbor-tristisL.Paidi Ficus racemosaL.Pala Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don.Palakodise Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don.Palateega Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.)R.Br.Palateega Leptadenia reticulata Wt.&Arn.Palakulagaddi Dicanthium annulatum(Forssk.)StapfPalalam Euphorbia hirtaL.Palasengaligaddi Dicanthium annulatum(Forssk.)StapfPalleru Tribulus terrestrisL.Pallerutivva Celastrus paniculatusWilld.Palli Arachis hypogea L.Pampena Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Panasa Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.Panchangi Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm.Pannerugadda Withania somnifera(L.)DunalPaparabundama Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr.Parijatham Nyctanthes arbor-tristisL.Pariki Zizyphus oenoplia(L.)Mill.Parimi Zizyphus oenoplia(L.)Mill.Paringi Carica papayaL.Paringi Zizyphus oenoplia(L.)Mill.Parkagaddi Chloris barbata SwartzPasiteega Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.Pasupu Curcuma longaL.Patanlu Pisum arvenseL.Pattaku Achyranthes asperaL.Peddaduchari Achyranthes asperaL.Peddadulagondi Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Peddaetigaddi Heteropogon contortus (L.)P.Beauv.ex

R.&S.Peddagalintha Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Peddaita Phoenix sylvestris(L.)Roxb.Peddajilakara Foeniculum vulgareMill.Peddakandikaraku Alysicarpus longifolius (Rottl.ex

Spreng.)Wt.&Arn.Peddamanga Gardenia latifolia AitonPeddamanu Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.Peddamarri Ficus benghalensisL.Peddapoolagaddi Alloteropsis cimicina(L.)StapfPeddateku Tectona grandisL.f.Peddatena Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl.Peddathantem Cassia occidentalisL.



Peddatulasi Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.) O.Ktze.

Peddavepa Melia dubiaCav.Peddathungagaddi Cyperus iriaL.Peethirichekka Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.Pegalapotriki Grewia serrulataDC.Perantalu Corchorus capsularisL.Peresi Combretum decandrum Roxb.Perumtutti Abutilon indicum (L.)SweetPesalu Vigna radiata (L.)R.WilczekPesara Vigna radiata (L.)R.WilczekPeyyarambaddu Combretum decandrum Roxb.Phalagaruda Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.Phenilamu Sapindus laurifoliusVahl.Piddakajameda Euphorbia tirucalliL.Piduduga Clerodendron infortunatumauct.

nonL.Pidudukura Clerodendron infortunatumauct.

nonL.Pillipesara Vigna trilobata VerdcourtPilliteega Pueraria tuberosa DC.Pilliadugu Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Pillipeechara Asparagus racemosus Willd.Pindichettu Aerva lanata(L.)Juss.exSchultesPindiparimi Zizyphus rugosaLamk.Pindikura Aerva lanata(L.)Juss.exSchultesPinnamulaka Solanum virginianum L.Pippali Piper longumL.Pippallu Piper longumL.Pittapichukam Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud.Piyari Combretum decandrum Roxb.Podalimanu Acacia catechu(L.f.)Willd.Podapatra Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br.Podapatri Aristolochia indica L.Podapatri Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br.Pogaku Nicotiana tabacumL.Poka Areca catechu L.Polarichettu Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.Ponnachettu Calophyllum inophyllum L.Ponnagantikura Alternanthera sessilis(L.)R.Br.ex

DC.Ponnaithutti Abutilon indicum (L.)SweetPoolagaddi Eragrostis pilosa(L.)P.Beauv.Pooredu Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir.Poothikagaddi Heteropogon contortus (L.)P.Beauv.ex

R.&S.Poppadi Carica papayaL.Potrichettu Kydia calycinaRoxb.

Pottigilligichcha Crotolaria retusaL. Prathi Gossypium herbaceumL.Pratti Gossypium herbaceumL.Pulcheri Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir.Puli Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir.Pulichinta Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC.Pulikampa Lantana camaraL.Pulleru Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.Pullori Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.Pulugudu Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.)

Muell.-Arg.Purugudu Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir.Putikatada Flacourtia indica(Burm.f.)Merr.Pyru Oryza sativaL.

R

Rachamanu Zanthoxylum rhetsa(Roxb.)DC.Ragi Ficus religiosaL.Ragulu Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Raktagandhamu Pterocarpus santalinusL.Ramtulasi Ocimum gratissimum L.Ramaphalamu Annona reticulata L.Ranabheri Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br.Rathnapuriteega Ipomoea batatas (L.)Lam.Ravi Ficus religiosaL.Reddivarinanubalu Euphorbia hirtaL.Regu Zizyphus mauritianaLamk.Rela Cassia fistula L.Resika Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal

S

Sabja Ocimum basilicum L.Saganara Agave speciesSajja Pennisetum typhoideum L.Sakarimatta Agave americana L.Samalu Panicum sumatrenseRothexRoem.&

Schult.Sambrani Boswellia serrata Roxb. Sampenga Plumeria rubra L.Sanga Agave speciesSannajammudu Euphorbia tirucalliL.Sapota Achras zapota L.Sara Buchanania lanzanSpreng.Saralamu Pinus roxburghii Sarg.



Saraswatiaku Centella asiatica(L.)Urban.Satavari Asparagus racemosus Willd.Seemachintha Pithecelobium dulceBenth.Seemathunga Cyperus compressus L.Senagalu Cicer arietinum L.Shankapushpi Clitoria ternatea L.Shimaisapu Carum carvi L.Shribati Mussaenda glabrata(Hook.f.)

Hutch.exGambleShwetasarasa Nyctanthes arbor-tristisL.Sikaya Acacia sinuata (Lour.)Merr.Simajamudu Kalanchoe pinnata(Lamk.)Pers.Sirikarra Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)

Wall.exBedd.Sirimanu Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)

Wall.exBedd.Siripunjaramgadda Typha angustifolia L.Sirirellugaddi Apluda mutica L.Sisoo Dalbergia sissooRoxb.Sithapalam Annona squamosa L.Sithammavarijada Asparagus racemosus Willd.Sithaphalachettu Annona squamosa L.Somi Soymida febrifuga(Roxb.)A.Juss.Somintha Soymida febrifuga(Roxb.)A.Juss.Somuaku Soymida febrifuga(Roxb.)A.Juss.Sonti Zingiber officinalisRosc.Sopu Foeniculum vulgareMill.Sugandipala Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.Sunnambotlukada Abutilon indicum (L.)SweetSuryakantha Lepidagathis cristataWilld.

T

Tadichettu Borassus flabelliferL.Tagarai Cassia tora L.Tamalapaku Piper betelL.Tamma Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.Tandra Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.Tapaakaayateega Cardiospermum halicacabum L.Tapasi Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch.Tatichettu Borassus flabelliferL.Tavitichettu Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br.Teaaku Camellia sinensisL.(Kuntze)Teddupala Wrightia tinctoria Br.Tedlapala Wrightia tinctoria Br.Teku Tectona grandisL.f.Telagaddi Sehima nervosum (Roth)Stapf

Tellaballi Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm.Tellaboodariteega Cissus pallida (Wt.&Arn.)Tellachitramulam Plumbago zeylanicaL.Telladusara Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.Tellajilledu Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br.Tellakasinda Cassia tora L.Tellakudidine Cissus pallida (Wt.&Arn.)Tellamaddi Terminalia arjuna(Roxb.exDC.)

Wt.&Arn.Tellapapidi Pavetta crassicaulisBremenk.Tellatumma Acacia leucophloeaWilld.Tellaummetha Datura metel L.Tellavarjam Erythrina variegata L.Tellavavili Vitex negundoL.Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.Tenkai Cocos nucifera L.Thada Helicteres isoraL.Thade Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.Thakkalichettu Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.)

O.Ktze.Thalati Cleome viscosaL.Thani Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.Tharipi Gardenia latifolia AitonThellagadda Allium sativum L.Thelukondi Heliotropium indicum L.Thetakogila Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.Thiyyadonda Melothria heterophylla (Lour.)Cogn.Thogari Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp.Thogirike Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb.Thorrielaga Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem.Thotliteega Capparis zeylanicaL.Thummi Leucas aspera (Willd.)LinkThummudu Leptadenia reticulata Wt.&Arn.Thungagaddi Cyperus rotundusL.Thuttli Abutilon indicum (L.)SweetThydalu Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Thydansa Cassia tora L.Tikkativva Entada pursaethaDC.Tippateega Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)Miers

exHook.f.&Thoms.Tulasi Ocimum tenuiflorumL.Tuniki Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Turakavepa Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Turrigaddi Bothriochloa pertusa(L.)A.Camus



U

Udambaramu Ficus racemosaL.Uddulu Vigna mungo(L.)HepperUduguchettu Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang.Ulavalu Dolichos biflorusL.Ullibinjara Argemone mexicana L.Ulligadda Allium cepa L.Ullingi Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb.Ullipaya Allium cepa L.Ummetha Datura metelL.Undra Mimosa hamata Willd.Ungaralapidimi Hugonia mystax L.Uppichettu Capparis sepiariaL.Usiri Emblica officinalisGaertn.Usirika Emblica officinalisGaertn.Uthareni Achyranthes asperaL.Utlagaddi Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.

V

Vadaganneru Plumeria rubra L.Vakka Areca catechu L.Vamitikura Cleome viscosaL.Vamu Carum copticum L.Hiern.Vankaya Solanum melongena L.Varagalu Panicum miliaceumL.Vari Oryza sativaL.Variga Panicum miliaceumL.Vasa Acorus calamus L.Vavili Vitex negundoL.Vaviti Cleome viscosaL.Vayila Vitex negundoL.Vayuvidangamu Embelia ribesBurm.f.

Veduru Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd.Vegisa Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb.Velaga Feronia elephantum CorreaVelama Feronia elephantum CorreaVellulli Allium sativum L.Vempali Tephrosia purpurea(L)Pers.Venkayyapuvvu Gloriosa superba L.Vennuthunga Cyperus compressus L.Ventaku Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wt.Vepa Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Verricheda Dioscorea bulbifera L.Verrinuvvulu Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass.Verupanasa Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.Verusenaga Arachis hypogea L.Verusenagalu Arachis hypogea L.Vibhudipatri Ocimum basilicum L.Vidanga Embelia ribesBurm.f.Viruguducheva Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb.Vrikshamala Garcinia indica (DuPetit-Thou.)

ChoisyVuduga Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang

W

Welthuru Dichrostachys cinerea(L.)Wt.&Arn.

Y

Yavaka Hordeum vulgareL.Yegi Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb.Yerragogu Hibiscus sabdariffaL.Yerragandhamu Pterocarpus santalinusL.



Abutilon asiaticum(L.) Abutilon indicum(L.)Sweet

Acacia concinna(Willd.)DC. Acacia sinuata(Lour.)Merr.

Acacia odoratissima(L.f.)Willd. Albizia odoratissima(L.f.)Benth.

Acacia polyacantha Willd. Acacia catechu(L.f.)Willd.

Achyranthes lanata L. Aerva lanata (L.)Juss.exSchultes

Adhatoda vasicaNees. Justicia adathodaL.

Adhatoda zeylanicaMedic. Justicia adathodaL.

Agave cantulaRoxb. Agave americanaL.

Alangium lamarckiiThw. Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang

Aleriana chinensis L. Boerhavia chinensis(L.)Heimerl.

Aloe barbadensisMill. Aloe vera(L.)Burm.f.

Alternanthera triandraLam. Alternanthera sessilis(L.)R.Br.exDC.

Ammi copticumL. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern.

Amomum roseum Roxb. Zingiber roseumRoxb.(Rosc.)

Andropogon annulatus Forssk. Dicanthium annulatum(Forssk.)Stapf

Andropogon contortusL. Heteropogon contortus (L.)P.Beauv.exR.&S.

Andropogon halepensis (L.)Brot. Sorghum halepense (L.)Pers.

Andropogon lancifolius Trin. Arthraxon lancifolius(Trin.)Hochst.

Andropogon nervosus Rottl. Sehima nervosum (Roth)Stapf

Andropogon pertusus(L.)Willd. Bothriochloa pertusa(L.)A.Camus

Andropogon quadrivalvisL. Themeda quadrivalvis (L.)O.Ktze.

Anthistiria ciliataL.f. Themeda quadrivalvis (L.)O.Ktze.

Antidesma paniculata Roxb. Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.

Antidesmapubescens (Willd.) Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.

Apluda aristataL. Apluda muticaL.

Apocynum frutescens(L.) Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.)R.Br.

Aristida depressaRetz. Aristida adscensionisL.

Aristolochia bracteataRetz. Aristolochia bracteolataLam.

Aristolochia lanceolataWt. Aristolochia indicaL.

Arthraxon microphyllus sensu Hook. Arthraxon lancifolius(Trin.)Hochst.

Artocarpus integrifolia sensuGamble Artocarpus heterophyllusLamk.

Arum esculentum L. Colocasia esculenta (L.)Schott

Asclepias daemia Forssk. Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.

Asclepias gigantea L. Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.

Asclepias procera Ait. Calatropis procera (Ait.)R.Br.

Asclepias volubilisL.f. Wattakaka volubilis(L.f.)Stapf

Atalantia malabarica(Rafin.)Tanaka Atalantia monophyllaCorr.

Axonopus cimicinum(L.)P.Beauv.Ess.Agrost. Alloteropsis cimicina(L.)Stapf

Azanza lampas (Cav.)Dalz.&Gibs. Thespesia lampas(Cav.)Alef.

Balanites roxburghii Plamch Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)Del.

A

Synonym Main Term


Balsamaria inophyllum Lour. Calophyllum inophyllum L.

Bambos arundinacea Retz. Bambusa arundinaceae (Retz.)Willd.

Bambusa ritcheyiMunro Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi (Munro)Naithani

Bambusa spinosaRoxb. Bambusa arundinaceae (Retz.)Willd.

Banksia speciosa J.Koenig Costus speciosus (KoenigexRetz.)J.E.Smith

Barleria auriculataSchum. Asteracantha longifolia (L.)Nees

Barleria longifoliaL. Asteracantha longifolia (L.)Nees

Barringtonia spicata Bl. Barringtonia acutangula (L.)Gaertn.

Bassia longifoliaKoen. Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBride

Behel schulliBuch.-Ham. Asteracantha longifolia (L.)Nees

Bergera koenigii (L.)Spreng. Murraya koenigii (L.)Spreng.

Bignonia indica L. Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.

Bigonia quadrilocularisRoxb. Heterophragma quadriloculare(Roxb.)K.Schum.

Blumea subcapitataDC. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.)DC.

Boerhavia rependaWilld. Boerhavia chinensis(L.)Heimerl.

Boerhavia repens L. Boerhavia diffusa L.

Bombax malabaricumDC. Bombax ceibaL.

Borassus flabelliformisRoxb. Borassus flabelliferL.

Brindonia indica DuPetit-Thou. Garcinia indica (DuPetit-Thou.)Choisy

Bruscha macrocarpaBertol. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.

Bryonia epigaea Rottl. Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.)C.B.Cl.

Bryonia laciniosaL. Bryonopsis laciniosa (L.)Naud.

Bryophyllum calycinumSalisb. Kalanchoe pinnata (Lamk.)Pers.

Bryophyllum pinnatum(Lam.)Oken. Kalanchoe pinnata (Lamk.)Pers.

Buchanania latifoliaRoxb. Buchanania lanzanSpreng.

Butea frondosaRoxb.exWilld. Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.

Caesalpinia cristataL. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.)Roxb.

Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb. Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth)Alst.

Cajanus indicus Spreng. Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp.

Callicarpa lanataL. Callicarpa tomentosa(L.)Murr.

Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.

Canavalia virosa(Roxb.)Wt.&Arn. Canavalia africana Dunn.

Cannabis indicaLam. Cannabis sativaL.

Canthium parviflorumLam. Canthium coromandelicum (N.Burm.)Alston

Capparis horridaL.f. Capparis zeylanicaL.

Capparis incanescens DC. Capparis sepiariaL.

Capsicum frutescens sensuCl. Capsicum annuum L.

Caralluma fimbriataWall. Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br.

Carissa carandasauct.nonL. Carissa congesta Wight.

B

C

Synonym Main Term


Caryophyllus aromaticusL. Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerry

Cassia rhombifoliaRoxb. Cassia fistula L.

Celastrus montana Roth Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.)Excell.

Celastrus senegalensis Lam. Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.)Excell.

Celosia cristataL. Celosia argentea L.

Cephalandra indica (Wight&Arn.)Naudin Coccinia grandis (L.)Voigt

Ceriscoides turgida(Roxb.)Tirveng. Gardenia turgidaRoxb.

Chamaesyce hirta(L.)Millsp. Euphorbia hirtaL.

Citrus karnaRaf. Citrus limon (L.)Burm.f.

Citrus medica var. limonL. Citrus limon (L.)Burm.f.

Citrus medica var. limonum (Wight&Arn.) Citrus limon (L.)Burm.f. Hook.f.

Citrus medica var. acida(Roxb.)Hook.f. Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)Swingle

Cleome icosandraL. Cleome viscosa L.

Clerodendron viscosumVent. Clerodendron infortunatum auct.nonL.

Clerodendrum phlomidis L.f. Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.)O.Ktze.

Clutia collina Roxb. Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.)Bth.exHook.f.

Clutia retusa L. Bridelia retusa (L.)Spreng.

Coccinia indicaWight&Arn. Coccinia grandis (L.)Voigt

Cocculus villosusDC. Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.

Cochlospermum gossypiumDC. Cochlospermum religiosum (L.)Alston

Colocasia antiquorumSchott Colocasia esculenta (L.)Schott

Combretum roxburghiiSpreng. Combretum decandrumRoxb.

Conocarpus latifoliaRoxb.exDC. latifolia (Roxb.exDC.)Wall.exBedd.

Convolvulus batatasL. Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.

Convolvulus obscurusL. Ipomoea obscura (L.)Ker-Gawl.

Conyza laceraBurm.f. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.)DC.

Cordia myxa auct.plur.nonL. Cordia dichotoma Forst.f.

Cordia obliqua Willd. Cordia dichotoma Forst.f.

Cracca purpurea L. Tephrosia purpurea(L.)Pers.

Crateva marmelos L. Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.

Croton laevigatusVahl. Croton roxburghii Balakr.

Cucumis acutangula L. Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.

Cucumis callosusCogn. Cucumis trigonusL.

Cucumis colocynthis L. Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr.

CucumismaderaspatanusL. Melothria maderaspatana (L.)Roem.

Cucumis melo L. Cucumis trigonusL.

Cucumis melo var.agrestisNaud. Cucumis trigonusL.

Cucumispubescens Willd. Cucumis trigonusL.

Curculigo malabarica NasirandAli Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.

Synonym Main Term


Curcuma pseudomontana Graham Curcuma aromatica Salisb.

Cyamopsis psoralioides(L.)DC. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)Taub.

Cynosurus coracanus L. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.

Cyathocline lyrata Cass. Cyathocline purpurea(Buch.-Ham.exD.Don)O.Ktze.

Cylista scariosa Roxb. Paracalyx scariosus (Roxb.)Ali

Cynanchum indicum Burm.f. Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)Merrill

Cynanchum reticulatum Retz.Obs. Leptadenia reticulata Wt.&Arn.

Cynosurus aegyptium L. Dactyloctenium aegyptium(L.)P.Beauv.

Cyperus iria var. parviflorus (Nees) Cyperus iria L.

Cyperus parviflorus(N.Wight) Cyperus iria L.

Cytisus pinnatusL. Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre

Daemia extensa R.Br. Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.

Dalbergia emarginataRoxb. Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb.

Dalium coromandelicumHoutt. Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.

Datura fastuosa (L.) Datura metel (L.)

Datura fastuosavar.albaC.B.Cl. Datura metel (L.)

Dendrocalamus pertusus(L.) Bothriochloa pertusa(L.)A.Camus

Derris indica(Lam.)Bennet Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre

Derris pinnataLour. Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre

Desmanthus cinereus (L.) Dichrostachys cinerea(L.)Wight&Arn.

Dioscorea glabra Hook. f. Dioscorea belophylla (Prain)Haines

Dioscorea lanceolata HeyneexHook. Dioscorea oppositifoliaL.

Dioscorea nummularia Lam.var. belophylla Dioscorea belophylla (Prain)Haines

Dioscorea sativa Thunb. Dioscorea bulbiferaL.

Diospyros capitulata Wight Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. Diplocyclos palmatus (L.)C.Jeffrey Bryonopsis laciniosa (L.)Naud.

Dolichos angularis Willd. Vigna angularis (Willd.)Ohwi&Ohashi

Dolichos ensiformisL. Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.

Dolichos pruriensL. Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.

Dolichos trilobatusL. Vigna trilobata Verdcourt

Dolichos trilobusL. Vigna trilobata Verdcourt

Dolichos uniflorusLam. Dolichos biflorusL.

Dolichos virosusRoxb. Canavalia africana Dunn.

Dregea volubilis(L.f.)Bth.exHook.f. Wattakaka volubilis(L.f.)Stapf

Echites pubescensBuch.-Ham. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)Wall.exG.Don.

Echites scholaris L.Mant. Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.

Ecliptaalba(L.)Hassk. Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.

Elate sylvestris L. Phoenix sylvestris(L.)Roxb.

D

E

Synonym Main Term


Eleusine aegyptia (L.)Desf. Dactyloctenium aegyptium(L.)P. Beauv.

Enicostemma hyssopifolium (Willd.)Verdoorn Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal

Enicostemma littorale nonBlume Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal

Entada rheedeiSpreng. Entada pursaethaDC.

Erythrina indicaLam. Erythrina variegata L.

Erythrina monospermaLam. Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.

Erythroxylon indicumDC. Erythroxylon monogynum Roxb.

Eucalyptus albaReinw. Eucalyptus sp.

Eucalyptus botryoidesSm. Eucalyptus sp.

Eucalyptus camaldulensisDehnh. Eucalyptus sp.

Eucalyptus citriodoraHook. Eucalyptus sp.

Eucalyptus paniculata Sm. Eucalyptus sp.

Eucalyptus piluarisSm. Eucalyptus sp.

Eucalyptus resiniferaSm. Eucalyptus sp.

Eucalyptus robustaSm. Eucalyptus sp.

Eucalyptus tereticornisSm. Eucalyptus sp.

Eucalyptus torellianaF.Muell. Eucalyptus sp.

Eucalyptus umbellateDum. Eucalyptus sp.

Eucalyptus viminalisLabill. Eucalyptus sp.

Eugenia aromaticKuntze. Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerry

Eugenia caryophyllataThunb. Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerry

Eugenia jambolana Lam. Syzigium cumini(L.)Skeels

Euphorbia nerifoliaL. Euphorbia ligulariaRoxb.

Euphorbia piluliferaL. Euphorbia hirta L.

Fagara rhetsa Roxb. Zanthoxylum rhetsa(Roxb.)DC.

Feronia limoniaSwingle Feronia elephantumCorrea

Ferula foetidaf. Ferula asafoetidaL.

Ficus asperrimaRoxb. Ficus exasperataVahl.

Ficus daemonum Koen. Ficus hispidaL.f.

Ficus gibbosa Bl. Ficus tinctoriaForst. f.

Ficus glomerata Roxb. Ficus racemosa L.

Ficus indica L. Ficus benghalensis L.

Ficus oppositifolia Willd. Ficus hispidaL.f.

Ficus parasiticaWilld. Ficus tinctoriaForst. f.

Ficus punctifera Warb. Ficus exasperataVahl.

Ficus tuberculata Roxb. Ficus tinctoriaForst. f.

Flacourtia ramontchi L’Herit. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.)Merr.

Flacourtia sepiariaRoxb. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.)Merr.

Fluggea leucopyrus Willd. Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.)Muell.-Arg.

F

Synonym Main Term


Fluggea microcarpa Bl.Bijdr. Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm.

Fluggea virosaRoxb.exWilld. Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm.

Foeniculum capillaceumGilib Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

Foeniculum vulgareAll. Foenicum vulgare Mill.

Gardenia enneandra Koen.exRoxb. Gardenia latifolia Aiton.

Gardenia lucida Roxb. Gardenia resiniferaRoth

Gardenia turgida var.montana (Roxb.)Hook.f. Gardenia turgidaRoxb.

Gentiana axillaries Lam. Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal

GloriosarothschildianaO'Brien Gloriosa superba L.

Glycosmis arborea (Roxb.)DC. Glycosmis pentaphylla(Retz.)Correa

Gmelina indicaBurm.f. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.)Merr.

Gmelina parviflora Roxb. Gmelina asiaticaL.

Gossypium africanum(G.Watt)G.Watt. Gossypium herbaceumL.

Gossypium obtusifolium abyssinicum Gossypium herbaceumL. var.africanumG.Watt.

Grewia dispermaauct.nonRottl.exSpreng Grewia serrulataDC.

GrewiahelicterifoliaVahl. Grewia hirsuta Vahl.

GrewiainequalisBl.Bijdr. Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl.

Grewia inequalis var.leptopetala (T.Cooke)Almeida Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl.

Grewia laevigataauct.nonVahl. Grewia serrulataDC.

Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl.var. leptopetala Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl. (Brandis)T.Cooke

Gymnosporia emarginata (Willd.)Thw. Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.)Excell.

Gymnosporia Montana (Roth)Bth. Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.)Excell.

Haldinia cordifolia(Roxb.)Ridsd. Adina cordifolia (Roxb.)Hook.Hedysarum longifoliumRottl.exSpreng. Alysicarpus longifolius (Rottl.exSpreng.)Wight&Arn.

Hedysarum tuberosum Roxb.exWilld. Pueraria tuberosa DC.

Heterophragma roxburghii A.DC. Heterophragma quadriloculare(Roxb.)K.Schum.

Hibiscus lampas Cav. Thespesia lampas(Cav.)Alef.

Hibiscus populneus L. Thespesia populnea(L.)SolandexCorrea

Hibiscus zeylanicus L. Pavonia zeylanica L.

Holarrhena antidysenterica Holarrhena pubescens (Roxb.exFleming)Wall.exA.DC. (Buch.-Ham.)Wall.exG.Don.

Holcus halepensisL. Sorghum halepense (L.)Pers.

Hordeum hexastichon L. Hordeum vulgareL.

Hordeum sativum (Pers.) Hordeum vulgareL.

Hydrocotyle asiaticaL. Centella asiatica (L.)Urban.

Hygrophila auriculata(K.Schum.)Heine Asteracantha longifolia (L.)Nees

G

H

Synonym Main Term


Hygrophila schulli(Buch.-Ham.) Asteracantha longifolia (L.)Nees M.R.&S.M.Almeida

Hygrophila spinosaT.Anders. Asteracantha longifolia (L.)Nees

Indigofera glandulosa Roxb.exWilld. Indigofera glandulosaWendl.

Ipomoea curassavicaAll. Ipomoea obscura (L.)Ker-Gawl.

Ipomoea digitata auct.nonL. Ipomoea mauritianaJacq.

Ipomoea fastigiata Choisy Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.

Ipomoeamarginata(Desr.)Verdc. Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb.

Ipomoea maximaauct.non(L.f.)DonexSweet Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb.

Ischaemum laxum R.Br. Sehima nervosum (Roth)Stapf

Ischaemum sulcatum Hack. Sehima sulcatum(Hack.)A.Camus

Jasminum latifoliumGrah.nonRoxb. Jasminum malabaricumWt.

Justicia paniculataBurm.f. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)Wall.exNees

Kirganelia reticulata(Poir.)Baill. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.

Lablab purpureus (L.)Sweet Dolichos lablabL.

Lagerstoemia lanceolata Wall.exC.B.Cl. Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wt.

Lannea grandisEngl. Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.

Lantana aculeataL. Lantana camaraL.

Lasiosiphon eriocephalus (Meissn.)Decne. Gnidia glauca(Fresen.)Gilg.

Lasiosiphon glaucus Fresen. Gnidia glauca(Fresen.)Gilg.

Lens esculentaMoench Lens culinaris Medic.

Lepurandra saccidoraNimmo.exGrah. Antiaris toxicaria(Pers.)Lesch.

Leucas plukenetii (Roth)Spr. Leucas aspera (Willd.)Link

Limonia acidissimaL. Feronia elephantumCorrea

Limonia aurantifoliaChristm.&Panz. Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)Swingle

Limonia crenulata Roxb. Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem.

Limonia elephantumCorrea Feronia elephantumCorrea

Limonia mauritiana Lam. Glycosmis pentaphylla(Retz.)Correa

Limonia monophylla L. Atalantia monophyllaCorr.

Litsea chinensisLam. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)Robins

Litsea sebifera Pers. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)Robins

Loranthus falcatusL.f. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Etting

Loranthus longiflorusDesr. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.)Etting

Loranthus longiflorus varfalcatus(L.f.)Kurz Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.)Etting

Luffa acutangula varamara (Roxb.)C.B.Clarke. Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.

K

L

I

J

Synonym Main Term


Luffa amara Roxb. Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.

Lythrum fruticosum L. Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)Kurz

Macrotyloma uniflorum(Lam.)Verdc. Dolichos biflorusL.

Madhuca indica J.F.Gmel. Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBride

Mangifera domesticaGaertn. Mangifera indica L.

Manilkara achras(Mill.)Fosberg Achras zapotaL.

Manilkara zapota(L.)VanRoyen Achras zapotaL.

Maranta galanga L. Alpinia galanga(L.)Swartz

Marsdenia volubilisT.Cooke Wattakaka volubilis(L.f.)Stapf

Maytenus emarginata(Willd.)DingHou Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.)Excell.

Melia azadirachtaL. Azadirachta indica A.Juss.

Melia compositaWilld. Melia dubia Cav.

Melothria maderaspatana (L.)Cogn. Melothria maderaspatana (L.)Roem.

Menispermum cordifolium Willd. Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)Miers exHook.f.&Thoms.

Menispermum hirsutumL. Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.

Milium cimicinum(L.)Mant.Alt. Alloteropsis cimicina(L.)Stapf

Mimosa amara Roxb. Albizia amara (Roxb.)Boivin

Mimosa armata Spreng. Mimosa hamataWilld.

Mimosa astringens Schum.&Thonn. Acacia nilotica(L.)Del.

Mimosa catechuL.f. Acacia catechu (L.f.)Willd.

Mimosa cineraria L. Prosopis cineraria (L.)Druce

Mimosa cinerea (L.) Dichrostachys cinerea(L.)Wight&Arn.

Mimosa dulcis(Roxb.)Willd. Pithecellobium dulceBenth.

Mimosa farnesianaL. Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd.

Mimosa lebbeckL. Albizia lebbeck (L.)Willd.

Mimosa leucophloea Roxb. Acacia leucophloeaWilld.

Mimosa nilotica L. Acacia nilotica(L.)Del.

Mimosa odoratissima L.f. Albizia odoratissima(L.f.)Benth.

Momordica acutangula L. Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.

Moringa pterygospermaGaertn. Moringa oleiferaLam.

Mucuna prurita(L.)Hook. Mucuna pruriens(L.)DC.

Mukia scabrella (L.f.)Arn. Melothria maderaspatana (L.)Roem.

Musa cliffortianaL. Musa paradisiaca L.

MusasapientumL.var.paradisiacaBaker Musa paradisiaca L.

Musa superbaRoxb. Ensete superbum (Roxb.)Chees.

Mussaenda frondosa L. Mussaenda glabrata (Hook.f.)Hutch.exGamble

Mussaenda frondosa var.glabrataHook.f. Mussaenda glabrata (Hook.f.)Hutch.exGamble

Myristica officinalisL.f. Myristica fragransHoutt.

Myrobalanus bellirica Gaertn. Terminalia bellirica(Gaertn.)Roxb.

M

Synonym Main Term


Myrobalanus chebula (Retz.)Gaertn.Fruct. Terminalia chebulaRetz.

Myrtus cumini L. Syzigium cumini(L.)Skeels

Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem.

Nauclea cordifoliaRoxb. Adina cordifolia (Roxb.)Hook.

Nerium odorum Soland. Nerium indicum Mill.

Nerium oleander L. Nerium indicum Mill.

Nicotiana angustifoliaMill. Nicotiana tabacumL.

Nicotiana chinensisFisch.exLehm. Nicotiana tabacumL.

Nicotiana latissimaMill. Nicotiana tabacumL.

Nicotiana macrophyllaSpr. Nicotiana tabacumL.

Nicotiana tabacumL.var.macrophylla Nicotiana tabacumL. (Lehm.)Schrank

Nicotiana virginicaAgardh. Nicotiana tabacumL.

Nyctanthes arbor-tristisvar.dentata Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Hort.exMoldenke

Nyctanthes dentataBlume Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.

Nyctanthes tristisSalisb. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.

Ocimum sanctumL. Ocimum tenuiflorumL.

Ocimum superbumBusc.&Muschl Ocimum gratissimum L.

Ocimum thyrsiflorumL. Ocimum basilicum L.

Odina wodierRoxb. Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.

Origanum benghalense Burm.f. Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.)O.Ktze.

Oryza nivara Sharma&Shastry Oryza sativaL.

Oxalis sensitiva L. Biophytum sensitivum (L.)DC.

Oxytenanthera monostigmaBedd. Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi (Munro)Naithani

Oxytenanthera ritcheyi(Munro)Blatt.&McC. Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi (Munro)Naithani

Oxytenanthera stocksii Munro Pseudoxytenantherastocksii(Munro)Naithani

Pancratium verecundum auct.nonAiton Pancratium triflorumRoxb.

Pandanus tectorius auct.pl.non Pandanus odoratissimus L.f. Soland.exParkinson

Panicum americanum L. Pennisetumtyphoideum L.

Panicum cimicinum(L.)Retz. Alloteropsis cimicina(L.)Stapf

Panicum colonum L. Echinochloa colona (L.)Link

Panicum ischaemoides Retz. Panicum repensL.

Panicum italicumL. Setaria italica (L.)Beauv.

Panicum miliare Lam. Panicum sumatrenseRothexRoem.&Schult.

Panicum pallidefuscum (Schumach.) Setaria pallidefusca (Schumach.)Stapf&C.E.Hubb.

Panicum sanguinale (L.) Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.

O

P

N

Synonym Main Term


Paracaryum coelestinumBenth&Hook.f. Adelocaryum coelestinum (Lindl.)Brand.

Parilum arbor-tristisGaertn. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.

Paspalum cartilagineum J.S.exC.B.Presl. Paspalum scrobiculatumL.

Paspalum commersonii Lam. Paspalum scrobiculatumL.

Paspalum obiculare Forst. Paspalum scrobiculatumL.

Paspalum sanguinale (L.)Lam. Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.

Pavetta indicaauct.nonL. Pavetta crassicaulisBremenk.

Pennisetum americanum (L.)K.Schum.C.Rich Pennisetumtyphoideum L.

Pennisetum spicatum R.&S. Pennisetumtyphoideum L.

Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.f.) Pennisetumtyphoideum L. Stapf&C.E.Hubb.

Periploca indica L. Hemidesmus indicus (L.)R.Br.

Periploca sylvestris Retz. Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br.

Phaseolus aconitifolius Jacq. Vigna aconitifolia ( Jacq.)Marechal

Phaseolus cylindricus L. Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (L.)vanEseltine

Phaseolus mungo L. Vigna mungo(L.)Hepper

Phaseolus radiatus L. Vigna radiata (L.)R.Wilczek

Phaseolus trilobusAit. Vigna trilobata Verdcourt

Phlomis aspera Willd. Leucas aspera (Willd.)Link

Phlomis nepetiifolia L. Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br.

Phlomis plukenetti Roth Leucas aspera (Willd.)Link

Phlomis stricta HeyneexHook.f. Leucas strictaBth.

Phyllanthus emblicaL. Emblica officinalisGaertn.

Phyllanthus virosus Roxb.exWilld. Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm.

Physalis somnifera L. Withania somnifera(L.)Dunal

Pinus longifoliaRoxb.exLamb Pinus roxburghii Sarg.

Pinus longifoliaRoxb.nonSalisb. Pinus roxburghii Sarg.

Pisum sativum arvense L.(Poir.) Pisum arvense L.

Plectronia parviflora (Lam.)Bedd. Canthium coromandelicum (N.Burm.)Alston

Plumeria acutifoliaPoir. Plumeria rubra L.

Poa pilosaL. Eragrostis pilosa(L.)P.Beauv.

Pogostemon parviflorus Bth. Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.)O.Ktze.

Pogostemon plectranthoides auct.promaj. Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.)O.Ktze. nonDesf.

Polymia abyssynicaL.f. Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass.

Pongamia glabra Vent. Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre

Prenanthes procumbens Roxb. Launaea procumbens(Roxb.)Ram.Raj.

Prosopis spicataBurm.f. Prosopis cineraria (L.)Druce

Prosopis spiciceraL. Prosopis cineraria (L.)Druce

Pseudotenanthera ritcheyi(Munro)R.Majumdar Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi (Munro)Naithani

Synonym Main Term


Pseudotenanthera stocksii (Munro)R.Majumdar Pseudoxytenantherastocksii(Munro)Naithani

Psoralea leichardtiiF.Muell. Indigofera glandulosaWendl.

Randia dumetorum Poir. Randia spinosa Poir.

Reichardia decapetalaRoth Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth)Alst.

Rhamnus oenopliaL. Zizyphus oenoplia (L.)Mill.

Rhamnus xylopyrus Retz.Obs. Zizyphus xylopyra (Retz.)Willd.

Ruellia callosaWall. Carvia callosa (Wall.)Bremek.

Ruellia longifolia(L.)Roxb. Asteracantha longifolia (L.)Nees

Salmalia malabarica (DC.)Sch.Endl. Bombax ceibaL.

Sapindus trifoliatesensuHiern. Sapindus emarginatus Vahl.

Sapindus trifoliatus auct.nonL. Sapindus laurifoliusVahl.

Scabrita triflora. L. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.

Sebifera glutinosaLour. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)Robins

Senna occidentalisRoxb. Cassia occidentalis L.

Sesamum indicum L. Sesamum orientaleL.

Sesamum mulayanum Nair Sesamum orientaleL.

Setaria pumila (Poir.)R.&S. Setaria pallidefusca (Schumach.)Stapf&C.E.Hubb.

Sida carpinifolia Mast. Sida acuta Burm.f.

Sida indicaL. Abutilon indicum(L.)Sweet

Sideroxylum tomentosumRoxb. Xantolis tomentosa (Roxb.)Rafin.

Sinapsis juncea L. Brassica juncea (L.)Czern.&Coss.

Sison ammiL. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern.

Smilax microphylla Roxb. Smilax zeylanicaL.

Smilax ovalifolia Roxb. Smilax zeylanicaL.

Solanum coagulans Forsk. Solanum melongena L.

Solanum incanum L. Solanum melongena L.

Solanum indicum auct.nonL. Solanum anguivi Lam.

Solanum surattenseBurm.f Solanum virginianum L.

Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad.&Wendl. Solanum virginianum L.

Solena heterophyllaLour. Melothria heterophylla (Lour.)Cogn.

Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench. Sorghum vulgarePers.

Sorghum miliaceum(Roxb.)Snowden Sorghum halepense (L.)Pers.

Spathodea falcataWall.exDC. Dolichandrone falcata (Wall.exDC.)Seem.

Sphaeranthus indicus auct.nonL. Sphaeranthus indicus L.

Strobilanthes callosusNees Carvia callosa (Wall.)Bremek.

Strobilanthes ixiocephalusBth. Thelepaepale ixiocephala (Bth.)Bremek.

Swietenia chloroxylonRoxb. Chloroxylon swieteniaDC.

Swietenia febrifuga Roxb. Soymida febrifuga(Roxb.)A.Juss.

Synonym Main Term

S

R


Tanacetum purpureumBuch.-Ham.exD.Don Cyathocline purpurea(Buch.-Ham.exD.Don)O.Ktze.

Tephrosia hamiltonii J.R.Drumm.exGamble Tephrosia purpurea(L.)Pers.

Tephrosia purpurea var.pubescens Baker Tephrosia purpurea(L.)Pers.

Terminalia alataB.HeyneexRoth Terminalia crenulata Roth

Terminalia arjuna var.angustifolia (Roxb.)C.B.Cl. Terminalia arjuna(Roxb.exDC.)Wt.&Arn.

Terminalia bellirica var.laurinoides C.B.Cl. Terminalia bellirica(Gaertn.)Roxb.

Terminalia chebula var.tomentella (Kurz)C.B.Cl. Terminalia chebulaRetz.

Terminalia coriacea(Roxb.)Wight&Arn. Terminalia crenulata Roth

Terminalia tomentosa(Roxb.exDC.)Wight&Arn. Terminalia crenulata Roth

Terminalia tomentosavar. coriacea (Roxb.)C.B.Cl. Terminalia crenulata Roth

Terminalia tomentosavar.crenulata (Roth)C.B.Cl. Terminalia crenulata Roth

Theasinensis L. Camellia sinensis L.(Kuntze)

Themeda ciliata(L.f.)Hack. Themeda quadrivalvis (L.)O.Ktze.

Thespesia macrophyllaBl. Thespesia lampas(Cav.)Alef.

Tiaradium indicumLehm. Heliotropium indicumL.

Tomex tomentosaL. Callicarpa tomentosa(L.)Murr.

Trachyspermum ammi(L.)SpragueexTumil Carum copticum (L.)Hiern.

Tribulus lanuginosusL. Tribulus terrestrisL.

Tribulus terrestris Edgew.&Hook.f.p.p.nonL. Tribulus terrestrisL.

Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam).Voigt Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.

Trichosanthes bracteata var. tomentosa Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. (HeyneexC.B.Cl.)Chakr.

Trichosanthes lobata H. Trichosanthes cucumerinaL.

Trichosanthes palmata Roxb. Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.

Trichosanthes palmata var. tomentosa Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. HeyneexC.B.Cl.

Triticum sativumLam. Triticum aestivumL.

Triticum vulgareVill. Triticum aestivumL.

Triumfetta rotundifoliaLamk. Triumfetta malabarica Koen.exRottb.

Tylophora asthamatica Wight&Arn. Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)Merrill

Typha angustataBory&Chaub.T. Typha angustifolia L.

Ulmus integrifolia Roxb.Pl.Cor. Holoptelea integrifolia(Roxb.)Planch.

Urostigima benghalense L. Ficus benghalensis L.

Urostigma religiosum (L.) Ficus religiosaL.

Uvaria longifolia Sonn. Polyalthea longifolia (Sonn.)Thw.

Vangueria spinosaRoxb. Meyna laxiflora Robyns

Ventilago denticulata Willd. Ventilago calyculata Tul.

Ventilago madraspatana var. calyculata (Tul.)King Ventilago calyculata Tul.

Synonym Main Term

U

T

V


Synonym Main Term

Verbesina prostrataL. Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.

Vigna catjang (Burm.f.)Walp. Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (L.)vanEseltine

Viscum nepalense (Spreng.) Viscum articulatumBurm.f.

Vitis pallida Wall.exWight Cissus pallida (Wight&Arn.)

Vitis quadrangularis(L.)Wall.exWight Cissus quadrangularis L.

Volkameria multiflorum Burm. f. Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.)O.Ktze.

Volkameria serrata L. Clerodendrum serratum (L.)Moon

Woodfordia floribunda Salisb. Woodfordia fruticosa(L.)Kurz

Wrightia rothii G.Don. Wrightia tinctoria Br.

Zanthoxylum budrunga (Roxb.)DC. Zanthoxylum rhetsa(Roxb.)DC.

Zehneria marginata(Blume)Keraudren Melothria heterophylla (Lour.)Cogn.

Zizyphus jujubaLam. Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.

W

Z


A

Abortion Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl.Abscess SeealsoBoilsAbscess Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br. Careya arborea Roxb. Ficus hispidaL.f. Ficus religiosaL. Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL. Ipomoea obscura (L.)Ker-Gawl. Meyna laxiflora RobynsAbscessinmouth Curcuma longaL.Abscessinneck Arachis hypogea L. Gloriosa superba L. Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent. Pancratium triflorumRoxb. Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Acutecolic SeeColic,acuteAgalactia Seealso Galactagogue,Milkyield,

increaseinAgalactia Curcuma longaL. Euphorbia geniculataOrteg. Sesamum orientaleL. Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)Miersex

Hook.f.&Thoms.Alopecia Seealso HairlossAlopecia Cocos nucifera L.Anoestrus Arachis hypogea L. Bridelia retusa(L.)Spreng. Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb. Dolichos biflorusL. Pueraria tuberosa DC. Solanum melongena L. Strychnos potatorum L.f. Anorexia Allium sativum L. Alpinia galanga (L.)Swartz Brassica juncea (L.)Czern.&Coss. Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Curcuma longaL. Cyathocline purpurea(Buch.-Ham.

exD.Don)O.Ktze. Ensete superbum (Roxb.)Chees. Ferula asafoetidaL. Gardenia turgidaRoxb. Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br.

Anorexia Leucas stelligera Wall. Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov. Piper nigrumL. Saccharum officinarumL. Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm. Sesamum orientaleL. Zingiber officinalisRosc.Anthrax Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br. Curcuma longaL. Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch. Piper nigrumL.Anti-toxic See also PoisoningAnti-toxic Syzigium cumini (L.)Skeels Arthritis See also RheumatismArthritis Cassia tora L. Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.)

O.Ktze. Cuminum cyminum L. Diospyros montana Roxb. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)Robins Piper nigrum L. Plumbago zeylanica L. Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre Solanum anguiviLam. Tridax procumbens L. Vitex negundo L. Asthma Typha angustifolia L.

B

BacillarywhitediarrhoeaSee Diarrhoea,bacillarywhite(poultry) (poultry)Backache Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Capparis zeylanicaL. Eucalyptus species Ventilago calyculata Tul.Bites,cobra Colebrookea oppositifoliaSm.Bites,dog Piper betel L. Psidium guajava L.Bites,fly Ailanthus excels. Roxb.Bites,scorpion Achyranthes asperaL. Arachis hypogea L. Crotolaria retusa L. Cyperus iriaL. Securinega virosa Pax&Hoffm.Bites,snake Abrus precatorius L. Achyranthes asperaL.

Veterinary Use Botanical NameVeterinary Use Botanical Name


Bites,snake Acorus calamus L. Anacardium occidentale L. Arachis hypogea L. Aristolochia indica L. Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Bites,snake Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd. Brassica juncea (L.)Czern.&Coss. Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Capsicum annuum L. Cissus pallida (Wight&Arn.) Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels. Colebrookea oppositifoliaSm. Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.)C.B.Cl. Cyperus iria L. Cyperus rotundusL. Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall.exG.Don Leucas stelligera Wall. Momordica dioica Roxb. exWilld. Musa paradisiaca L. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Plumeria rubra L. Sapindus laurifolius Vahl. Tephrosia purpurea (L.)Pers. Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.)Roxb. Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. Wrightia tinctoria Br.Bites,spider Atalantia racemosa WightBites,viper Croton roxburghii Balakr.Blackquarter Acacia leucophloeaWilld. Acacia nilotica (L.).Del. Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Allium cepa L. Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNees Areca catechu L. Argemone mexicana L. Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd. Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC. Bombax ceiba L. Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Caesalpinia bonduc (L.)Roxb. Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC. Capparis sepiariaL. Capparis zeylanicaL.

Blackquarter Capsicum annuum L. Careya arborea Roxb. Curcuma longaL. Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers. Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb. Datura metel(L.) Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. Dolichandrone falcata (Wall.exDC.)

Seem. Ficus hispidaL.f. Gloriosa superba L. Gmelina arboreaRoxb. Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br. Myristica fragrans Houtt. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Piper nigrum L. Psidium guajava L. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Ricinus communis L. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Smilax zeylanica L. Sorghum vulgare Pers. Strychnos potatorum L.f. Tamarindus indica L. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) MiersexHook.f.&Thoms. Ventilago calyculata Tul. Vitex negundo L. Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.)Stapf Woodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.Bleeding See HaemorrhageBlistersinmouth Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Oryza sativa L. Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br.Bloat Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Agave americana L. Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang Allium sativum L. Alpinia galanga (L.)Swartz Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br. Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. Arachis hypogea L. Areca catechu L. Aristolochia indica L. Atalantia racemosa Wight



Bloat Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn. Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud. Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub. Callicarpa tomentosa(L.)Murr. Capparis sepiariaL. Capparis zeylanica L. Capsicum annuum L. Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br. Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Cassia fistula L. Cassia occidentalisL. Cissus quadrangularisL. Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr. Clerodendrum serratum(L.)Moon Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels. Cocos nucifera L. Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.)C.B.Cl. Coriandrum sativumL. Cuminum cyminum L. Curcuma longaL. Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb. Dioscorea belophylla (Prain)Haines Dolichandrone falcata (Wall.exDC.)

Seem. Emblica officinalisGaertn. Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal Eucalyptus species Ferula asafoetidaL. Foeniculum vulgareMill. Gloriosa superba L. Gmelina arboreaRoxb. Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br. Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don Jatropha curcas L. Jatropha gossypifolia L. Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr. Leucas stelligera Wall. Linum usitatissimum L. Mangifera indica L. Meyna laxiflora Robyns Moringa oleifera Lam. Oroxylum indicum (L.)Vent. Papaver somnifera L.

Bloat Pavetta crassicaulis Bremenk. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Piper nigrum L. Plumeria rubra L. Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.) O.Ktze. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Saccharum officinarum L. Sapindus emarginatus Vahl. Sesamum orientale L. Solanum anguivi Lam. Solanum melongena L. Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.)A.Juss. Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerry Syzigium cumini (L.)Skeels Tamarindus indica L. Tephrosia purpurea (L.)Pers. Terminalia chebula Retz. Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)Merrill Vitex negundo L. Vitex trifolia L. Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.)Stapf Woodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz Ximenia americana L. Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.)DC. Zingiber officinalis Rosc. Zingiber roseum Roxb.(Rosc.)Bloodpressure Agave species Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl.Bloodydiarrhoea SeeDiarrhoea,bloodyBloodyurine SeeHaematuriaBoils SeealsoAbscessBoils Allium cepa L. Aristolochia indica L. Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br.Bringonheat Arachis hypogea L. Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

Swingle Ricinus communis L. Saccharum officinarum L. Thespesia populnea (L.)Solandex

Correa Vigna aconitifolia ( Jacq.)Marechal Bruises SeealsoCuts,Injuries,Wounds



Bruises Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Camellia sinensis L.(Kuntze) Cassia fistula L. Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.) Swingle Coccinia grandis (L.)Voigt Costus speciosus(KoenigexRetz.)

J.E.Smith Curcuma longaL. Pavonia zeylanica L. Piper nigrum L. Sesamum orientale L. Tamarindus indica L.Buffalopox Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Curcuma longaL.Buildingimmunity SeeImmunitystimulatorBurns Cassia auriculata L. Cocos nucifera L. Phoenix sylvestris (L.)Roxb. Ximenia americana L.

C

Chestcongestion SeealsoPneumonia Ipomoea mauritianaJacq. Vitex trifolia L.Cobrabites SeeBites,cobraCold SeealsoCough&coldCold Allium sativum L. Areca catechu L. Capsicum annuum L. Eucalyptus species Saccharum officinarum L. Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerryCold(poultry) Allium cepa L. Allium sativum L. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov.Colic Abrus precatorius L. Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd. Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Allium cepa L. Allium sativum L. Alpinia galanga (L.)Swartz Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.

Colic Atalantia racemosa Wight Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd. Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn. Brassica nigra (L.)Koch Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud. Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br. Capsicum annuum L. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Cassia fistula L. Cassia occidentalisL. Cleome viscosaL. Cocos nucifera L. Cuminum cyminum L. Curcuma longaL. Emblica officinalisGaertn. Gloriosa superba L. Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)Correa Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don Mangifera indica L. Musa paradisiaca L. Oroxylum indicum (L.)Vent. Oryza sativa L. Pancratium triflorum Roxb. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Piper nigrum L. Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii(Munro)

Naithani Randia spinosa Poir. Saccharum officinarum L. Sapindus laurifolius Vahl. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Sesamum orientale L. Smilax zeylanica L. Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerry Syzigium cumini (L.)Skeels Tamarindus indica L. Tephrosia purpurea (L.)Pers. Ventilago calyculata Tul. Withania somnifera (L.)Dunal Woodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz Zingiber roseum Roxb.(Rosc.)Colic,acute Abrus precatorius L. Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook. Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.



Colic,acute Allium sativum L. Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn. Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud. Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Cassia fistula L. Cassia occidentalisL. Cleome viscosaL. Cuminum cyminum L. Curcuma longaL. Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)Correa Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr. Mangifera indica L. Momordica dioica Roxb.exWilld. Musa paradisiaca L. Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent. Oryza sativaL. Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov. Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir. Piper nigrum L. Randia spinosa Poir. Saccharum officinarumL. Semecarpus anacardiumL.f. Sesamum orientaleL. Syzigium cumini(L.)Skeels Tamarindus indicaL. Tephrosia purpurea(L.)Pers. Ventilago calyculata Tul. Withania somnifera (L.)Dunal Woodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz Zingiber roseum Roxb.(Rosc.)Conjunctivitis Atalantia racemosa Wight Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub. Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Capsicum annuum L. Chloroxylon swieteniaDC. Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels. Curcuma longaL. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Euphorbia geniculataOrteg. Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br. Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.

Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall.exG.Don

Conjunctivitis Leucas stelligera Wall. Moringa oleifera Lam. Nicotiana tabacum L. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Phoenix sylvestris (L.)Roxb. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Pterocarpus santalinus L. Ricinus communis L. Saccharum officinarum L. Solanum melongena L. Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerry Wrightia tinctoria Br. Zingiber officinalis Rosc.Constipation Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br. Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal Ficus hispidaL.f. Helicteres isoraL. Melothria maderaspatana (L.)Roem. Sesamum orientale L. Solanum melongena L. Terminalia chebula Retz.Contagiousecthyma Annona squamosa L. Arachis hypogea L. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Capsicum annuum L. Cassia fistula L. Chloroxylon swieteniaDC. Cleistanthus collinus(Roxb.)Bth.ex

Hook.f. Cocos nucifera L. Curcuma amada Roxb. Curcuma longaL. Dolichos biflorusL. Emblica officinalisGaertn. Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br. Mangifera indica L. Oryza sativa L. Sorghum vulgare Pers. Strychnos nux-vomica L. Tamarindus indica L. Terminalia chebula Retz. Ximenia americana L.Convulsiveseizures SeealsoEpileticattackConvulsiveseizures Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr. Leucas stelligera Wall. Piper nigrum L.



Convulsiveseizures Saccharum officinarum L. Vitex negundo L. Cooling Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.Cornealopacity Allium cepa L. Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)Del. Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Solanum virginianum L. Wrightia tinctoria Br.Cornealulcer SeeKeratitisCough Allium sativum L. Arachis hypogea L. Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Colocasia esculenta (L.)Schott Cuminum cyminum L. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Justicia adathodaL. Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br. Meyna laxiflora Robyns Solanum virginianum L. Typha angustifolia L.Cough&cold Achyranthes asperaL. Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Allium cepa L. Allium sativum L. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNees Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)

Wall.exBedd. Boerhavia chinensis (L.)Heimerl. Capsicum annuum L. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Chloroxylon swieteniaDC. Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

Swingle Cleome viscosaL. Curcuma longaL. Dolichos biflorusL. Ferula asafoetidaL. Heliotropium indicum L. Momordica charantia L. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Piper nigrum L. Sesamum orientale L. Solanum melongena L. Tamarindus indica L.

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Vitex negundo L. Ximenia americana L. Zingiber officinalis Rosc.Cuts SeealsoBruises,Injuries,WoundsCuts Adelocaryum coelestinum (Lindl.)

Brand. Lantana camaraL. Tridax procumbens L. Typha angustifolia L.

D

Debility SeealsoStrengthDebility Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr. Allium sativum L. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Cleome viscosaL. Cocos nucifera L. Curcuma longaL. Dolichos lablab L. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Ficus hispidaL.f. Justicia adathodaL. Piper nigrum L. Pueraria tuberosa DC. Vigna mungo (L.)HepperDegnelladisease Euphorbia tirucalliL.Diarrhoea Abrus precatorius L. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Acacia catechu(L.f.)Willd. Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd. Acacia nilotica (L.). Del. Achras zapota L. Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook. Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr. Agave americana L. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Allium cepa L. Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNees Annona squamosa L. Anogeissus latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)

Wall.exBedd. Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. Arachis hypogea L.



Diarrhoea Areca catechu L. Aristolochia indica L. Atalantia racemosa Wight Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd. Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn. Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC. Bombax ceiba L. Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud. Buchanania lanzanSpreng. Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp. Callicarpa tomentosa(L.)Murr. Canavalia africanaDunn. Cannabis sativaL. Canthium coromandelicum (N.Burm.)

Alston Capparis sepiariaL. Capparis zeylanicaL. Careya arborea Roxb. Cassia auriculata L. Cassia fistula L. Cassia tora L. Chloroxylon swieteniaDC. Cissus quadrangularisL. Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

Swingle Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels. Cocos nucifera L. Cuminum cyminum L. Curcuma aromatica Salisb. Curcuma longaL. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb. Dalbergia sisooRoxb. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Diospyros montana Roxb. Dolichandrone falcata (Wall.exDC.)

Seem. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Erythrina variegata L. Euphorbia geniculataOrteg. Feronia elephantum Correa Ferula asafoetida L. Ficus hispidaL.f. Garcinia indica (DuPetit-Thou.)

Choisy

Diarrhoea Gardenia turgidaRoxb. Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)Correa Gmelina arboreaRoxb. Gossypium herbaceumL. Grewia hirsuta Vahl. Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl. Helicteres isoraL. Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem. Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don Ipomoea obscura (L.)Ker-Gawl. Jatropha curcas L. Jatropha gossypifolia L. Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wt. Lagerstroemia parvifloraRoxb. Lantana camaraL. Mangifera indica L. Momordica charantia L. Moringa oleifera Lam. Mucuna pruriens (L.)DC. Musa paradisiaca L. Nicotiana tabacum L. Oroxylum indicum (L.)Vent. Oryza sativa L. Panicum sumatrense RothexRoem.&

Schult. Paracalyx scariosus (Roxb.)Ali Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Piper longum L. Piper nigrum L. Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.) O.Ktze. Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre Psidium guajava L. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Pueraria tuberosa DC. Saccharum officinarum L. Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.)

Muell.-Arg. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Smilax zeylanica L. Solanum melongena L. Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.)A.Juss. Strychnos potatorum L.f. Syzigium cumini (L.)Skeels Tamarindus indica L.



Diarrhoea Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Terminalia chebula Retz. Terminalia crenulata Roth Tridax procumbens L. Vigna radiata (L.)R.Wilczek Vitex negundo L. Vitex trifolia L. Withania somnifera (L.)Dunal Woodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz Wrightia tinctoria Br. Ximenia americana L. Zizyphus xylopyra (Retz.) Willd.Diarrhoea,bacillary Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.white(poultry) Allium cepa L. Allium sativum L. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNees Arachis hypogea L. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Capsicum annuum L. Coriandrum sativumL. Curcuma longaL. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Eclipta prostrata(L.)L. Momordica charantia L. Moringa oleifera Lam. Murraya koenigii (L.)Spreng. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Panicum miliaceum L. Securinega virosa Pax&Hoffm. Tamarindus indica L. Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.)Roxb. Achras zapota L. Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr. Agave americana L. Allium cepa L. Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn. Cassia occidentalisL. Curcuma longaL. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Eucalyptus species Gardenia latifolia Aiton Helicteres isoraL. Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.

Diarrhoea Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) MacBrideDiarrhoea,bloody Mangifera indica L. Musa paradisiaca L. Oroxylum indicum (L.)Vent. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Ventilago calyculata Tul.Diarrhoea,infectious Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNees Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. Bridelia retusa(L.)Spreng. Cassia fistula L. Curcuma longaL. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Piper nigrum L.Difficultbirthing SeeDystokiaDigestivedisorders Alpinia galanga (L.)Swartz Gardenia turgidaRoxb.Disease,preventionof Gardenia turgidaRoxb.Dogbites SeeBites,dog Abutilon indicum (L.)Sweet Acacia catechu (L.f.)Willd. Asteracantha longifolia(L.)Nees Bombax ceiba L. Bridelia retusa(L.)Spreng. Cannabis sativaL. Careya arborea Roxb. Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl. Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

Swingle Curcuma longaL. Datura metel(L.) Ensete superbum (Roxb.)Chees. Ficus hispidaL.f. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl. Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br. Jatropha curcas L. Lagerstroemia parvifloraRoxb. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Piper nigrum L. Psidium guajava L. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Saccharum officinarum L. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Setaria italica (L.)Beauv. Smilax zeylanica L. Solanum melongena L. Terminalia chebula Retz.



Dogbites Terminalia crenulata RothDysentery(poultry) Murraya koenigii (L.)Spreng.Dystokia Allium sativum L. Arachis hypogea L. Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Bridelia retusa(L.)Spreng. Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L.)Taub. Gloriosa superba L. Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl. Linum usitatissimum L. Pueraria tuberosa DC. Ricinus communis L. Strychnos potatorum L.f. Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.

E

Earache Tridax procumbens L.Earinfection Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl. Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

SwingleEar,maggotsin Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl. Gardenia resiniferaRothEctoparasites SeealsoFleas,Lice,Mange,TicksEctoparasites Allium cepa L. Chloroxylon swieteniaDC. Nicotiana tabacum L. Saccharum officinarum L. Vitex negundo L. Vitex trifolia L.Ephemeralfever SeealsoFever Abrus precatorius L. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Allium cepa L. Allium sativum L. Atalantia racemosa Wight Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. Borassus flabelliferL. Capsicum annuum L. Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br. Cassia fistula L. Cassia occidentalisL. Cissus quadrangularisL. Citrullus colocynthis(L.)Schr. Cocos nucifera L.

Ephemeralfever Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Curcuma longaL. Dalbergia sisooRoxb. Dolichos biflorusL. Eucalyptus species Gmelina arboreaRoxb. Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don Leucas stelligera Wall. Leucas strictaBth. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)Robins Melothria maderaspatana (L.)Roem. Momordica charantia L. Musa paradisiaca L. Nicotiana tabacum L. Oryza sativa L.Ephemeralfever Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Piper nigrum L. Saccharum officinarum L. Sesamum orientale L. Smilax zeylanica L. Solanum melongena L. Streblus asper Lour. Tamarindus indica L. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) MiersexHook.f.&Thoms. Tribulus terrestris L. Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. Tridax procumbens L. Ventilago calyculata Tul. Vigna unguiculata subspecies cylindrica(L.)vanEseltine Zingiber officinalis Rosc.Epilepsy Anacardium occidentale L.Epilepticattack SeealsoConvulsiveseizuresEyeinfection SeeConjunctivitisEyeinjury Albizzia lebbek (L.)Willd. Aristolochia indica L. Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels. Curcuma longaL. Flacourtia indica(Burm.f.)Merr. Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br. Lobelia nicotianaefolia Rothex Roem.&Schult. Meyna laxiflora Robyns Nicotiana tabacum L.



Eyeinjury Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Pterocarpus santalinus L. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Zizyphus rugosa Lamk.Eyes,drooping Allium cepa L.

F

Failuretoconceive SeealsoRepeatbreedingFailuretoconceive Thespesia populnea (L.)Solandex

CorreaFatigue Ipomoea mauritianaJacq. Vigna mungo (L.)HepperFeeblecontractions Sapindus laurifolius Vahl. Fever SeealsoEphemeralfever Acacia sinuata (Lour.)Merr. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Allium sativum L. Atalantia racemosa Wight Cassia fistula L. Curcuma longaL. Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers. Dolichos biflorusL. Elephantopus scaberL. Emblica officinalisGaertn. Ensete superbum (Roxb.)Chees. Ferula asafoetidaL. Gmelina arboreaRoxb. Leucas stelligera Wall. Mangifera indica L. Musa paradisiaca L. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Oryza sativa L. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Piper nigrum L. Saccharum officinarum L. Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell.-Arg. Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.)A.Juss. Strychnos potatorum L.f. Syzigium cumini (L.)Skeels Tephrosia purpurea (L.)Pers. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.)Miersex

Hook.f.&Thoms. Vigna unguiculata subspecies cylindrica(L.)vanEseltine Vitex trifolia L.

Fever Zingiber officinalis Rosc.Fleas SeealsoEctoparasites,Lice,Mange,

Ticks Acorus calamus L. Boswellia serrata Roxb. Cassia tora L. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Euphorbia ligularia Roxb. Oryza sativa L. Pogostemon benghalensis(Burm.f.) O.Ktze.Fleas(poultry) Acorus calamus L. Ocimum gratissimum L. Vitex negundo L. Flybites SeeBites,flyFly infestation Cassia fistula L. Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Foot&mouthdisease Acacia nilotica(L.).Del. Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr. Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f. Anacardium occidentale L. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNees Annona squamosa L. Arachis hypogea L. Atalantia racemosa Wight Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Cocos nucifera L. Coriandrum sativumL. Curcuma longaL. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Erythrina variegata L. Lantana camaraL. Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb. Oryza sativa L. Pandanus odoratissimus L.f. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Sesamum orientale L. Tamarindus indica L. Tectona grandis L.f. Vigna unguiculata subspecies

cylindrica (L.)vanEseltine Vitex negundo L. Zizyphus rugosa Lamk.Foot&mouthdisease, Musa paradisiaca L.mouthulcers Trigonella foenum-graecum L.



Foot&mouthdisease, Musa paradisiaca L.mouthulcers,preventionof Trigonella foenum-graecum L.Footrot Acacia nilotica (L.).Del. Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr. Allium sativum L. Anacardium occidentale L. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNees Annona squamosa L. Arachis hypogea L. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Buchanania lanzanSpreng. Calophyllum inophyllum L. Cleistanthus collinus(Roxb.) Bth.exHook.f. Cocos nucifera L. Colocasia esculenta (L.)Schott Curcuma longaL. Emblica officinalisGaertn. Eucalyptus species Ficus bengalensisL. Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br. Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem. Heterophragma quadriloculare(Roxb.)

K.Schum. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don Jatropha curcas L. Jatropha gossypifolia L. Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br. Nicotiana tabacum L. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Saccharum officinarum L. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Sesamum orientale L. Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.)A.Juss. Strychnos nux-vomica L. Tamarindus indica L. Tectona grandis L.f. Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.)Roxb. Terminalia chebula Retz.Fowlpox Abrus precatorius L. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Boswellia serrata Roxb. Croton roxburghii Balakr. Curcuma longaL.

Fowlpox Piper nigrum L. Securinega virosa Pax&Hoffm. Tamarix ericoides Rottl.Fractures Acacia leucophloeaWilld. Achyranthes asperaL. Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook. Albizia amara (Roxb.)Boivin Albizia lebbeck(L.)Willd. Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd. Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC. Bombax ceiba L. Boswellia serrata Roxb. Brassica juncea (L.)Czern.&Coss. Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Buchanania lanzanSpreng. Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub. Canthium coromandelicum (N.Burm.)

Alston Careya arborea Roxb. Cissus pallida (Wight&Arn.) Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels. Cryptolepis buchananiRoem.&

Schult. Curculigo orchioidesGaertn. Curcuma longaL. Dendrophthoe falcata(L.f.)Etting Diospyros montana Roxb. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Ficus hispidaL.f. Ficus racemosaL. Gnidia glauca (Fresen.)Gilg.Fractures Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr. Leucas aspera (Willd.)Link Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)Robins Oryza sativa L. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Ricinus communis L. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Sesamum orientale L. Tamarindus indica L. Vigna mungo (L.)Hepper Viscum articulatum Burm.f.



G

Galactagogue SeealsoAgalactia,Milkyield, increaseinGalactagogue Arachis hypogea L. Momordica charantia L. Saccharum officinarum L. Sesamum orientale L. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.)Miersex

Hook.f.&Thoms.

H

Haematuria Abrus precatorius L. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk. Boerhavia chinensis (L.)Heimerl. Bombax ceiba L. Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub. Caryota urens L. Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

Swingle Cuminum cyminum L. Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Ficus hispidaL.f. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Gossypium herbaceumL. Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl. Helicteres isoraL.Haematuria Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don Linum usitatissimum L. Oryza sativa L. Paracalyx scariosus (Roxb.)Ali Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Piper nigrum L. Polyalthea longifolia (Sonn.)Thw. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Ricinus communis L. Saccharum officinarum L. Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell.-Arg. Setaria italica (L.)Beauv.

Haematuria Typha angustifolia L. Ventilago calyculata Tul. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz Ximenia americana L. Vigna mungo (L.)HepperHaemorrhage Seealsopost-partumhaemorrhageHaemorrhage Tectona grandis L.f.Haemorrhagic Achyranthes asperaL.septicaemia Agave species Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f. Arachis hypogea L. Argemone mexicana L. Aristolochia indica L. Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Callicarpa tomentosa(L.)Murr. Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Capparis sepiariaL. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Cissus pallida (Wight&Arn.) Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels. Curcuma longaL. Datura metel(L.) Eucalyptus species Ficus bengalensisL. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Gardenia turgidaRoxb. Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br. Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.)Excell. Oryza sativa L. Pancratium triflorum Roxb. Pandanus odoratissimus L.f. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Piper nigrum L. Saccharum officinarum L. Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.)A.Juss. Tagetes erecta L. Tamarindus indica L. Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.)Roxb. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.)Miersex

Hook.f.&Thoms. Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. Vitex trifolia L. Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.)Stapf Zingiber officinalis Rosc.Hairloss SeealsoAlopecia Arachis hypogea L. Areca catechu L.



Hairloss Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Curcuma amada Roxb. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Heatstroke Careya arborea Roxb. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Ocimum basilicum L.Hepatitis Ferula asafoetidaL.Hiccups Alpinia galanga (L.)Swartz Camellia sinensis L.(Kuntze) Psidium guajava L.Horncancer Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Ferula asafoetidaL. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Piper nigrum L. Saccharum officinarum L. Vitex trifolia L.Hornfracture Curcuma longaL. Euphorbia ligularia Roxb.

I

Immunity(poultry) Murraya koenigii (L.)Spreng.Immunitystimulator Launaea procumbens(Roxb.) Ram.Raj. Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell.-Arg.Impaction Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal Solanum melongena L. Indigestion Ferula asafoetida L.Indigestionduetoexcess Cassia tora L.milkconsumptionInfectiousdiarrhoea SeeDiarrhoea,infectiousInfestation SeeEctoparasitesInflammationofjoints SeeArthritisInjuries SeealsoBruises,Cuts,Wounds Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Camellia sinensis L.(Kuntze) Cassia fistula L. Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

Swingle Coccinia grandis (L.)Voigt Costus speciosus(KoenigexRetz.)

J.E.Smith Curcuma longaL. Pavonia zeylanica L. Piper nigrum L.

Injuries Sesamum orientale L. Tamarindus indica L. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.exDC.) Wt.&Arn.Intestinalworms SeeWorms,intestinal

K

Keratitis Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)Del. Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Moringa oleifera Lam. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Solanum virginianum L. Wrightia tinctoria Br.

L

Lice SeealsoEctoparasites,Fleas,Mange, ticks

Acorus calamus L. Annona squamosa L. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Chloroxylon swieteniaDC. Curcuma longaL. Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Nicotiana tabacum L.Lice(poultry) Heliotropium indicum L. Ocimum basilicum L. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Vitex negundo L. Limping Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov.Lumpsonbody Piper nigrum L.withitching

M

Maggotwounds SeeWounds,maggotMange Annona squamosa L. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.)

O.Ktze. Curcuma longaL. Feronia elephantum Correa



Mange SeealsoEctoparasites,Fleas,Lice, Ticks

Strychnos nux-vomica L. Strychnos potatorum L.f. Mastitis Achyranthes asperaL. Arachis hypogea L. Argemone mexicana L. Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Capparis sepiariaL. Capparis zeylanicaL. Coccinia grandis (L.)Voigt Curcuma longaL. Diospyros montana Roxb. Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br. Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)Merrill Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.)Stapf Zingiber officinalis Rosc.Milkyield,increasein SeealsoAgalactia,Galactagogue Asparagus racemosus Willd. Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp. Cuminum cyminum L. Gossypium herbaceumL. Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br. Oryza sativa L. Phoenix sylvestris (L.)Roxb. Sorghum vulgare Pers. Tephrosia purpurea (L.)Pers. Terminalia crenulata Roth Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Zea mays L.

N

Nervousdisorders Allium cepa L. Alpinia galanga (L.)Swartz Anacardium occidentale L. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNees Arachis hypogea L. Cassia fistula L.Nervousdisorders Leucas stelligera Wall. Myristica fragrans Houtt. Newcastledisease Allium sativum L. Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Brassica juncea (L.)Czern.&Coss. Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

Swingle

Newcastledisease Coriandrum sativumL. Curcuma longaL. Panicum miliaceum L. Piper nigrum L. Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.)Roxb.

O

Oedema Agave species Carissa congesta Wight Cuminum cyminum L. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Mangifera indica L. Piper nigrum L. Tectona grandis L.f.

P

Paralysis Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang Gardenia turgidaRoxb. Mussaenda glabrata (Hook.f.) Hutch.exGamble Myristica fragrans Houtt. Piper longum L. Piper nigrum L. Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.)DC.Parturition SeeFeeblecontraction,Dystokia,

Post-partumhaemorrhagePlacenta, Allium sativum L.expellingofretained Artocarpus heterophyllusLamk. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Bambusa arundinacea(Retz.)Willd. Borassus flabelliferL. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Cassia fistula L. Coccinia grandis (L.)Voigt Dolichos biflorusL. Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal Ficus exasperataVahl. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.DonPlacenta, Linum usitatissimum L.expellingofretained Mangifera indica L. Musa paradisiaca L.



Placenta, Oryza sativa L.expellingofretained Panicum miliaceum L. Pennisetum typhoideum L. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Piper nigrum L. Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii (Munro)

Naithani Ricinus communis L. Saccharum officinarum L. Sorghum vulgare Pers.Pneumonia SeealsoChestcongestion Acacia leucophloeaWilld. Agave americana L. Albizia amara (Roxb.)Boivin Allium sativum L. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNees Arachis hypogea L. Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Atalantia racemosa Wight Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp. Capsicum annuum L. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Cissus quadrangularisL. Cleome viscosaL. Coriandrum sativumL. Curcuma longaL. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Dolichos biflorusL. Echinops echinatusRoxb. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Emblica officinalisGaertn. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch. Hugonia mystax L. Oroxylum indicum (L.)Vent. Oryza sativa L. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Piper longum L. Piper nigrum L. Pueraria tuberosa DC. Saccharum officinarum L. Sesamum orientale L. Solanum melongena L. Pneumonia Strychnos nux-vomica L.

Pneumonia Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.etPerry Tamarindus indica L. Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.)Roxb. Terminalia chebula Retz. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.)Miersex

Hook.f.&Thoms. Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)Merrill Ventilago calyculata Tul. Vitex negundo L. Withania somnifera (L.)Dunal Zingiber officinalis Rosc.Poisoning Allium cepa L. Allium sativum L. Anacardium occidentale L. Areca catechu L. Aristolochia indica L. Camellia sinensis L.(Kuntze) Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl. Cocos nucifera L. Cuminum cyminum L. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Eucalyptus species Leucas stelligera Wall. Piper nigrum L. Psidium guajava L. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Pterocarpus santalinus L. Saccharum officinarum L. Syzigium aromaticum L.Merr.et Perry Vitex trifolia L. Zingiber officinalis Rosc.Poisoningbyhydro Annona squamosa L.cyanicacid Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Coriandrum sativumL. Plumeria rubra L. Tephrosia purpurea (L.)Pers.Poisoningbyhydro Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.cyanicacid,antidoteto Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)MerrillPoisoningbyingestion Cucurbita maxima DuchesneofFicus tjakela Psidium guajava L.Poisoningbyingestion Atalantia racemosa WightofsnailsPoisoningbyingestion Allium sativum L.ofStrychnos nux-vomica L.



Poisoningbyingestion Alpinia galanga (L.)SwartzofStrychnos Atalantia racemosa Wightnux-vomica L. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.)DC. Curcuma longaL. Meyna laxiflora Robyns Saccharum officinarum L. Smilax zeylanica L. Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.)DC.Post-partumfeed Oryza sativa L. Sorghum vulgare Pers.Post-partum SeealsoHaemorrhagehaemorrhage Acacia nilotica(L.).Del. Achras zapota L. Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Feronia elephantum Correa Oryza sativa L.Pox SeeBuffalopox,Fowlpox

R

Ranikhet SeeNewcastleDisease(poultry)Rejectionofcalf Brassica juncea (L.)Czern.&Coss. Mimosa pudica L. Sorghum vulgare Pers.Repeatbreeding SeealsoFailuretoconceiveRepeatbreeding Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.&Panz.)

Swingle Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass. Sesamum orientale L.Respiratorydisorders SeeChestcongestion,PneumoniaRetainedplacenta SeePlacenta,expellingofretainedRheumatism SeealsoArthritis Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Cocos nucifera L. Cuminum cyminum L. Diospyros montana Roxb. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)Robins Phoenix sylvestris (L.)Roxb. Piper nigrum L. Plumbago zeylanica L. Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.) O.Ktze. Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre Smilax zeylanica L. Solanum anguiviLam. Vitex negundo L. Vitex trifolia L.

Ringworm Cassia fistula L. Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

S

Salivation Areca catechu L. Atalantia racemosa Wight Oroxylum indicum (L.)Vent. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.Salivation Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.)StapfScorpionbites See Bites,scorpionSkinallergies Abrus precatorius L. Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang Albizia lebbeck(L.)Willd. Allium sativum L. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNees Annona squamosa L. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Brassica nigra (L.)Koch Cassia fistula L. Cocos nucifera L. Curcuma longaL. Piper nigrum L. Plumbago zeylanica L. Tamarindus indica L. Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)Merrill Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.)Stapf Zingiber officinalis Rosc.Skindiseases Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Piper nigrum L. Vitex trifolia L.Snakebites SeeBites,snake,Bites,viper SeeBites,spiderSpleen,enlarged Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud. Capsicum annuum L. Cissus quadrangularisL. Cleome viscosaL. Euphorbia tirucalliL. Justicia adathodaL. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Sprains Achyranthes asperaL. Annona squamosa L.



Sprains Aristolochia indica L. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Bombax ceiba L. Cassia auriculata L. Cassia tora L. Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.)

O.Ktze. Coccinia grandis (L.)Voigt Cochlospermum religiosum(L.)Alston Cocos nucifera L. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Embelia ribesBurm.f. Eucalyptus species Ferula asafoetida L. Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch. Piper nigrum L. Ricinus communis L. Securinega virosa Pax&Hoffm. Tamarindus indica L. Vitex negundo L. Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.)StapfStomachache Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Capsicum annuum L. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Ricinus communis L. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Stomachdisorders Dolichandrone falcata (Wall.exDC.)

Seem.Stomatitis Capsicum annuum L. Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.)R.Br. Carum carvi L. Coccinia grandis (L.)Voigt Coriandrum sativumL. Curcuma longaL. Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.)R.Br. Lobelia nicotianaefolia Rothex Roem.&Schult. Mangifera indica L. Momordica dioica Roxb.exWilld. Oryza sativa L. Smilax zeylanica L.Stools,blockageof Kalanchoe pinnata(Lamk.)Pers.Stools,bloody Vigna mungo (L.)HepperStrength SeealsoDebilityStrength Cannabis sativaL. Mucuna pruriens (L.)DC.Swelling Aloe vera (L.)Burm.f. Aristolochia indica L.

Swelling Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)Del. Curcuma longaL. Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)R.Br. Plumbago zeylanica L. Tamarindus indica L. Tectona grandis Lf. Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.)StapfSwellingonneck Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov.Swellingunderear Aristolochia indica L.Swelling,erratic Capparis sepiariaL.

T

Tailgangrene Arachis hypogea L. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Tailrot Canthium coromandelicum (N.Burm.)

Alston Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.Teeth,caries Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Ticks SeealsoEctoparasites,Fleas,Lice,

Mange Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Allium cepa L. Annona reticulata L. Argemone mexicana L. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl. Cocos nucifera L. Cucumis trigonusL. Curcuma longaL. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)Stapf Eucalyptus species Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch. Leucas stelligera Wall. Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBride Momordica charantia L. Nicotiana tabacum L. Ricinus communis L. Ticks(poultry) Sphaeranthus indicus L.Tonguecracks Lobelia nicotianaefolia Rothex Roem.&Schult.Toxaemia Foeniculum vulgare Mill.Toxicity SeePoisoningTraumatic Citrus limon (L.)Burm.f.reticulo-peritonitisTrypanosomiasis Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang



Trypanosomiasis Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Crotolaria albida HeyneexRoth Curcuma longaL. Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. Piper nigrum L. Pongamia pinnata (L.)PierreTumour Agave species

U

Urinarycalculi Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Cocos nucifera L. Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Urinaryinfection Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)RobinsUrine,blockageof Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub. Ensete superbum (Roxb.)Chees. Kalanchoe pinnata(Lamk.)Pers. Musa paradisiaca L. Piper nigrum L. Sapindus laurifolius Vahl. Urine,bloody See HaematuriaUrticaria Allium sativum L. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Foeniculum vulgare Mill.Uterineinfection Ficus bengalensisL. Sesamum orientaleL.Uterus,prolapsed Bombax ceiba L. Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth)Alst. Celosia argenteaL. Cissus quadrangularisL. Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels. Cordia dichotomaForst.f. Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Ficus hispidaL.f. Ficus racemosaL. Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl. Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBride Mimosa pudica L. Nerium indicum Mill. Piper nigrum L. Smilax zeylanica L. Sphaeranthus indicus L.

V

Vaginalbleeding Ferula asafoetida L.Viperbites SeeBites,Viper

W

Weakness SeeDebilityWhitebacillary SeeDiarrhoea,bacillarywhitediarrhoea(poultry) (poultry)Worms Allium cepa L. Allium sativum L. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Wall.exNees Arachis hypogea L. Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Baringtonia acutangula(L.)Gaertn. Capsicum annuum L. Carica papayaL. Carum copticum (L.)Hiern. Cassia tora L. Chloroxylon swieteniaDC. Curcuma longaL. Enicostema axillare (Lam.)Raynal Erythrina variegata L. Ferula asafoetida L. Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)Correa Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)

Wall.exG.Don Lepidagathis cristataWilld. Lepidagathis luteaDalz. Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Piper nigrum L. Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre Saccharum officinarum L. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.)A.Juss. Tamarindus indica L. Terminalia crenulata Roth Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Wormsincalves Embelia ribesBurm.f.Worms,intestinal Dolichos biflorusL. Entada pursaethaDC. Mangifera indica L. Mucuna pruriens (L.)DC.



Wounds SeealsoBruises,Cuts,Injuries Abrus precatorius L. Acanthospermum hispidumDC. Achyranthes asperaL. Anacardium occidentale L. Annona squamosa L. Arachis hypogea L. Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Aristolochia indica L. Atalantia racemosa Wight Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC. Calophyllum inophyllum L. Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Capparis sepiariaL. Cassia tora L. Chloroxylon swieteniaDC. Cissus pallida (Wight&Arn.) Coccinia grandis (L.)Voigt Cocos nucifera L. Colebrookea oppositifoliaSm. Cryptolepis buchanani Roem.&Schult. Curculigo orchioidesGaertn. Curcuma amada Roxb. Curcuma longaL. Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers. Emblica officinalisGaertn. Eucalyptus species Ficus bengalensisL. Grewia hirsuta Vahl. Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl. Justicia adathodaL. Lantana camaraL. Lawsonia inermisL. Leucas stelligera Wall. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)Robins Lobelia nicotianaefolia Rothex Roem.&Schult. Luffa acutangula(L.)Roxb. Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBride Ocimum gratissimum L. Oroxylum indicum (L.)Vent. Oryza sativa L. Pavonia zeylanica L. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Piper longum L.

Wounds Piper nigrum L. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Sesamum orientale L. Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.)A.Juss. Tamarindus indica L. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.exDC.) Wt.&Arn. Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.)Roxb. Terminalia chebula Retz. Tridax procumbens L. Typha angustifolia L. Vitex negundo L Ximenia americana L. Zizyphus oenoplia (L.)Mill. Zizyphus rugosa Lamk.Wounds,bleeding Camellia sinensis L.(Kuntze) Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl. Emblica officinalisGaertn. Gardenia resiniferaRothWounds,Dogbite Madhuca longifolia (Koen.)MacBride Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.Wounds,infected Ximenia americana L.Wounds,maggot Acanthospermum hispidumDC. Achyranthes asperaL. Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr. Annona squamosa L. Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Atalantia racemosa Wight Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Boerhavia diffusaL. Calophyllum inophyllum L. Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Careya arborea Roxb. Carissa congesta Wight Cassia tora L. Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl. Cissus pallida (Wight&Arn.) Clerodendron infortunatum auct.nonL. Curculigo orchioidesGaertn. Curcuma longaL. Datura metel(L.) Elephantopus scaberL. Erythrina variegata L. Eucalyptus species Ficus bengalensisL. Ficus hispidaL.f.



Wounds,maggot Gardenia resiniferaRoth Gloriosa superba L. Gnidia glauca (Fresen.)Gilg. Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wt. Lantana camaraL. Leucas stelligera Wall. Lobelia nicotianaefolia Rothex Roem.&Schult. Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.Wounds,maggot Meyna laxiflora Robyns Momordica charantia L. Nicotiana tabacum L. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Oroxylum indicum (L.)Vent. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Piper longum L. Plumeria rubra L. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Sesamum orientale L. Tagetes erecta L. Tamarindus indica L. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.exDC.) Wt.&Arn. Ximenia americana L. Zizyphus oenoplia (L.)Mill. Zizyphus rugosa Lamk.

Y

Yokegall Anacardium occidentale L. Arachis hypogea L. Brassica nigra(L.)Koch Calophyllum inophyllum L. Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br. Cocos nucifera L. Curcuma longaL. Datura metel(L.) Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn. Ficus religiosaL. Jatropha gossypifolia L. Lantana camaraL. Launaea procumbens(Roxb.) Ram.Raj. Leptadenia reticulata Wt.&Arn. Leucas stelligera Wall. Linum usitatissimum L. Mucuna pruriens (L.)DC. Oryza sativa L. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)Chiov. Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre Saccharum officinarum L. Tridax procumbens L. Triumfetta malabarica Koen.exRottb. Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.)Stapf



Fodder Index Fodder Index

A

Abutilon indicum (L.) SweetAcacia catechu(L.f.)Willd.Acacia farnesiana(L.)Willd.Acacia leucophloeaWilld.Acacia nilotica (L.). Del.Acacia sinuata (Lour.)Merr.Acanthospermum hispidumDC.Achras zapota L.Achyranthes asperaL.Adina cordifolia(Roxb.)Hook. Aegle marmelos (L.)Corr.Aerva lanata(L.)Juss.exSchultesAilanthus excelsa Roxb.Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang.Albizia amara (Roxb.)BoivinAlbizia lebbeck(L.)Willd.Albizia odoratissima(L.f.)Benth.Allium cepa L.Alloteropsis cimicina(L.)StapfAlstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br.Alternanthera sessilis(L.)R.Br.exDC.Alysicarpus longifolius (Rottl.exSpreng.)Wight&Arn.Amaranthus spinosus L.Anacardium occidentale L.Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)Wall.exNees latifolia(Roxb.exDC.)Wall.exBedd.Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.Apluda mutica L.Arachis hypogea L.Aristida adscensionis L.Arthraxon lancifolius(Trin.)Hochst.Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.Asparagus Racemosus Willd.Atalantia monophyllaCorr.Atalantia racemosa WightAzadirachta indica A.Juss.

B

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)Del.Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)Willd. Bauhinia racemosa Lamk.Biophytum sensitivum(L.)DC.Boerhavia chinensis (L.)Heimerl.

Boerhavia diffusaL.Bombax ceiba L.Borassus flabelliferL.Bothriochloa pertusa(L.)A.CamusBrassica juncea (L.)Czern.&Coss.Brassica nigra(L.)Koch.Bridelia retusa(L.)Spreng.Bryonopsis laciniosa(L.)Naud. Buchanania lanzanSpreng. Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.Butea superbaRoxb.

C

Caesalpinia bonduc (L.)Roxb.Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp.Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.Calotropis procera(Ait.)R.Br.Canavalia africanaDunn.Canavalia gladiata( Jacq.)DC.Canthium coromandelicum (N.Burm.)AlstonCapparis sepiariaL.Capparis zeylanicaL.Capsicum annuum L.Carica papayaL.Carvia callosa (Wall.)Bremek.Cassia fistula L.Cassia occidentalisL.Cassia tora L.Celastrus paniculatusWilld.Celosia argenteaL.Centella asiatica(L.)Urban.Chloris barbata SwartzCicer arietinum L.Cissus quadrangularisL.Cleistanthus collinus(Roxb.)Bth.exHook.f.Clitoria ternateaL.Coccinia grandis (L.)VoigtCocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels.Cochlospermum religiosum(L.)AlstonCocos nucifera L.Coix lacryma-jobiL.Combretum decandrumRoxb.Commelina benghalensisL.Corchorus capsularisL.Cordia dichotomaForst.f.Crotolaria albida HeyneexRoth.


Crotolaria junceaL.Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L.)Taub.Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)StapfCynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.Cyperus compressus L.Cyperus iriaL.Cyperus rotundusL.

D

Dactyloctenium aegyptium(L.)P.Beauv.Dalbergia latifoliaRoxb.Dalbergia sisooRoxb.Dicanthium annulatum(Forssk.)StapfDichrostachys cinerea(L.)Wight&Arn.Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.Dioscorea belophylla (Prain)HainesDioscorea bulbifera L.Dioscorea oppositifoliaL.Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb.Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Diospyros montana Roxb.Dolichos biflorusL.Dolichos lablab L.

E

Echinochloa colona (L.)LinkEleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.Emblica officinalisGaertn.Ensete superbum (Roxb.)Chees.Eragrostis pilosa(L.)P.Beauv.Erythrina variegata L.Erythroxylon monogynumRoxb.Eucalyptus speciesEuphorbia geniculataOrteg.Euphorbia hirtaL.

F

Feronia elephantum CorreaFicus bengalensisL.Ficus exasperataVahl.Ficus hispidaL.f.Ficus racemosaL.

Ficus religiosaL.Ficus tinctoria Forst.f.Flacourtia indica(Burm.f.)Merr.

G

Gardenia latifolia AitonGardenia turgidaRoxb.Garuga pinnata Roxb.Gmelina arboreaRoxb.Gmelina asiaticaL.Gossypium herbaceumL.Grewia hirsuta Vahl.Grewia serrulataDC.Grewia tiliaefoliaVahl.Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)Cass.

H

Helicteres isoraL.Hemidesmus indicus(L.)R.Br.Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)Roem.Heteropogon contortus (L.)P.Beauv.exR.&S.Hibiscus cannabinus L.Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL.Hibiscus sabdariffaL.Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.)Wall.exG.DonHoloptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch.Hordeum vulgareL.Hugonia mystax L.

I

Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.)R.Br.Indigofera glandulosaWendl.Ipomoea batatas (L.)Lam.Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb.Ischaemum tumidum StapfexBor

J

Jasminum malabaricumWt.



K

Kydia calycinaRoxb.

L

Lagerstroemia parvifloraRoxb.Lannea coromandelica(Houtt.)Merr.Launaea procumbens(Roxb.)Ram.Raj.Lens culinaris Medic.Lepidagathis cristataWilld.Lepidagathis luteaDalz.Leptadenia reticulata Wt.&Arn.Leucas aspera (Willd.)LinkLitsea glutinosa (Lour.)Robins.Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb.

M

Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) MacBrideMangifera indica L.Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.)Excell.Melia dubia Cav.Melothria heterophylla (Lour.)Cogn.Melothria maderaspatana (L.)Roem.Meyna laxiflora RobynsMimosa hamata Willd.Mimosa pudica L.Momordica charantia L. Momordica dioica Roxb. exWilld.Moringa oleifera Lam.Mucuna pruriens (L.)DC.Musa paradisiaca L.Mussaenda glabrata (Hook.f.) Hutch.exGamble

O

Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent.Oryza sativa L.

P

Panicum miliaceum L.Panicum repens L.


Panicum sumatrense Roth.exRoem.&Schult. Paracalyx scariosus (Roxb.)AliPaspalum scrobiculatum L. Pavetta crassicaulis Bremenk. Pennisetum typhoideum L.Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)Chiov.Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.Pisum arvense L.Pisum sativum L.Pithecelobium dulce Benth.Plumbago zeylanica L. Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.)O.Ktze.Pongamia pinnata (L.)PierreProsopis cineraria (L.)DrucePseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi (Munro)NaithaniPseudoxytenanthera stocksii(Munro)NaithaniPsidium guajava L.Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.Pueraria tuberosa DC.Randia spinosa Poir.

S

Saccharum officinarumL.Sapindus emarginatus Vahl.Schrebera swietenioides Roxb.Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.)Muell.-Arg.Securinega virosaPax&Hoffm.Sehima nervosum (Roth.)Stapf Sehima sulcatum (Hack.)A.Camus Semecarpus anacardiumL.f.Sesamum orientaleL.Setaria italica (L.)Beauv. Setaria pallidefusca (Schumach.)Stapf&C.E.Hubb.Sida acuta Burm.f. Smilax zeylanica L.Solanum melongena L. Solanum virginianum L. Sorghum halepense (L.)Pers. Sorghum vulgare Pers.Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.)A.Juss.Sphaeranthus indicus L.Streblus asper Lour.Syzigium cumini (L.)Skeels


T

Tamarindus indica L.Tectona grandis Lf. Tephrosia purpurea (L.)Pers.Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.exDC.)Wt.&Arn.Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.)Roxb.Terminalia chebula Retz.Terminalia crenulata RothThelepaepale ixiocephala (Bth.)Bremek.Themeda quadrivalvis (L.)O.Ktze.Thespesia lampas (Cav.)Alef.Thespesia populnea (L.)SolandexCorreaTinospora cordifolia(Willd.)MiersexHook.f.&Thoms.Tribulus terrestris L.Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.Tridax procumbens L.Trigonella foenum-graecum L.Triticum aestivum L. Triumfetta malabarica Koen.exRottb.Typha angustifolia L.

V

Ventilago calyculata Tul.Vigna aconitifolia ( Jacq.)Marechal Vigna angularis (Willd.)Ohwi&Ohashi


Vigna mungo (L.)HepperVigna radiata (L.)R.Wilczek Vigna trilobata VerdcourtVigna unguiculata subspecies cylindrica (L.)vanEseltine

W

Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.)StapfWithania somnifera (L.)DunalWrightia tinctoria Br.

X

Xantolis tomentosa (Roxb.)Rafin.Ximenia americana L.

Z

Zea mays L.Zingiber roseum Roxb.(Rosc.)Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.Zizyphus oenoplia (L.)Mill. Zizyphus xylopyra (Retz.)Willd.

Plants Used in Animal Care...Plants Used in Animal Care Dr Nitya S Ghotge and Dr Sagari R Ramdas...

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