Planting Systems for Row Crops Staggenborg

8/18/2019 Planting Systems for Row Crops Staggenborg

1/78

Planting Systems - An Agronomists View?Planting Systems - An Agronomists View?


2/78

Alternate Row SpacingsAlternate Row Spacings• Narrow row and alternate row configurations have been Narrow row and alternate row configurations have been

of studied as a means to improve yields by improvingof studied as a means to improve yields by improvinglight and water use efficiencieslight and water use efficiencies

• !arlen et al" #$%&'( reported ' to $)* yield increase!arlen et al" #$%&'( reported ' to $)* yield increasefrom narrow rows over +& in rowsfrom narrow rows over +& in rows

• Pas,iewic, #.)).( summari,ed a series of narrow rowPas,iewic, #.)).( summari,ed a series of narrow rowstudies throughout the corn belt and found/studies throughout the corn belt and found/

0 1ield response to narrow rows ranged from -$2 to1ield response to narrow rows ranged from -$2 to32* compared to +) in rows32* compared to +) in rows

• 4iddicombe and 5helen #.)).( reported4iddicombe and 5helen #.)).( reported

0 +) to .. in 6 .* yield increase+) to .. in 6 .* yield increase 0 +) to $' in 6 7* yield increase+) to $' in 6 7* yield increase


3/78

8ight 9nterception8ight 9nterception

• Pas,iewic, #.)).( 0 Pas,iewic, #.)).( 0 0 1ield responses were more liely to occur in N4 corn1ield responses were more liely to occur in N4 corn

belt compared to other regions of the corn belt belt compared to other regions of the corn belt

0 Attributed advantages to increased light interception inAttributed advantages to increased light interception inlight limiting environmentslight limiting environments

•Andrade et al #.)).( 0Andrade et al #.)).( 0 0 :learly illustrated that yield increases occur in narrow:learly illustrated that yield increases occur in narrow

rows in response increased light interceptionrows in response increased light interception


4/78

Narrow Row :orn Study Narrow Row :orn Study

• Years - $%%2" $%%3" $%%&

• Row spacings - $'" .) and +) inch

• Plant populations - .)-" .2-" +.-" and +2")))

plants;a

• Locations - Scandia #irrigated(" St elleville #dryland(


5/78

>elleville $%%2 - ryland>elleville $%%2 - ryland

8S#))'( 6 %7


6/78

7)

')

2)

3)

&)

%)

$2"))) .)"))) .7"))) .&"))) +."))) +2"))) 7)")))

Plant Population (plts/a)

G

r a i n Y i e l d ( b u / a )

15 20 30

>elleville $%%3 - ryland>elleville $%%3 - ryland

8S#))'( 6 %7


7/78

$))

$.)

$7)

$2)

$&)

.))

..)

$2"))) .)"))) .7"))) .&"))) +."))) +2"))) 7)")))

Plant Population (plts/a)

G

r a i n Y i e l d ( b u / a )

15 20 30

Scandia $%%2 = %3- 9rrigatedScandia $%%2 = %3- 9rrigated

8S#))'( 6 $..


8/78

Irrigated Irrigated Dryland Dryland

RowRow 1ield1ield iff iff @@ 1ield1ield iff iff @@

Spacing #in(Spacing #in( #bu;a(#bu;a( #bu;a(#bu;a( #bu;a(#bu;a( #bu;a(#bu;a(

$'$'$&&3$&&3 $+7$+7 $)&+$)&+ -'7-'7

.).)$&')$&') %3 %3 $)2)$)2) -33-33

+)+)$3'.$3'. ------ $$+&$$+& ------

Narrow Row :orn Summary #%2-%&( Narrow Row :orn Summary #%2-%&(Si irrigated site-years and three dryland site-yearsSi irrigated site-years and three dryland site-years

@ ifference compared to +)B rows


9/78

PlantPlant Irrigated Irrigated Dryland Dryland

PopulationPopulation 1ield1ield iff iff @@ 1ield1ield iff iff @@

#plt;a(#plt;a( #bu;a(#bu;a( #bu;a(#bu;a( #bu;a(#bu;a( #bu;a(#bu;a(

.)"))).)"))) $227$227 ------ $)+3$)+3 ------

.2"))).2"))) $&7)$&7) $32$32 $)3'$)3' +3 +3

+.")))+."))) $&%&$&%& .+7.+7 $$$&$$$& &) &)

+2")))+2"))) $%+3$%+3 .3+.3+ $$72$$72 $)%$)%

:orn Population Summary #%2-%&(:orn Population Summary #%2-%&(Si irrigated site-years and three dryland site-yearsSi irrigated site-years and three dryland site-years

@ ifference compared to .)"))) rows


10/78

Paired RowPaired Row

:orn:orn

• >elieved to have the same light interception>elieved to have the same light interception

characteristics of narrow row corn #C.. in(characteristics of narrow row corn #C.. in(

• :an be harvested with conventional corn head:an be harvested with conventional corn head


11/78

Paired Row :ornPaired Row :orn

- rills- rills

• Plant paired row corn with fluted feed or airPlant paired row corn with fluted feed or airseedersseeders

• Dope that sips in adEacent rows willDope that sips in adEacent rows willcompensate for each othercompensate for each other

• Seeding depth control and seed placement?Seeding depth control and seed placement?


12/78

Paired Row :orn - rillPaired Row :orn - rill

• Near FcPherson in $%%& Near FcPherson in $%%&

• 9rrigated - :enter Pivot9rrigated - :enter Pivot

• Planted with air seeder Planted with air seeder

• 1ield were adEusted for harvest loss1ield were adEusted for harvest loss


13/78

9rrigated :orn $%%&9rrigated :orn $%%&


14/78

Paired Row :orn StudyPaired Row :orn StudyAleander" !S .)))Aleander" !S .)))

•


15/78

:orn - Paired Row:orn - Paired Row

Aleander" !S .)))Aleander" !S .)))

Unit Yield

eed

!ept"

td# !e$#

in !ept"

#bu;a( #in( #in(

Planter $$' $33 )+)

%ir eeder $)7 $7' ).%

L!(0#05) $) )$2 ns


16/78

:orn - Paired Row:orn - Paired Row

Aleander" !S .)))Aleander" !S .)))

)

$)

.)

+)

7)

')

2)

3)

&)

%)

Fiss Guality of Heed Fultiple

& n d e ' (

)

Planter

%ir eeder


17/78

Faterials and FethodsFaterials and Fethods

• Si 8ocation-1ears/Si 8ocation-1ears/ 0 Fanhattan #dryland( .))$

0 Fanhattan #dryland( .)).

0 Powhattan #dryland( .)).

0 >elleville #dryland( .)).

0 Rossville #irrigated( .))$

0 5opea #irrigated( .)).

• 5hree planting patterns/5hree planting patterns/

0 +) in" .) in" and paired row

• Previous :ropPrevious :rop 0 Soybeans• All location-years

0 Icept Fanhattan .))$• :orn


18/78

Faterials and FethodsFaterials and Fethods

• 5wo plant populations/5wo plant populations/ 0 ryland/ .7"))) and .&"))) plants;a

0 9rrigated/ .2"))) and +)"))) plants;a

• Dybrids used/ Pioneer J+7!33K #.))$( = Pioneer J+'P$.KDybrids used/ Pioneer J+7!33K #.))$( = Pioneer J+'P$.K

• 1ield and yield components were measured1ield and yield components were measured 0 Lrain yield

0 Iars;Plant

0 Iars;a

0 !ernel weight


19/78

Paired Row :orn - Planter Paired Row :orn - Planter

• 5wo locations/5wo locations/

0 Fanhattan #dryland(

0 Rossville #irrigated(

• 5wo plant populations/5wo plant populations/

0 Fanhattan/ .7"))) and .&")))

0 Rossville/ .2"))) and +)")))

• 5hree planting patterns/5hree planting patterns/

0 +) in" .) in" and paired row


20/78

Analysis of Variance 0 .))$Analysis of Variance 0 .))$

Lrain 1ieldLrain 1ieldPlot 8ocationsPlot 8ocations

SourceSource RileyRiley ShawneeShawnee

Row :onfiguration #R:(Row :onfiguration #R:( ))%))% )&$)&$

Plant ensity #(Plant ensity #( )72)72 )$%)$%

R: M R: M )'%)'% )+3)+3

:V #*(:V #*( ..7..7 $$&$$&

Fean 1ield #bu;a(Fean 1ield #bu;a( 7$7$ $+7$+7


21/78

Analysis of Variance 0 .)).Analysis of Variance 0 .)).Lrain 1ieldLrain 1ield

Plot 8ocationsPlot 8ocations

SourceSource >rown>rown ShawneeShawnee RileyRiley RepublicRepublic

Row :onfiguration #R:(Row :onfiguration #R:( )$3)$3 )33)33 )&&)&& ))'))'

Plant ensity #(Plant ensity #( )77)77 )3&)3& ))%))% )37)37

R: M R: M ))%))% )&$)&$ )).)). )+.)+.

:V #*(:V #*( %7%7 ++.++. 2727 ++++++

Fean 1ield #bu;a(Fean 1ield #bu;a( 2323 %$%$ 7'7' $'$'


22/78

Republic .)).Republic .)).

RowRow

:onfiguration:onfigurationLrain 1ieldLrain 1ield

bu;a bu;a

+) in+) in .' a.' a

.) in.) in $. b$. b

PairedPaired $) b$) b

means followed by the same letter in themeans followed by the same letter in the

same column are not different atsame column are not different at OO 6))'6))'


23/78

Analysis of Variance 0 .))+Analysis of Variance 0 .))+Lrain 1ieldLrain 1ield


SourceSource >rown>rown ShawneeShawnee RileyRiley RepublicRepublic

Row :onfiguration #R:(Row :onfiguration #R:( )%&)%& )+))+) )%+)%+ )&%)&%

Plant ensity #(Plant ensity #( )'+)'+ ).&).& )&+)&+ )37)37

R: M R: M )'.)'. )'7)'7 )%&)%& )..)..

:V #*(:V #*( 3%3% &7&7 $7)$7) 7++7++

Fean 1ield #bu;a(Fean 1ield #bu;a( &+&+ $.+$.+ 7'7' '2'2


24/78

Analysis of Variance 0 .))7Analysis of Variance 0 .))7Lrain 1ieldLrain 1ield


SourceSource ShawneeShawnee RepublicRepublic

Row :onfiguration #R:(Row :onfiguration #R:( ))7))7 ))'))'

Plant ensity #(Plant ensity #( ))$))$ ).$).$

R: M R: M ).7).7 )&))&)

:V #*(:V #*( 7&7& $++$++

Fean 1ield #bu;a(Fean 1ield #bu;a( ..)..) .+$.+$


25/78

:orn - Paired Row - .))7:orn - Paired Row - .))7ShawneeShawnee


26/78

Paired Row :ornPaired Row :orn

• Narrow rows showed and advantage in high yielding Narrow rows showed and advantage in high yieldingenvironments in the late $%%)s Narrow rows reduced yieldsenvironments in the late $%%)s Narrow rows reduced yieldssignificantly when an etended period of early season watersignificantly when an etended period of early season waterstress was encounteredstress was encountered

•Istablishing consistent stands with and air seeder or fluted feedIstablishing consistent stands with and air seeder or fluted feedgrain drill in paired rows can be challenginggrain drill in paired rows can be challenging

• Paired rows may have canopy characteristics similar to .) or ..Paired rows may have canopy characteristics similar to .) or ..in rows" but the advantage of these row spacings were notin rows" but the advantage of these row spacings were notreali,ed in this studyreali,ed in this study

• 9f adeuate stands can be established in paired rows #non air9f adeuate stands can be established in paired rows #non airseeder or fluted feed systems( yields will liely be similar to +)seeder or fluted feed systems( yields will liely be similar to +)in rows planted with a planter under most dryland situations inin rows planted with a planter under most dryland situations in!ansas!ansas


27/78

Guestions?


28/78


29/78

Paired Row :ornPaired Row :orn.))$.))$

RowRow FanhattanFanhattan RossvilleRossville

SpacingSpacing 1ield1ield Iars;PlantIars;Plant 1ield1ield Iars;PlantIars;Plant

bu;a bu;a bu;a bu;a+) in+) in +27+27 )&)& $+3&$+3& $)$)

.) in.) in 7+77+7 $)$) $+.7$+.7 $)$)

PairedPaired +%%+%% )%)% $++$$++$ $)$)

8S8S#))'(#))'( NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

Plant population treatments did not significantly affect yieldsPlant population treatments did not significantly affect yields


30/78

:orn 1ield 8oss from Plant Spacing Variability:orn 1ield 8oss from Plant Spacing Variability

y 6 $+.& Q )+%'%

R . 6 )72

)

7

&

$.

$2

.)

) $ . + 7 ' 2 3 &

eed pacing (tandard !e$iation)

Y i e l d L o s s ( )

)&

+.

22

$)2

Vanderlip et al" $%&&


31/78

Planter SpeedPlanter Speed1ield1ield

')

3'

$))

$.'

$')

$3'

.))

+ 7 ' 2 3 & % $) $$ $.

peed (p")

Y i e l d ( b u / a )

Pow"attan *ope+a Pow"attan 00


32/78

Hinger Pic-p 5estHinger Pic-p 5est

• se a !in,e 5est Stand #Fodel +)))(se a !in,e 5est Stand #Fodel +)))(

• Ran two new meters at / 7) 0 $)) rpmRan two new meters at / 7) 0 $)) rpm

0 :onverted to mph at + seeding rates

• Fedium Round :orn SeedFedium Round :orn Seed

• Feter calculates Accuracy" Sips and FultiplesFeter calculates Accuracy" Sips and Fultiples


33/78


)

.

7

2

&

$)

$.

$7

$2

$&

.)

+) 7) ') 2) 3) &) %) $)) $$)

RP,

, u l t i p l e s

0

1

2

3

-

5

+ i p s

,ultiples +ips


34/78

Fanaging Plant SpacingFanaging Plant Spacing

• Select the correct hybrid for your conditionsSelect the correct hybrid for your conditions

• Plant it at the right time #late April-Iarly Fay(Plant it at the right time #late April-Iarly Fay(

• Plant the correct population 0 speed influencePlant the correct population 0 speed influence

• Faintain your planter and adEust it correctlyFaintain your planter and adEust it correctly


35/78


)

).

)7

)2

)&

$

$.

$7

$2

) . 7 2 & $) $.

,P.

+ i p s

.7))) .&))) +.)))


36/78


)

.

7

2

&

$)

$.

$7

$2

$&

.)

) . 7 2 & $) $.

,P.

, u l t i p l e s

.7)))

.&)))

+.)))


37/78


38/78

Planter Speed StudyPlanter Speed Study

• :orn Seeding Rates/:orn Seeding Rates/ .+"'.' = .3"++) seed;acre.+"'.' = .3"++) seed;acre

• Planter Speeds/Planter Speeds/ '" & and $$ mph'" & and $$ mph

• Hour row plotsHour row plots

• Feasured grain yield and plant spacingsFeasured grain yield and plant spacings


39/78

Planter Speed - :orn .)))Planter Speed - :orn .)))Fultiple 9ndeFultiple 9nde

)

.

7

2

&

$)

$.

$7

$2

7 2 & $) $.

peed (p")

, u l i t p l e & n d e '

23525 plts/a

2330 plts/a

8Ss

Pop 6 ns

Speed 6 ns

P S 6 ???


40/78

)

'

$)

$'

.)

.'

7 2 & $) $.

peed (p")

, i s s & n d e '

23525 plts/a2330 plts/a

%$erage

8Ss

Pop 6 ns

Speed 6 3.

P S 6 ns

Planter Speed - :orn .)))Planter Speed - :orn .)))Fiss 9ndeFiss 9nde

l d


41/78

2)

3)

&)

%)

$))

$$)

7 2 & $) $.

peed (p")

u a l i t o 2

3 e e d

23525 plts/a2330 plts/a%$erage

8Ss

Pop 6 ns

Speed 6 32

P S 6 ns

Planter Speed - :orn .)))Planter Speed - :orn .)))Guality of Heed 9ndeGuality of Heed 9nde

l S d :


42/78

$'

.)

.'

+)

7 2 & $) $.

peed (p")

P r e c i s i o n

23525 plts/a2330 plts/a%$erage

8Ss

Pop 6 ns

Speed 6 +%

P S 6 ns

Planter Speed - :orn .)))Planter Speed - :orn .))) Precision 9ndePrecision 9nde


43/78

:onclusions:onclusions

• Plant variability can result in $)* yield losses underPlant variability can result in $)* yield losses under

etreme conditionsetreme conditions

• Sips and doubles increase as planter speed increases"Sips and doubles increase as planter speed increases"

but sips reduce yields" but doubles increase yields if no but sips reduce yields" but doubles increase yields if no

barrenness occurs barrenness occurs

• Hinal plant population should be the first goal and thenHinal plant population should be the first goal and then

worry about plant spacing uniformityworry about plant spacing uniformity

• Hew improvements are liely to be gained when using aHew improvements are liely to be gained when using a

new or well maintained planter operated at 7 to 3 mphnew or well maintained planter operated at 7 to 3 mph


44/78

Iperimental esignIperimental esign

• Planter-Row SpacingPlanter-Row Spacing

0 rill 3'B" $'B and +)B #low pop only(

0 Planter $'B and +)B

• 5hree populations #$2)" $%) and .$)")))(5hree populations #$2)" $%) and .$)")))(

• Replicated three times #+% plots(Replicated three times #+% plots(• Planted +) foot strips about $))) feet longPlanted +) foot strips about $))) feet long

• Suared plots to about %)) feet long and harvested theSuared plots to about %)) feet long and harvested the

center .) feetcenter .) feet

• 1ield monitor and weigh wagon1ield monitor and weigh wagon


45/78

)

+

2

%

$.

$'

$&

$.) $7) $2) $&) .))

Plant !ensit (1000 plts/acre)

G r a i n Y i e l d ( b u / a c r e )

30 15

ns

Soybean .)))Soybean .)))

$)) $.) $7) $2)


30 15 #5

ns

Planter Planter rillrill


46/78

7)

')

2)

3)

&)

%)

$))

$.) $3) ..)


4 e r g e n c

e ( )

30 15

ns

Soybean .)))Soybean .)))

$.) $3) ..)


30 15 #5

Planter Planter rillrill


47/78

:onclusions:onclusions

• 4hen yields are etremely low" row4hen yields are etremely low" row

spacing and plant population have littlespacing and plant population have little

effect on soybean yieldseffect on soybean yields

• Soybeans planted with planter units hadSoybeans planted with planter units had

greater establishment rates #plants;seedgreater establishment rates #plants;seeddrop( than soybeans planted with a drilldrop( than soybeans planted with a drill


48/78

K STATE Research and Itension

““ Knowledge Knowledge Life” Life”

for for


49/78


50/78

Planter SpeedPlanter Speed5opea .))$5opea .))$

Imergence #*(Imergence #*(

SourceSource 7;.&7;.& 7;+)7;+) ';7';7

Speed #S(Speed #S( NS NS NS NS NS NS

Hirmer #H(Hirmer #H( NS NS @@@@ NS NS

S M HS M H NS NS NS NS NS NS

Ipressed as * of final stand as determined on 2;.)


51/78


SeedSeed

SpacingSpacing Std evStd ev

FultipleFultiple

9nde9ndeFissFiss

9nde9nde

#in(#in( #in(#in(

!eaton!eaton 3)3) ++'++' $$.$$. $.3$.3

None None 3.3. +2&+2& $)%$)% $7$$7$

8S8S#))'(#))'( NS NS )+$)+$ NS NS NS NS


52/78



7;.&7;.& 7;+)7;+) ';7';7

!eaton!eaton )+)+ +23+23 %+)%+)

None None )))) +%++%+ &%3&%3

8S8S#))'(#))'( NS NS NS NS +)+)



53/78

Planter SpeedPlanter SpeedPowhattan .))$Powhattan .))$

SourceSource

SeedSeed


FultipleFultiple

9nde9ndeFissFiss

9nde9nde

Speed #S(Speed #S( NS NS @@@@ @@@@ @@@@

Hirmer #H(Hirmer #H( NS NS @@@@ NS NS NS NS

S M HS M H NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS


54/78


y 6 -)$+2.. Q .$+ - 7$++3

y 6 $3.' - $))&+

y 6 $&' Q )7$23

0

2

-

6

10

12

1-

1

16

20

7 ' 2 3 & % $)

peed (p")

Std ev

Fultiple 9nde

Fiss 9nde


55/78



SourceSource 7;.&7;.& 7;+)7;+) ';7';7

Speed #S(Speed #S( NS NS NS NS NS NS

Hirmer #H(Hirmer #H( NS NS @@@@ NS NS

S M HS M H NS NS NS NS NS NS



56/78


SeedSeed


FultipleFultiple

9nde9ndeFissFiss

9nde9nde

#in(#in( #in(#in(

!eaton!eaton 3)3) ++'++' $$.$$. $.3$.3

None None 3.3. +2&+2& $)%$)% $7$$7$

8S8S#))'(#))'( NS NS )+$)+$ NS NS NS NS


57/78



7;.&7;.& 7;+)7;+) ';7';7

!eaton!eaton )+)+ +23+23 %+)%+)

None None )))) +%++%+ &%3&%3

8S8S#))'(#))'( NS NS NS NS +)+)



58/78

Speed and Planter Rate #$ rep(Speed and Planter Rate #$ rep(

' mph

$$ mph

& mph' mph

$$ mph

& mph . 3 "

+ + )

. 3 "

+ + )

. + "

' . '

. + "

' . '

>locing seeding rates made sub plots #speed( easier to implement>locing seeding rates made sub plots #speed( easier to implement

+&) ft+&) ft


59/78


• 1ield was measured using an Ag8eader PH+)))1ield was measured using an Ag8eader PH+)))

yield monitor to estimate weightyield monitor to estimate weight #distance

measured with a tape(

• Plant spacings of .) plants were measured forPlant spacings of .) plants were measured for

planter performance evaluation planter performance evaluation

Planter Speed :orn .)))Planter Speed :orn .)))


60/78

Planter Speed - :orn .)))Planter Speed - :orn .)))1ield1ield

2)

3)

&)

%)

$))

$$)

$.)

7 2 & $) $.

peed (p")

Y i e l d ( b

u / a )

237525

27330

8SsPop 6 ns

Speed 6 ns

P S 6 ??

Pl t S d St dPl t S d St d


61/78


.3"++).3"++)

.+"'.'.+"'.' R e p 1

.+"'.'.+"'.'

.3"++).3"++)

R e p

2

.3"++).3"++)

.+"'.'.+"'.'

R e p

3

Plant

pacing,e a

sure

)ent%rea

Planter Speed :orn .)))Planter Speed :orn .)))


62/78

Planter Speed - :orn .)))Planter Speed - :orn .)))Standard eviationStandard eviation

)

$

.

+7

'

23

7 2 & $) $.

peed (p")

, u l i t p l e

& n d e '

23525 plts/a

2330 plts/a

8Ss

Pop 6 ns

Speed 6 ns

P S 6 ns


63/78

Live the crop a head startLive the crop a head start

• Let a proper standLet a proper stand 0 >e sure planters

are properly

adEusted 0 >e sure planters

are properly

maintained

0 :onsider slowing

down ).

7

2

&

$)

$.

$7

$2

$&

.)

) ' $) $'

peed (p")

P e r c e n t a g e

,ultiple &nde'

,iss &nde'


64/78

9 :0#062'2 ; 0#3--2' ; 0#56


65/78

Leary :ounty $%%&Leary :ounty $%%&

• Planter Speeds/ +7" 7" '" 2" 3" and & mphPlanter Speeds/ +7" 7" '" 2" 3" and & mph

• 5arget Population/ .3"')) plants;acre5arget Population/ .3"')) plants;acre

• Feasured Plant Standard eviation with aFeasured Plant Standard eviation with a

mechanical tripping lever devicemechanical tripping lever device


66/78

Plant Populations and Standard eviationPlant Populations and Standard eviation

y 6 )$&2. Q .3.).

R . 6 )3.$2

y 6 -)$&%2 Q .7&)$

R . 6 )2+&+

))

)'

$)

$'

.).'

+)

+'

7)7'

) . 7 2 & $)

Planter peed (p")

t a n d a r d ! e

$ i a t i o n ( i n )

..)

..'

.+)

.+'

.7)

.7'

.')

.''

.2)

P o p u l a t i o n ( 1 0 0 0 p l t s / a )

Standard ev

Plant ensity


67/78

Vanderlip et al #$%&&(Vanderlip et al #$%&&(

• 8ess than .'* of the yield variability was8ess than .'* of the yield variability was

accounted for by within-row spacingaccounted for by within-row spacing

variabilityvariability

• 9n all tests" yield reduction due to variability9n all tests" yield reduction due to variability

in plant spacing was less than $ bu;A perin plant spacing was less than $ bu;A perinch standard deviation in plant spacinginch standard deviation in plant spacing


68/78

Plant SpacingPlant Spacing

• About +' bu;A yield reduction for eachAbout +' bu;A yield reduction for each

inch of standard deviation in plantinch of standard deviation in plant

spacing#!rall et al $%33(spacing#!rall et al $%33(

• 8ess than one inch of standard deviation in8ess than one inch of standard deviation in

plant spacing for reducing planter speed plant spacing for reducing planter speedfrom & mph to 7 mphfrom & mph to 7 mph


69/78

sage :ounty Plotssage :ounty Plots

• Standard eviationsStandard eviations

0 Faimum 6 27

0 Average 6 +% 0 Finimum 6 ..

• Imergence related variability" not planterImergence related variability" not planter

speedspeed

Si d bl ?Si d bl ?


70/78

Sips and oubles?Sips and oubles?

• oublesoubles - Plants in the double reduced grain wt;plant by $.*- Plants in the double reduced grain wt;plant by $.*

#range $) to $2*(#range $) to $2*(

- Dowever" no barrenness in the doubles increased- Dowever" no barrenness in the doubles increased

yield;acre by $7 to .2*yield;acre by $7 to .2*

• SipsSips

-- Plants net to a sip yielded from % to $'* higherPlants net to a sip yielded from % to $'* higher

than the controlsthan the controls- >ut the increase was not enough to compensate for- >ut the increase was not enough to compensate for

the missing plantsthe missing plants

Naf,iger" $%%2


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Sips and oubles?Sips and oubles?

• $)*$)* sipssips in a field at $&"))) plants;a willin a field at $&"))) plants;a willreducereduce yields by '* and &* at +)")))yields by '* and &* at +)")))

plants;a plants;a #increasing seeding rates will reduce the#increasing seeding rates will reduce thenumber of sips(number of sips(

• $)*$)* doublesdoubles in a field at $&"))) plants;ain a field at $&"))) plants;a

willwill increaseincrease yields &* and 7* at +)")))yields &* and 7* at +)")))

plants;acre plants;acre #reducing plate speed will reduce doubles(#reducing plate speed will reduce doubles(

Naf,iger" $%%2

rilled :ornrilled :orn


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)

$)

.)

+)7)

')

2)3)

&)

$)))) $'))) .)))) .')))

Plant Population (plts/acre)

00#2

0#-

0#5

0#61

1#2

1#-

1#5

1#6

2Lrain 1ield #bu;acre(

Avg Plant Spacing #in(

Plants;row ft

rilled :ornrilled :orn

!ansas Agricultural Iperiment Station Report - $&&&


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ouglas :ounty Soybean ProEectouglas :ounty Soybean ProEect

• &) acre field in southern ouglas county&) acre field in southern ouglas county

• 4ored with !-State in the past on other4ored with !-State in the past on other

proEects proEects• :urious about differences between split-row:urious about differences between split-row

planters and drills for soybeans planters and drills for soybeans


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Soil I: and 1ieldSoil I: and 1ield

.))) Soybean $%%% :orn


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Plot 1ield vs istancePlot 1ield vs istance

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Distance, feet

Y i e l d ,

b u / a c

Planter 15

Drill 7.5


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Soil I: PathSoil I: Path

i5 : i

http://d/Update2001.ppt


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5reatment :omparisons5reatment :omparisons

=ontrast (> $s Y)

4stablis"ent

()

Yield

(bu/a)>:Y >:Y

Planter $'T vs rill $'T .$7 @@ .$ @

Planter +)T vs rill +)T $2+ @@ $. ns

Planter vs rill $32 @@ $% @

rill 3' vs rill $' %$ @@ $% @

rill 3' vs Planter $' -$.7 @@ -). nsPlanter $' vs Planter +) -$+ ns -$7 ns

@@ indicates significance at the ))$ level

@ indicates significance at the ))' level


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Planting Systems for Row Crops Staggenborg

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