PLANT PROCESSES. ENERGY PROCESSING IN PLANTS Materials For Plant Processes To survive, plants need...
Transcript of PLANT PROCESSES. ENERGY PROCESSING IN PLANTS Materials For Plant Processes To survive, plants need...
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PLANT PROCESSES
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ENERGY PROCESSING IN PLANTS
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Materials For Plant Processes
• To survive, plants need food, water, and oxygen.
• Roots absorb water which travels inside xylem cells to all parts of a plant.
• Most plants make their own food (Glucose) which flows to all plant cells.
• Plants require oxygen and carbon dioxide to make food.
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that converts light energy into chemical energy (Glucose)
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS• Leaves are the major- food producing organs of plants.
• The cells that make up the top layer of a leaf are flat, irregularly shaped cells called epidermal cells.
• On the bottom of the epidermal layer of leaves are small openings called stomata.
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS• Mesophyll cells contain chloroplasts, the organelle where
photosynthesis occurs.
• Chemicals that can absorb and reflect light are called pigments.
• The pigment chlorophyll reflects green light, absorbs other colors of light, and uses this energy for photosynthesis.
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• During photosynthesis, water molecules are split apart releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.
• Sugars are made in the second step of photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis is important because it produces most of the oxygen in the atmosphere
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular Respiration – converts the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• Occurs in the mitochondria of Eukaryotic cells and requires oxygen
• Glucose broken down
• Large amounts of usable energy called ATP are produced
• Water and Carbon Dioxide is given off
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
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• Cellular respiration is important to plants because without it they could not grow, reproduce, or repair tissue
• Life on Earth depends on a balance of photosynthesis and cellular respiration
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Plant Responses
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Stimuli are any changes in the environment that cause an organism to react.
Plants respond to different environmental stimuli such as:
lighttouchgravity
A tropism is a response that results in plant growth toward or away from a stimulus.
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Phototropism Tendency of plants to grow toward a source of
light
• Leaves and stems tend to grow in the direction of light
• Roots grow away from light
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Thigmotropism A response of a plant to touch
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Gravitropism
Response of a plant to the force of gravity Stems grow away from gravity Roots grow toward gravity
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Photoperiodism Response to the number of hours of
darkness in its environment.
Long-day plants- flower when exposed to less than 10-12 hours of darkness
Short-day plants- require 12 or more hours of darkness for flowering to begin
Day-neutral plants- flower when they reach maturity and the environmental conditions are right.
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Hormone Substances that act as chemical
messengers. They are produced in one part of an
organism and affects another part of the same organism
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Auxin Hormone that caused increased plant
growth.
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Ethylene Plant hormone that stimulates fruits to
ripen
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Gibberellin
Hormone that increases the rate of cell division and cell elongation in stems and leaves and fruit.
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Cytokinin Plant hormone that increases the rate of cell
division in some plants and slow the aging process of flowers and fruits
Causes dormant seeds to sprout