Plant Divisions

Vascular seed plants

\

1.Seed plants vascular tissue

2.Plant grows from a seed

3.Seed – reproductive part of a plant that contains a plant embryo and stored food

4.Two groups of seed plants: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Seed plants with cones1. Gymnosperms – vascular plants that

produce seeds on the scales of female cones

a. Gymnosperm means “naked seed” – not protected by a fruit

b. No flowers

c. Needle like or scale like leaves

Four divisions of gymnosperms1. Conifers 2. Cycads

3. Gingkoes 4. Gnetophytes

Conifers:

1. Biggest division of gymnosperms

2. Evergreens – green all year

3. Importance: They are used to make…

– Paper

– Wood for building construction

– A waxy residue is used in soap, paint, varnish and some medicine

Life cycle of Gymnosperms:

1. Trees produce male and female conesa. Female cones have two ovules on scale (egg cells)

a. Male cones produce pollen grains (sperm cells)

b. Wind scatters pollen grains

2. Pollination – transfer of pollen from male structure to female structure

3. If ovules is fertilized, a seed is formed

4. Seeds grow into new trees

1. Angiosperms – Plants that produce seeds that are enclosed in fruit

a. Angiosperm – Greek meaning seed in a vessel

b. Seed develops in an ovary

2. All have flowers – reproductive structure of angiosperm

D. Seed plants with Flowers

Structure of Flowers

StamenAnther

FilamentPistil

Stigma

Style

Ovary

PetalSepal

Structures of Flowers

1. Petals – the colorful structures that you see when flowers open

2. Sepals – leaf like structures that protect the flower if it is still a bud

3. Stamens – the male reproductive partsa. Thin stalk with small knobs (anther) at the topb. Thin stalk is called a filament

4. Pistils – female reproductive partsa. Center of flower (ovary)b. Stigma – sticky tip of the pistilc. Style – slender tube connects the stigma to the

ovary at bottom of pistil

Life cycle of Angiosperms

1. Pollen falls on the stigmaa. Pollination occurs by wind, insects, or birds

2. Sperm fertilizes egg in ovary

3. Zygote develops in the embryo part of the seed

4. Ovary changes to a fruit – an ovary that enclose the seeds

Fruit = Ovaries

Angiosperms

1. Most common plants on Earth

2. Importance:a. Form the basis for the diets of most

animals

b. Produce medicines, rubber, oil, perfume, and pesticides.

Types of Angiosperms

1. Monocots – seeds with only one seed leaves

a. Grasses, corn, lilies and tulips

b. Three petals or multiples of three petals

c. Long, slender leaves with veins that run parallel

d. Vascular tissue scattered throughout stem

2. Dicots – seeds with two seed leaves

a. Roses, violets and dandelions

b. Oak and maple trees, beans and apples

c. Four or five petals on flowers (or multiples)

d. Leaves are wide with branched veins

e. Vascular tissue arranged in a circle

Seed leaf stem flower

Questions:1. How are gymnosperms and angiosperms

similar?2. List the parts of a typical flower.3. What are the three characteristics of many

gymnosperms? 4. What are the two types of angiosperms?

5. What are the two characteristics of angiosperms?

Seed plants, vascular plants

Stamen, pistil, petals, leaves

Cones, needle like or scale like leaves, seed plants

Monocots and dicots

Flowers and fruit, seed plants, vascular tissue