Plant Classes and Life Cycles Plant Science. Classification of Plants Four Major Groups...

Plant Classes and Life Cycles

Plant Science

Classification of Plants

Four Major Groups

1. gymnosperms

2. angiosperms

3. mosses

4. ferns

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Gymnosperms

• plants that produce seeds not protected by fruit

• means "naked seed" in Greek• examples:

– pines, firs, spruces– redwood– ginkgo


Angiosperms

• plants that flower and produce seeds protected by fruit or pods

• means "covered seed" or "enclosed seed" in Greek

• made up of two classes: – monocotyledons (a.k.a. "monocots")

– dicotyledons (a.k.a. "dicots")4www.OneLessThing.net

Characteristics of Moncots

• seeds have one cotyledon

• seedlings have one seed leaf

• vascular bundles are scattered

• leaves have parallel veins

• flower parts are in multiples of 3


Characteristics of Dicots

• seeds have two cotyledons

• seedlings have two seed leaves

• vascular bundles are arranged in a circle

• leaves have netted veins

• flower parts are in multiples of 4 or 5


Plant Taxonomy

• Scientific naming system used today is called binomial nomenclature

• developed by Linnaeus; names are in Latin and written in italics

• the first name is the genus

• the second name is the species

• species can be further subdivided into varieties


Life Cycles of Plants

Three Major Groups

1. annuals

2. biennials

3. perennials


Annuals

• plants that complete their life cycle in one year• examples:

– tomatoes– marigolds– pansies


Biennials

• plants that complete their life cycle in two growing seasons

• examples:– hollyhock– parsley


Perennials

• plants that produce for more than two years• divided into two classes:

– herbaceous– woody


Two Classes of Perennials

• herbaceous: plants that have soft stems that are killed by frost

• perennials: have stems and buds that can survive winter frost (trees for example)


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Plant Classes and Life Cycles Plant Science. Classification of Plants Four Major Groups...

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