PLANNING THEORY-I

A. COMPACT CITYB. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

C. RATIONALITY

PITER BISWASpiterbiswas11@gmail.c

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A. Compact CityA compact city is mainly a city which built &

developed in balance with natural environment. It is a city with clear boundaries with optimum

ratio between density and network of open public spaces defined by urban mixed-use

blocks.

Advantages-More of green areaReducing transportation costMainly high-rises, high densityEconomic development

Disadvantages-PollutionSocial implicationPrevention of disaster

Characteristics-The compact cities are high density urban settlement having following main characteristics-Central area revitizationHigh density developmentMixed-use developmentServices and facilities like hospitals, schools, leisure and parks

EUROPEAN COMPACT CITYCompact cities were created by the idea of sustainable urban planning in European countries in the late 1990s.

The concept of the European compact city is based on “sustainability”, a team which first used by the Club of Rome in 1972.

According to Rogers, characteristics of sustainable city can be seen in urban justice, urban beauty, creativity, ecology, easy to move and access, compact and polycentric and diversity.

EXAMPLE OF COMPACT CITY

DUBAI-high rise

DUBAI-costal development

B. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Political principle or practice, and may also recognised as a right.

Practice of stakeholder engagement and popular

participation. Seeks and facilitates the involvement of those potentially affected by or interested in a decision.

Public Policy

In some countries public participation has become a central principle of public policy making. In the UK it has been observed that all levels of  government have started to build citizen and stakeholder engagement into their policy-making processes. This may involve large scale consultations, focus group research, online discussion forums, or deliberative citizens' juries. There are many different public participation mechanisms, although these often share common features.

Public trustIn recent years loss of public trust in authorities and politicians has become a widespread concern in many democratic societies. Public participation is a regarded as one potential solution to the crisis in public trust and governance, particularly in the UK, Europe, and other democracies. The idea is that public should be involved more fully in the policy process in that authorities seek public views and participation, instead of treating the public as simply passive recipients of policy decisions.

Benefits of Public Participation

Improved quality of decisionMinimizing cost and delayConsensus buildingIncreased case of implementationAvoiding worst case of confrontation

C. RATIONALITY

Rationality is the habit of acting by reason, which means in accordance with the facts of reality. The only alternative is acting by whim, which because reality is absolute, will result in undesired consequences. This is because an action based on a belief in a particular cause-effect relationship will not occur if that relationship is invalid.

Rational AgencyThe practical reasoning system is an idealized hierarchical non-linear planning system which integrates planning, execution and monitoring. Actual, but more limited,examples are IPEM and SIPE. The planner generates plans to achieve the agent’sgoals, schedules the resulting actions for execution, and monitors the outcome oftheir execution by the procedural action system.

TYPES of RATIONALITY

INSTRUMENTAL RATIONALITYINCRIMENTAL RATIONALITYSUBSTANTIVE RATIONALITYBOUNDED RATIONALITYPRAGMATIC RATIONALTYFUNDAMENTALISTIC RATIONALTYSRATEGIC RATIONALTYETHICAL RATIONALITY

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