CBercKaIlononpuepeda, ohpafiuearce JeMrbuumurda 6u ce yzajau 6uorc u cmorca, jeeodefn uudycmpujan eparn y ceemy jouto d tnj p anuj ux queunn ar4uj a.Ilononpuapeda npedcmaena weopxparu, xao u namcpujuw xoju ceroputmc sa odeearce u Ja Mw,ozeuxdy cmpuj cxe np orc e o d e.

\ )rneprzo4y r.revely 10000. Ay 12000. y aanuoj nporulocrH,/.,/ 4ecHAa Ce Be ?IKa peBoAyquJa y,r,yacKoM paseojy. To je 6u,ro orxpr.rheAa xpaHa Molr(e 4a ce 4o6nje He caMocKyfLr,aFbeM AVB,+,|1X 6!/lman

I cBETcKA noJbonPrBPEAA

A flononpn-BpeAHasaiegHrqa yKnnn. Oeo jexoM6nHoeaxonorbonpHBpeAHogo6po rAe ceraje xexonuxoBpcra 6mnr.mxKynrypa u)t(1,lBOTl4}ba.

) Kapan$ranraxoju ce y3raiaiyy cTaKneHlqnMay Xonax4uju.[eefie jelr3y3erHonpoSnra6nnxaKynrypa, yerajace y cTaKneHlr-qhMa y 6nnsnnnnnjaqa y yp6a-H14M CpeAuHaMa.

uwv\apAuAo apa.Y seM/,aNra y pasnojy ne,tzrcu 6poj

"ry,yAn Je 3aIIoc eH y no,bo[pnBpe/I4pagn ocHoBnux norpe6a. Onu npor.r3-BoAe oHo,rHKo xpaHe Ko,tHKo jeIIOTpeOHO Aa Ce [pexpaHe rr,r4xoBenopoauqe, a Ma o rzu ocraje 3a npo-Aajy. y pasnzjenrzlr 3ewbaMa eehzHarro,borrprrBpe4Hux 4o6apa wuajyKOMeprIHJa,\Hrl KapaKTep.

JI'yau y 3eMrr,aMa y pasnojy, Kao rrrrocy llurr.,rejrz y rleHTpa^Hoj AQpraqu u196

Eynrruanr.r y ilycrarr,u Ka-raxapra, joruyBeK BOAe IOBaTIKL V CAIJ'yil.[,ArtK.LlHaqt.rH )Kr4Bora, cluqaH oHoMe rcoja jefrpeTxo4rro HacTaHKy [oJr,onpr4Bpe4e.

Hexe urvrajy je4nocranne o6yrzne rrac-TOpa He norbonpr4Bpe4e, Apyl-v ce6aee xy"r.rzeaqujorvl. Osaxea Bpcrarro,r,orrpHBpe4e no4pa3yMeBa KplreEerrryMcKr4x t4^v rpaBHaTHX oolacTrz 3aysrajarr,e Ky rype. Ka4a ce 3eM,ibr4rrrreucfrocTr{, Ilo,borrpr4Bpe4flIll\v ce ce eHa HOBO 3eMir,I'rIITe.

VTepabe roBega y Hrrepnir.Hoee epcre ce yBoge y 3eMrbe ypa3Boiy Aa6u ce npoh3BoAlbaMre'{H 1,rx HaM }rpH 1,r qa yHanpeA}rna.

Onrz npocrz o6"rzrlrz norborrpuBpe4enolpa3yMeBajy u noueparbe craHoB-HrrrrrrBa. Mnorz Qapuepu y 3eMJbaMa ypa3BoJy, KoJLr npoH3Bo4e 3a concTBeHeuorpe6e, Bo4e crarnrraH 2ntzBor HaMaioM 3eM,r,prruHoM noce4y. ,\auac ourz'yrrajajy H HeKe Ky^rype sa npo4ajy.lon je [o,borrprrBpe4a 3a colcrBeHenorpe6e ocHoBHa aelarHocr eehzHehyAr4 y rporrcKllM 3eM&aMa, rro,/bo-npuBpe4He rrlaHTa^irte uuajy ynratnusnavaj y r"relynapo4uoj rproenuu. OHenpegcrae"najy LrHTeH3rzBaH o6,r.rzxrcorvrepqr{a"rHe rrpor43Bozrre. Eauane,rcaQa z vaj cy rrrrrr4qaH npzMep Ky -Type, KoJa ce y3raJa Ha n^aHTa}ItaMa.

Hayvne Mero4eKor"repur-rjarrHa no/bonpr.'r epeaa y rcojojce Kopl,lcre Haf{He Mero4e je rrraenuoo^rrK rro,4,onpr4Bpe4e y pa3BL\eHnM3eMrbaMa. KornrepUr{a.lne Qaprue cy oHeHa KOJTZMa Ce npOrZ3BO4e )fir4Tapr4rIe14 Lr ytbapvr\e, noephe, qnehe u eohe,Kao rr Qapue MlerrHr4x npor43Bo4a,paHrreBz rr MerrroBlrre Qaprr.re. Onenpor43Bo4e .apruK e 3a npo4ajy urrMaJy BalKHo Mecro y eKoHoMnJr4 pa3-BI4JeHvx 3eMa.{,4.

Y uexuu 3eMrbaMa, Kao rxro cy Ayc-rpa,lnja, Kaua4a, /,aucra, Heuaqrca uCA{, rpyne Qapvrrz ce 4o6poeo,nHoyApy)r

A KooneparlrBHa ao6pa xa xojuua$apuepn paAe lr npou3BoAe, npBllnyr cy Hacrane y flancxoj. OaaKooneparlrBHa rpyna y AranninxMa HanpeAHy MexaHxsaqrjy.oA y4pYr

i CBETCKA nOJbOnPhBPEflA

BOAI]l{a AOrnruwupajy pasrzjeue 3eM,rbe.Ifrtrrra npLrnaAa 70oh ynosa 14 cKopo607o r4reoga y ceercmoj no,bonpHBpe-4a. Iaaeuu aprLlKltz y ceercnoj rpro-BrrHH cy xinrapuue. flpuazvHo ua,r.aKo hqHHa nHpHHqa je racrynneua ycBercKoJ TpfoBHHr4 lraxo je, uely ue-pea riJaMa, Ha lpyfoM MecTy no cBoMsHavajy. Pas,lor je urro najeehu npou3-eolauu nprpnHqa Ha cBery, Kzna aVla4uja, Hnrajy ee,rure nony,naqrlje. rece Hajeehu 4eo rltpHHr{a, rojrz npon3-seAY, KOpHCTH 3a }rcxpaHy cBe6pojnujer 4ovaher craHoBHr.urrrBa.

Kpor ncropujy, pareoj norbonpHBpe-4eje 6r.ro ycKo noBe3aH ca pacroM cBer-

A Ha oeoj gaprvrra y CAA-y rHceK-r1,rq14A ce pacnputaBa Ha jaroge.flnacrnqna $onnja noMaxe Aa ce3aApx(x Bnara 3eMrbt4utTa.cKe rronylarlzje. Kaa ro4 6w ce lecnoHanpelaK y no/rbonpl4BpelHvM TexHu-KaMa, Kao urro je HaBo4rr'aBarre, Hnp.,rrporr3Bo4lr,a xpaHe 6rz ce noeeha,r,a. ToJe 4oBo4n^o 40 nopacra norry,raquje.Ca ceoje crpaHe nopacr nony,naLlrzjeje1 9 8

cTBapao nprzTucaK Ha rroJbonpHBpe4Hyr4u4ycrpr4Jy Aa ocMlac;'r4 jour eQexrze-nuje navuHe nporr3Bo4rie xpaHe. Pae-Hore)r(a usuely npoLt3Bo4ne xpaHe Hnopacra nony,raqlrje je jeano 04 ueH-Tpa HHx nt,tralba ca xojnrraa ce qoBe-qaHcrBo cyorraBa y 21. eexy.

Ey4yhnocrCpe4nHov 1991.'ceercxa nony,raqrzjaje npoqemena ua 5400 Mlz'Ar4olna hy4u.11peua HeKHM rpoueHaMa Yje4rtre-Hux naqzja 4o 2075., a v'olr\Aa upanzje,6poj craHonHr.rKa Ha cBery loc-rh.r ahe 9200 vH,ru oua. C rona pacra je6pxa y 3eM/,aMa y paseojy, rye je neyx-palbeHocr eeh npzcyrHa, Hero y pa3-eu.jeuuu 3eMrbaMa vuje nony,raqujeuvajy ren4ea\rajy aa 6yly cra6rr,rue.

Aa 6u ce hlatrr o r-ra r

HeKoMepqt4ianHaH exonepquj annu nononpuep e duur4u,xoju yzajajy nnnonfuepedne xynmypecano da 6u sadoeomwu caoje ocnoanenompeh e, quw e enlrwu nponopquorwt nudeo cuponawrnw ) c6emy. Memode xojece xopucme ) osaKsoM rnunynononfuepede qecrno owmehyjy nfuFobMlro?o Mabe H,ezo oH,n, y nodepnoj,xo mepquj annoj non onpusp e du.

f Ternplt n\aBHe Bpcre HeKoi\{ep-\1 !HJa.\He no-rbonpHBpe4e c],II-OU H OB 14 CaKyrubarbe xpaHe,

HOMaICKa Hcrlarua, Har43MeHr4qHa Ky -l:,zrvaqlzja rr cralHlr o6,nuqz no,r,onpllB-pe4e. Ceanlr rvn o4clvKanaje4ny Qasyy paHoM pa3BoJy,r,y4cKor 4pyrurBa.

I4cnpua, rrpe HeKvx 12 000 ro4vrna,eehuHa my4u je lrtprBela o4 aoea, pz6o-AoBa 14 caKyrr,barra xpaHe. \ je cnaga- O y0l4Jarr'e {II'BIbII'X )KHBOTI4Iba 3OOrrbrrxoBor Meca v caKyrubarle 6u,nnexpaHe, y Kojy cnagajy 6o6uqe, nohe,AI4BJhe ?I\VTO vr KOpeEe.

Aos r,r caKyrrrbarte xpaHe je 6psonpecralo 4a6yae HarrvH )r{r-rBora HaKoHpaseoja no,borrprrBpe4e npe zsuely 10000 z 12 000 ro4ur:ea OrxpanajyhuKaKo 4a npHnHToMe 6ra-,srce A )+\uBorA-tue, Jby4r4 cy rrocTa rz no onpvBpeAHrz-uu. Y o6rracrr,rua ca o6n,rHr.jM H pe4oB-I{krM ilaAaBIdHaMa, OHLI Cy y3fAJaAr4yceee. Y cyBrr,tl M o6,tacrzua, raju,tn cy)KrrBorurbe. flawac cy AoBarrKa a caKyrr-"barrKa 4pyruTBa cKopo HecTa a, r4aKoJeTO Jorrr yBeK Harrr{H }Kt4BOTa HeKTZXMa Hx rpyna a6opu1runa y Aycrpa,ruju,Eyrurraaua y jyxHoj AQpraqH, nrzrueja yqeurpaa.uoj A

I HEKoMEPu[JAnHA noJbonPhBPEAA)Tunnqxa xyfia y Bexeqyenn cenpaBu nouofiy rpLuqaHe o6nore xaKocrypy og 6au6yca.

Vfleo UyHrfle xojy xopucreflnapoa. (1) IlponnaHaK ca xyfiomH cKnagluJrrnma. (2) Craea. (3)Japyra. (4) Crene. 9ernpnnopoAl,rue, roje Aene ryf,y,o6pafiyjy concieexa norba nopeAocneAy BaxHocrlr: qpBeHo,3ereHo, nraBo lr xyro. (5) npsonorbe pacKpHeHo, caAa 3apacno.(6) Cxopo 3apacno. (7) Manoo6pacno. (8) Ees KopoBa, MeuJaHrlyceBlr. (9) Hoeo sacaSeno. (10)Cxopo pacKpqeHo. (11) TexpacKpqeHo.

craHplruTe nrzure nraje 4oBo;nHo 3avctlauty u BoAy.

Llsyuupyhn HarrrrH,rcrrBoraMsore MarbHHcKe rpyne ruupoM cBerace cyovaeajy ca reruKorvr 6op6orra aaoncraHaK. Y yrpoxeHe rpyne cna4ajyHoMa,4cKrr crorrapu. To ce 4errrEurzvno4errraBa g6or rora ruTo MHore aaHaL\-rbe BJ\a,4e Bllrue Bo e Aa ce lJol,Ia/.vrHace^e y rpMoBr4Ma H HanycTe AyTa- aqKv HartrrH )KHBora, jep ce rarcoKoHrpolnruy u onopesyjy.Joru je4Ha [perrr,a HoMagr.rMa cy K t4-

Marcr(e npoMeHe, rcoje ce qecro no-eeeyjy ca eKolorxKnu Qartopuua xaoruTo cy npeTepaHa rrclarua n^vr yH|Irlt-TaBarbe rrryMa. Ayru q,nrllu nepno4u yCaxerry 7}-wxw 80-rzx upour,lor BeKa, yxorr,r6nnaqraj v ca yHn[rremeru 6ra,nana,cy rperBopr{^u y rycrL.trby semy xojace HeKa4a KoprrrcTn^a 3a Hcrramy.Mlraraonn rorvrahrnx )Kr4Borrrrba cy yrr4-ny,rrz. 36or rora je Be^LrKH 6poj iyape-ra ouo npucrrJbeH Aa ce Hace^vr y cvpo-MarrrHraM rIeTBpTr,rMa Ha ooo4HMa Be H-Krzx rpa4oBa.

Ilauguerrr.nra rcy"rrunagnj aJe4nou KaAa cy Jbydv orrpvr A Aao4pefene rpyne A,rB,tux 6nrnana, xojec^yxe Kao xpaHa, Mory Ja ce raje yBe rzKoM 6pojy, lroparrw cy Aa uponalyMecra Ha rcojrlua he ux ysrajarw. Y200

ao

fo

EL(J

flollryMrbeHrrM oo acTVMa cy r4cKpr{eHenaprrele. o6uquo na-/beFbeM, na jeneneo noMorao

.4a ce rlo naly6pu.A,rn narcon je4He rarrn ABe ce3oHe,frio4Hocr r aje lloqe^a aa ce cMa]byJe,a npr4Hocra 4a ona4ajy. Heonxo4,uo je6utto Aa ce HcKpqu 4pyra napqe av Aace raMo yzrajajy Ky^rype. Thj o6auxno,bonpzBpe4e ce lla3r4Ba Hav3MeHlrrr-Ha Ky TUBaUIIIJA vAId nOCerIv v 3Afla-

"tu'. lllyucxe 6u"rne cy y6pso floqltba-J\e 4a pacry Ha HafryrrrreHrrM fraprle^a-Ma, IIa Je Be,\UKH AeO I O4HOCTT4 T ay6pso nonpahen. Crora cy re naprleleycKopo Mor^e 4a ce H3HoBa KopHcTe.

Onaj o6lnrc HaHsMeHnrrHe Ky rraBa-

)Tyapesra nsCaxape cyHOMAACKHcroqapH Koil,lHanacaiyXltBoTtltbe Ha3eMrbl,r Koia HnjenoroAHa 3a3eMrbopaAlby.Onn xanyurajynorop KaAaHeMa AOBOTbHOrpaBe 3alrcnauy xocHyiy HoBr,r HaApyroM Mecry.

urlje vecro ce rou6ranyje ca oBoM,pt4oo^oBoM r{ caKyfr.TbarbeM H npeA-CTABr'a npeAa3HI,I rrepIzo4 llSuely OBaqKOT V CaKyrr,baqKor HaqrrHa)r(r.rBoTa H no/bofrpHBpe4e y cTa HIIMHaceoouHaMa.

HazeN{eHH.rFra ry,traearlzja ce uAaHac llailrvpoKo npnMerbyJe, Haporrr4-ro y o6,tacruMa rporrcKt4x ruyMa. Behz-Ha .Eydvt KOJH }KVBe Ha OBaJ HarII4HKoprrcre je4Hocranue py.rHe alarKe,Kao rrrro cy Brzle r.r MoruKe. TpanHareo6aacrra HAcy rrorozHe 3a Har.r3MeHVr{-Hy Ky^rr.Bar1njy. Thuo, r4e Oorartzxynyc (nererarlprja Koja rpyrrrl) Moxe 4ace HaKyrrn y ceHqu 4pneha, uo je

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I

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A hrgujanxa hs Bonneuje rasnKpoMnlrp Ea 6n Hcrr4cHyna Bnary.Hcyurrearue KpoMnxpa, 6nno Haeenrxoj xnagnofin nnaHaorpounoj epyfiuxn, orvroryfiyje 4ace Ay)Ke oqyBa.) Hapog y Manesrajra npaxrr,rxyjeKynrnBaq[jy'noceqr n 3anann'.llou.rynrtruene o6nacru ce cnaruyjyAa 6n ce Ao6rno 3eMrbl,lrrre 3acyBh n14p14Haq.

AoBo,rbHo frAolHo Aa 6u ce 6rlnnev;raja,re 6es ynorpe6e nlyra.

HarasuerrzqHa Ky TuBarluja, y nou6u-HaTIHJU Ca OBOM 17 CaKyn,barbeM,3axreBa BeAr4Ke o6,racru urvue nano 6r,rce 1434p,AaBau \4a z 6poj craHosHr.rxa.Axo ce 6poj craHotsHr4Ka ncineha,ToJeCT Ka4a Ce lOCe;\e Ce,ba\v be33eMrbe. u-rr va je vrpo; ' \eHa n o6pa-1n-BH\4 nuBptut,rHa\la r 'e He aaje 4(}Borr,H()BpeMeHa 4a ce onopaBe.

Y npauryuaua Jyx*re Auepnxe 4aHacce Kpr{e u o6palyjy Be uKe o6.racrr.rcBe 4oK frAoJHocT T a He Orra4He.3eu,na ce BarrlM Koprrc'ru 3a Hcnaruv,4OK Ce nOTrryHO He UCqpnU u He rrocTa-ue 6esnpe4na ga 6r.r,ro KaKae o6,\Hxo6paf ucarsa. Thj uHrcnlc ce o4erzja vpony oJ 20 ao 30 r'o4uHa.

Orrr.r, nojn cy caALlAu KaQy y jv;rHouBpasurry nano 6u ce 6pso o6orarn,tu,c)/ Kpr-IH^r4 LuvMe H ysrajanr,r naQv rreno- Hr{o ro4uHa, a 3arrzM ce ce-rr.r,nu. Ogv-

sulrajvtru r v rberoBv nlo4Hocr, oHa cycrBopu,rll roleru u japyre H orolulrlcra6,ra. MHor e uH4njaHt r ie rajeaHnrle.KOJ.e q/ HeKa4a i+iHBe e Kao HeKoMep-uIfaJ\HH rroJr'onpHBpe/.H|juu V oBriMrxyMaMa, cv r{3,vN4p^e.

flo"rronpnBpe4a y HaceJbr.rMallo,r,onpuepe4a

,v Hace./buMa, r{aK r{Fia4a 3a4oBorba Ba ,rH q He no r pe6e,

*fi Eug?* 5E MIt**''',to';7:#

A Enncxn l4crox ie 6nna o6flacr yKojoj ce nnyr npBr nyr noiaBho.Hajeaxxrju og cBr4x3eMrbopaAHYlqKl,lX anaTa, nnyr jeoMoryfi no suxcny 3eMrbopaAby.

3ax reBa eehH c reneH rexuo , ro ru ie .CranHo HacerteHr.i Qapr.repn vopajy aarpe6e cuojy seu,ty 04 KopoBa u 4a o4p-;xaeajv rrloarrocr rla,,qo4asajvhucrajcto. I3y6pr.reo H^n. nprrMrtr'yjyhuporarluJy Ky^rvpa - ToJecl cMeFbvJvnr.lKY TVpe Ha pa3 IZriHTHM rbHBaMacBaKe r ( ) r r .1He. Haeo4rsaear te je uecroHeo l rxo4Ho 4a 6u ce cnpevn lo no46a-ur4Barbe rlpr.rHoca v c^,yqaly cytue.

Mo;*ga uajeaixuuja pa3^HKa uevel,vHaH3MeHUqHe H CTa He Ky,\THBaUlrlece orle4a v ynorpe6u n,ryra.JeaaH 46or a Molie Ja ce ocraBu neo6paleH rz,tzJa My ce 4o3Bo^u 4a ce o4Mapa.

BehnHa louaa. Hapo4a \ ueHrpa Hq jt r4n tu ju . ( ) HeKo\4epuu ja , run no .bo-npHBpeaHuuvt . Onu r rpeopaea jy cecr jy3eMJbv v paHo npo,tehe, npe lo,tacnaMoHcyHcxrzx Kurrra. Vuu ce 3eMrbaHaIl ai'r{H, rpapuepz 3aca4e r+ir41'apr4qe,yrta,yv,vjyhu Kynypy3, rrpoco H Kuuec-na urehepna rpcna. A,tu ouu ocrae,rajvBelrrne o6,racru Heo6paleue. Heo6pa-lena ser,r,r'a ce KOpHcrH 3a 3uMcKeyceBe, y KoJe crra4aJy rraMyK, rrpoco,MaxyHapKe rr n[reHuua. loH4rz Kopucrecxopo.cBe ;(r4TapHue nao xpany. A,nzrrpo44ly Ma-Ae KoiuarrrHe rraMyKa HArrv./baHnx ceMeHKH 4a 6rz nyrra,ru o4eh1t

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I HEKoM EpqnJAnHA noJbon plr BeEAA

r{^H gpyre Qa6pzvre npou3Bole.Y unornlr rycro HacereHrzM 4eloBrr-

Ma rpoflcKe Aezje, nao ruro je Baura.a-Aerrr, BeJ\uKe paBHHqe cy npeKplrBeHeB aIKHHM nHpHHr{aHHU nO-,t lttr.ta,

_rcOja4ajy 4r,e )KerBe ro4r4rrrne. Onaj o6,rurcprHTeH3rrBHe noJr,onpvBpe4e je uoryh,saxaa,nyjyhh'rpvr r aBHa Qaxropa:6oraron r,ry noje je uao4Ho s6or a"ry-BLTJa HTZX HaC ara (peqHor Mytb'a vnecKa) ToKoM norr^aBa; Mpe)KaMa KaHa- a 3a HaBOAr[aBaI[,e V y[OTpeOI4crajcxor rHojraea.

I4ureHsHsHa Hercouepunja Ha no,6o-npanpe4aje lroryha uy Blzrnvv' o6.rac-TuMa, a,tu caMo y3 Be rzKv nanop. fa6u ce o6pafr4Ba o HarHyro r o, a Za He4ole 4o eposraje, Qaprrrepu rpa4e HV3paBHLrx, Tepacacrax napuela rcoje cecuyurajy rrvt3 rr?tl,r4ry. Y aentnarua yKOJLTMa HMa MHOIO CTaHOBHrrKa, KaOillro cy Kuna,Janan u@u-xunurtn, oeajoo HK Tepaca Je Heonxo4aH.

l,raeHu npou3Boa nexouepqzjarrnero,bolpuBpe4e je xpaHa, alv caMe)fiHTapurle cy orpaHurreHr,r o6azxncxpaHe. zg ror pa3iora, rraHorra Qap-rnreprz ur*,rajy rnraar,r 6poj XItBoTLrrba -roBe4a, cBrrlbe vr )rruBvtry. flonexaaraje r.r eohe v nonphe.

Eronoucrca BarrcHocrHexorvrepquja Ha rro,/bonpuBpe4a r.rMaMaJ\H eKOHOrr,rCrcn yrraqaj Ha cBercKoTplnrnrrrre. Xpana ce [pon3Bo4a 3aQapnepony nopo&rr1y r4.l.lz' sa oKa HocraHoBHnlrrreo, a nehzna Qapuepa zIr IzxoBllx nopo4Hr]a cy cupoMarrrHt4.

Behrz 4eo nocrra o6aerbajy x

TponcKa noJbonpnBpetra

Kada cy Eeporuaanu omxpwu da,nexeSeMlbe, tunilnu c) Mllo?e ez3ornu,rt%e6waxe. Hecmpruaueu da ucxopucme oeexoee npotneode, tanownu cy nocao xaju

* je dpacmuuuo uiJrteH,uo eKotrorrrK) ueKoHoMcKy pasfuornmcl I Mtroau,M,nononfuapedruUM 3oMJVr,Ma ) csern).

J rrorrerra 16. e. nopryra cKrz 14rurraHcKr4

-aBallfypucfr4, aKacHr4Je u opzTaHcKpr, xo^aHA-cnu, QpanqycKrr r4 HeMar{r(Lr, cy norrelv4a KoAoHr{3yJy Be r.rKe oo,^acrv y rpo-r.uva.Y Eepoulrje pacla rrorpalKrr'a 3anpOLI3BO4IrIMa LI3 TpO[CKt4x 14 CynTpOn-cnrax npajeea, ywsyuyjyht4 v AyKcy3HecTBapI{ norlyT SarrI4Ha v I{aflIlraKa.llocroja-ra je n norpalrrba 3a Mare-pvJa^nl4a KoJlr on Mor^r{ 4a ce Kopzcrey klHAycTpHJt4 frofryT naMyKa u ryMe.

1519. je mraHcKLt oceajav EpnanKopses npo6ao nrzhe, seano xocolntl(voxoaa4a) Ha 4Bopy Monresylure,Kpa6a Acrerca zg Merccuxa. Kopres jero uzhe goHeo y Eepony, r4eje y6psorrocra,ro ercrpeMHo nony,tapno. Kaxa-

A Tunh.{Ha nraHTax(a urehepnerpcKe y 3anaAHxM l,fuAnua.llnaxraxa je eeoma 3axreBHa ynomeAy Kanlrrana x paAa.

oBau pacTe Kao 4HB,be ApBo y rponcxojJyxnol Auepzqu, a l[uanqz cy ceKacHvJe ycy4rl^w 4a }{y^TvrBvlluy oBy1unrcy y rJe^oj IJeurpa"r.noj ra JpxHojAuepuqu u y jyroucrounoj Asuju.Kpajerrr 19. eera je rcaxao crvrao 403ana4ne AQpurce, roja 4aHac rrporr3Bo-4I,I OKO rrO OBt4Hy KO^.tlr{'IHe KaKaOa Haceery. haenz npozseola-ulz. lranaoa y3ana4Hoj A

I rPoncKA noJbonPhBPEAA

j aa xpana 3a palHvKe, a oco6"ire, onpe--9 Ma 14 cTpyqrbarlr4 cy ce yBo3r.r v r13{ 3eM/,e Ko oHpr3aropa.

Y sercau o6.racrnua je nrracunulrnoHaA n aHTa?KaMa npe^a3v^o Ha cTpa-He, MyITuHarIuoHa He KopnopaqvJeKOJe Cy qecTo yrrorrrbaBaie ,\oKa HeyrrpaBHzKe H pag:ur4rie. Hene nraura-)Ke cy nocTale B acHLlrrrTBo ce,/baKar

lAnre H 3 UBH a n orbo n p uBpefla yyMepeHof KrIuMuIllupette nenuKux epad oeaxao no cnedut4a undy cmpuj cxepeeonyuuje doeeno je do uaenoepaseoja nononpuepede y pezuoHlrMaca ymepeuowt KnuMoM. Mefiymuvt,A4'rro ?e danautte mo d epne rnexll,uKey nononpuepedu urmemiro denyjy noJtcusonlrl1 cpeduny.

J)enaoura cBera ca vMepeHoM. K t4-l- MoM Ha a3e ce Ha cpe4tboJ feo-

I rpaQcmoj lult4pulr-t4 aevely rpon-cnr4x pr x a4Hux rroa.apHax o6,Lacrz. Ymraua je r(AHMa yr aBHoM rroro4Ha 3anpon3Bo4rby xpaHe, na je no,ronpu-Bpe4a BeoMa pa3Br4jeHa.

Je4aH 04 y3poKa oBaKBof paseoja6zrraje noeehaHa norpe6a 3a xpaHoMs6or nopacra rpagcKor craHoBHrlurBa.Bpsz paseoj roJsonpprBpe4He Hayxerz rexHolorrzje ra eQzrcacHa rproBxHaor4^rz cy BeoMa Ba)KHrr paAu cHaode-Barba Be^r{Kr.rx yp6arrnx TplnHrrrTa.

Bpcre rroJborrpuBpe4eIlo-,ronpzape4a Mo)r(e 4a ce rc,racuQrl-KyJe y 4Be f aBHe fpyre frpeMa Ko^rl-I{IlI}Irr kr^u Bpe4HocTr.r noJbo[pvBpe4-Hr.rx npov3BoAaKoJvr ce npov3Bo4e rroje4norra xexTapy.

.

Behrzna noJ6orrpr4-Bpe4Hr4x 4ooapaJe Be rrKa r.r3BaH yp-6auvx o6,r.acru -

I THTEH3T4BHA noJbonpnBpE4A y yMEpEHoJ KnHMr44&

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4a v KoMorlHoBaHa rroJbofrpr4Bpe4a.Yerepru run je npu,raro[eu Me4are-paHcKoJ K plMlr.

Xoprurcy^rypa,\opTHKyITypa Je oo^rlK l,|HTeH3HBHenorbonpr,rBpe4He npoH3Bo4rbe nojao6yxeara ysrajarse 5nnana y pacaA-'JIdUIanMa I4 n aCTeHr4rIVrMa, KaO V HaorBopeHrrM norr,vMa. \ cnaga [oBp-TapcrBo, xoje o6yxnara ysrajame no-epha, rlneha u pa3Hux epcra eoha.K,tyvHu Qanrop y o4petlwsany Mecra3a y3rajaE e HaJKBapJbLlBrrJrrx [por13-eo4aje 4a lrujaga 6yAe 6twzy,jep ra-KO IIO^OnpuBpe4Hr{K rnTeAIlI BpeMe 11vMa Marie rporrrxoBe rpaucnopra. Ko-raepunja,lHa xopraKy^rypa je o6r,r v HoorpaHuqeHa Ha Marbe o6"tacrrl yHyrapperrroHa xoja ce yr aBHoM Kopr.rcre 3axoM6aHoeaHy norbonpuBpeay rz ycrojcToKe pa4v npou3Bo4rbe M]\er{Hvx npo-useo.4a.Je4uHe Be,tuKe o6,tacru r4e cey3raJa xopTrlKy^Typa 3acTynJbeHe cyAyrt Ar aHTr4Ka, Ha o6a,raua 3a VBaHCTorrHe CAfl, rae je cpe4wlaa noro4-Ha vt tAe MHorH rpaAOB'u' npe4crae,t ajyeeh cnpeltro rp)nrrrure.

Kouepquja,r.Ha rrorborrplrBpeAa 3a-xreBa MHoro eehy pa4uy cHary u qec-TO MHOIO Bprrrre Kanr Ta,^'a Hefo KoA y3-rajar+,a 4pyfr4x yceBa. Mnoro rerrrKorpa4a ce y^alne y npouec calerra, ne-TOBAE,A V }KCTBC, A KANIITA HA UHBCC-ru4uja je BeoMa BrrcoKa r.a4ace yceBay3f aJaJy y n^acTeHr4rIv Ma.

flonprapcrBo[|oeprapcreo y CA{-y je y recHoj eeenca frpvMeHoM KaMrroHa 3a TpaHCnopTKBapJbH BHX rrpoH3Bola 4o Haj6rrr.r.rxerMecTa AcnopyKe Ha )Ke^e3Hrrqlr, o4ar{Aece rrpoLt3Bogn [peBo3e 4o rpa4a. Cro-ra ce oBa BpcTa xopTrlKy^Type qecToo4swja Aarbe oA rpa4cxrix rp)KHltqa.

I{la4a cy rroBoaHrr ycloBrl )Kt4Bor-He cpe4r4He y o6,tacrz yAaneuoj o4nzja4a, nporzseof avu ce KoHrIeHTpr4 -rny Ha Marbe rpou3Boga. Y @,.'opu4u,Hnp., rrporr3eol auz ysrajajy rlr4rpycHonohe, xoje ce npeBo3v Zo rp)Kr4rrrra yBeII{KI4M KoII4rr4HaMa. Ha oeaj Har{rrH,

206

OapMep A 1lononpn-o6aBrbaxerBy Bpe4ayKa-rpauKa yTacMa- nrQopHujn yH}|ir,r. OBaKBa Ben]rKoj MeprcqeHa ce BlrAr{ ce oc'latba HacByAa rAe ce ce3oHcKe paA-npaKrrKyjy Me- HlrKe, KaAa ieroAe [HreH3[BHe ce3oHa 6ep6enorbonp14BpeAe. ynorbnMa.

Mory 4a ce yfoBope KoHKypeHTHe rleHeca KoMnaHHJaMa rrpeBo3HkrKa, a rporx-KoBH TpaHcnopra ce cvaruyjy.

floc,te4rrzx ro4:,z'r,a, xoprrrKylTypace zocra MexaHr{3oBala. fpejame, eeH-ru"taquja r.r 4oBoa Bo4e y craK,reHIzr1Lr-Ma MOIKe ayToMaTcKr4 za ce KoHTpo H-trre. aoK ce ce3oHa HeKHx yceBa, r

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A Kom6unoBaHa +aPMa norbonpu-BpeAHe h croqapcKe AerarHocrl4Ha 200 xeKrapa y EHrnecKoi (roPe).Kyfia je oKpyxeHa noBprrbaKoM. nBacnnoca 3a croqHy xpaHy cy nopeAurane 3a KpaBe. Eane ie'rueHe cna-Me ce roBape y aM6ap (rope 4ecxo)nopeA 6apaxe 3a Maut4He. Xnrapruer KpoMnnp ce ognilKy y au6aPY(gone gecxo). flo.{erax aarycra je: ie'qaM ce )Kabe xou6ajnou )KerenuqoMy norby nopeA ABopt4ura SaPue.Befira Aeo 3eMtbe je nanaeruex ucna'un Kao urro je npuKa3aHo Ha nnaHy:(1) geophurre ra SapuePcra rYfia;(2) xonu6a 3a pa,qHhKe;(3) ac$anru-paHu nyr; (4) crasa xpos QaPmY;(5) norox ca pe3epBoapoM;(6) utyua;(7) jevuexo norbe;(8) nuesnqa;(9) xponnnup;(10) ncnaua 3a KPaBe;(11) norue r4e je nprMelbeHa Pora-qrja xynrypa, npuKa3aHa rope fleBo.{ Myxa ce ogeuja roKoM Llenero4rHe, rerberbe KpaBa y jecex 4o-HOCU MaKCnManaH np14Hoc MfleKaToKoM 3nMe KaAa cy uene eehe.Yceeh ce y6upaiy y KacHo nero.

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) Y poraquju xyn-rypa pa3nr4qhrnyceBr ce y3ralajyna jegnou KoMaAy3eMrbHUTa raro 6uce cnpequno ucno-urhagarue rna.

qeTBpra roAsHa:Tpffia

trPBa rol4uEa:Jeqil

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Apyra rogqsa;TpaBa

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207

I uHTEH3I4BHA norbonpr4BpEEA y yMEpEHoJ Knr4Mr4

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oro Cpe4o3eMHor Mopa n o6aacrprr1eHrpalHe u jyxue Ka,ruQourEje, qen-rpa^Hor- Yrzaea, jyrosaua4a Jyxne AQ-pune, jyroea na4a 3ata4ue Aycrpa,,rr{ea jyxulrx 4eloea Jyxue Aycrpa,ruje.

Tpa4uqzona^He errr,e Ky Type oKo

Cpe4oeeuuor Mopa - cMoKBe, rpoxle,Mac^rzHe r,r etuHHrIu - Mofy Aa no4-Hecy ayre errbe cyrue. XurapHrre Lrnoephe crn4ajy y 3rrMcKe Ky^rype.llpuHoc xlrrapuqa je H rean, jep HenaAOBOrt,HO B^afe, a,\U UOephe OnCraje naHaBOArr,aBaHOM 3eM,E r{ruTy y AOAL'LHA-N4a. I4nrensHBHa noJbon prz epe4a je ne-onxo4na, j ep je neitrznu 4eo 3eM./blrruray 6aceHy Cpe4oaer,aHor Mopa KprueBrarutlt4 cyB za o6pa4y.

Jperao*r y rrorborprrBpe4rrLIHTeH3I.{BHa no,bonphBpe4a y npe-Ae,\VMa yMepeHe K UMe ZOlKrrBJbaBaMHOre npoMeHe, a pI HeKu onrrrrLrTpeH4O.Bt4 Cy OqUr e4Hrz. Irrannrz uefyIburMa Je 4a rro6onpldBpe4a nocTaJeBe"l.LrKn 6rasHnc. flo,nonpnnpe4uanpor43Bo4n a ce noseha,ta ynorpe6onaBerxrar{Kor t1y6pwya, xep6nr1z4a, nec-Tuqz4a z no6o,ruramerrr 6uylnux Ky -Typa v Bpcra croKe. To uo4pasyueeaBe vKa y^ararba y 3rpa4e, MarrruHe rzxonanjyrepe, a. croKa ce cBe eaure rajrly 3tpa4al4a KoJe r4MaJy ayToMaTcKy KoH-rpo^y yHyrparulbe cpe4rrHe.

Apyrv rpeH4 je cnequjarnsaguja.9ax rz na rcolr6unoBaHl'tM Qapuava,Qapueprn s6or ercoHoMcKor npr'trr,rc-xa, uopajy 4a ce cnerlraja.,tnsyjy 3a cBeMaILe u Malbe [pOI43BOAa vAV Aa ceKoHrleHrpnrrry Ha o4pefene Qase yysrajamy croKe. E"\zsvHa npoueeola-r{a rprfir4urry nocraje Marr,e BaxHa, no-ce6no y xoprr'tKylryprz.Toje 3aro rurocy apaHlKMaHu y TpaHcropTy 14 MapKe-THHry rrocTa LI TOKOM |OAVLHA CBe HaII-pe4uwju,ca KaMrroHzMa x a4rbaqaMa vBa34yrx HHM npeBo3oM nojrzva je BpeMeucnopyKe fi3y3eTHo cMarbeHo.

f lopacr y no,bonpaepe4Hoj npo-u3ro4ubu y o6lacruMa ca yMepeHoM

208

{ Y Fpvxojrpoxbe je rnaexaKylrypa. KaAaca3pu ce 6epepyqHo lr rlbeqllAa6u ce oA rberanpaBlrno BlrHo.

) Ilpnpogxo oA-raiaHe KoKor!Ke.Ilporecr jaano-cTu nporl,rB oA-raialba )|(l4BlrHey l,rHKy6aropl,rManpeoBnaAanoje roxou no-cneAlblrx HeKo-flnKo roAlrHa.

) XuruaAefiypxn ce o4raiay orBopeHlrMy3raixnlruJrl,rMay Kann$opnnjn,roBe lrx 3pHa-cToM xpaHoMKaKO 6lr ce Ha-une Ha Tpne3llHa AaH 3axean-HOCTl,r qeTBp-ror qeTBpTKay HoBeM6py.Y EpnraxujuroBe frypKe no-cneAlber Mece-r{a y roAuHl,r Aa6n6une cnpeM-He 3a EoxltfiHocr|aBrbe.K rrMoM creopuo je u je4art 6poj npo-6"rerrra. Znrengr4erra no,?borrpr4Bpe4ao6uquo pe3ylTlrpa euruxoezN{a s6orrcojux ce npuxo4lr no,bon prrBpeAHr4 Kaclramyjy, noce6uo oHLIX ca ua,rurnr Qap-rrrava. Crora ro rzrlrKe BAaAa noapa3y-rrrenajy pecrpznqraje yBo3a, QzrccHerleHe n cyoBeHrlr4Je.

flpnrncqll rrorporuaqal locToJe npoo^eMH KOJH ce o4Hoce Hano,bo[prrBpeaHe rrpot43Bo4e. flpuopra-rer.Qapruepa y 3eM/baMa y paenojy jeAa JeAHOCTaBHO npOH3BOAe AoBO,bHOxpaHe rcaxo 6u ce 3aaoBo,r,rr e norpe6enocrojehe nony,laquje.

Y crcopzje BpeMe cBe Blrrle 14 Br.ruretr'yAu Tpax\v HaMl/IPHl|1ITIe 6es xeMH-xa,ruja h aAArABa, jep eepyjy aa cya4paezje. To je 4oee.to 40 HacraHKaopraHcKe ro.6orrprrBpe4e. (Daprr,reprzKOJV Ce OaBe OBaKBOM rrO/bO[pr4BpeAOMHe KOpHCTe xernrzxaanje h aAt4TnBe.Yrraecro rora Kopucre croirHy 6a"reryxao ly6puno u porrapajy yceBe KaKooLI UrTeTOrrI4He OCTa e AOAe V KaKO OrrrroBparulpr rlloaHocr r,ra. Xpaua caopraHcKrlx

ErcreHsuBHl4 y3roi y yMepeHoi KnuuuBenuxa npocmpaucmea y ymepe-noj ntutltu umajy mano nadaeu-Ha u mno xoje nuje uapouumonnodu,o.Tu xpajeeu ce xopucmeJa ( K( m( H3 usH) noJbon puepedy* zajeute cmoKe na pauueeutwa ucejaroe xumapurqa, Kao umo cynlueH,uLta u KjKlp)3.

a excTeH3rdenu ysroj nzje no-rpe6uo BeIr{Ko ylararbe Kanr4-TaIa, onpeMe r4 palHe cHare.

flpuHoc no xenTapy Bapupa y 3aBL1-cHocTH 04 K H\4e, BOAOCHaoAeBaFba Hn^o/HocTlr rrra, a-^u je Hrr3aK.

HHreHsrzeHlr vsroj y yuepeHoj n,uz-ur.r gaje eehe npunoce oa eKcreH3rz-eHon t r IF r reH3HBHH l r ro j ce npaxraxr jev o6,tacruua ue cy npupolHu vcloBrrIIOBOJbHII 3a 3eM,bopa{Hry u 3axTeBaBeiriKa y^ararba KarrriTala u paJHecHare. EKcrensueHrl ysroj ce cpehe naMecTI4Ma rAe Je T O CTJpOMaTXHO H l{e

trIz

cdO

c

A nurennqa yCacexc Aayx-cy y Exrnecxojje jeana oarajeaxnnjnxnorbonphBpeA-HHx Kynrypa HacBery. Oxa ceysraja y BenlrKr4MKOr|Uql,lHaMa yMHOTTM Ap)KaBa-rua, yxruyvyjyfinu CjegurbeFre flp-xaBe, Aprenrnny,KaHaAy, Aycrpa-nniy n AenoBe6uaurer Coejer-cror Caeega,{ Y Cjegrr-be-nru flpxaeamace roBeAa ToBey cnequjanxnuxpaH14'|],il!T14Ma,qecro 6nnsyKnaHuqa. V jea-HoM oA najae-hux xpanu-rlrura y Kono-pa4y, je 20 000rpna roBeAa3arBopeHo HapenarnBHo Ma-noM npocropy.

He rriLlBr{ MHofo my\u. Owa cy AaAe-Ko 04 rpx{uLllra r4e 6H ce npo4aea,rr.rfl O/r,OnpIzB peZHIl npOu3BOlIl.

_

TpanHarr.r qpe4eluLKCTeH3HBHt4 v3rOJ. OH O 4a Ce pa4ho y:rojy croKe lr H cejaruy )riurapHua.ce o6u.rHo npanrzxyje y o6,tacrzuaxoje cy cyBlrrue cylxHe 4a 6u Ha EbLt-Ma pac^a rxyMa rz rle npupo4Ho pacreTpaBa. Orpouna npocrpaHcrBa raKBIzxKapaKTepricrvKa ce Ha^a3e y 3eMrbaMaxoje cy Eepon,nauu KoloHrz3oBalrr ynoc,\elrbrix HeKo,\lrKo croTvHa ro4uHa.To cy npepuje y ueHrpa,tuoj Kana4zz Qe4znenrlu fpxaeaMa, ceBepHrzMencuxo, utaHocr4 y Beneqye,r,u. YAycrpa,r.uju ce yHyrpauHrocr Koprlcru3a Harracalbe oBarJa 14foBe4a,4oK ce Haauzujawa Hoeor 3e,rauAa uanacajy or-poMHa craAa oBa\a. Y Jyx*roj AQpuurrce Ha^a3e TpaBHaTrr npe4e^u KoJrz ce3oBy Be A. a Kophcre ce ea yrroj croKe.uojee a u j e,tencxe 4us mauu. Jolr je4aHBe r{Kr4 pefrroH KoJH ce KoplrcTri 3aeKcTeH3IIBHy norbonpl]Bpe/y cy eBpo-a3HJCKe crefre, orpoMHa npocrpaHCTBaKoJa cy He4aBHo nperBopeHa y HaJBeny2rJiTHvqy Ha cBeT)'.

faierre crorceJ

3a rajerue croKe norpe6uo je Be rlKonpocrpaHcrBo, oopaclo npHpogHoM

oooo

.ql

209

f EKcrEH3HBHI4 y3roJ y yMEpEHoJ Knt4MH

TpaBoM nojy roee4a r{,trr oBrle uacy. flo-pe4TpaBe, norpe6ue ryjorx Bo4a v orpa-4a. llpnu parrvepu y Ceeepuoj Arraepnqracy y3raJa^v cToKy Ha oTBopeHoM paHr{y(ueorpaleHoj sell*,u) lr cy 3arrorrrbaBa-.,rrz nouohne pagHrlKe u-xuxay6oje 4ace6przuy o rbr4xoBrrM KpZrrMa.

{aloaluawu aMepvrrKu paHqepv cyB acHHUH Be HKor 4e.na cnoje 3eM,t,e,jep cy oa 1934. norpe6ue to3Bole 4a6u ce croKa Harracala Ha 4pxaenoj3eM./bH. Behrzny paHqeBa onc,tyxyjypaHrrep A rr,eroBa nopo4r4rla, a caMona uajnehuM 3anoru.baeajy norr,rohHepa4HAKe. Mnorz paHrreBn cy y B ac-HrlrxrBy xovrnaHzja, rcoje noHexa4 nou-TPO UIIIy K aHr{rIe Lr X^a4rbar{e.

Ione4a H oBrleflpocevHa eelurrr4Ha paHrra y Qe4vr+,e-uuu fpxaealra je oxo I 400 xeKrapa,alrl MHoru paHrreBr.r y flararounjn,uajjyxHzjen 4e,ry Jyxue Auepuxe, cyMHoro eehz. flo,oonpuBpe4Ha Bpel-HocT paHqeBa ce r43par(aBa y o4HocyHa rbr,IxoB Karrarlvrer llcrraure. Y lla-rarourljz za je4uy onqy je norpe6aHxeKTap 3eM,be 3a vclrailLy, AoI{- cy 3aBo,ra norpe6ua 4r.a lr no xeKTapa.

Hw my4w HeMa MHoro. Ha yo6zvaje-HoM paHqy oBarIa y flararounjlz,rcojl'u'ce rpocrr.rpe ua 250 000 xexrapa jecralHo 3arrocleHo cauo 200 pa4Hr4Ka,ua4a je 3a rrrr4rrrane, noje ce o6ae,r,aJeAHOM fo4Hrrrrl,e, [oTpebHo Jorrr HeKo- rrxo crorr,rHa. (Dapve oBarla y eehrznucyBrlx npe4ela cy cneurzja"nH3oBaHe 3anpon3Boar6y ByHe n ysroj concrBeHorro4MlarKa. Y lpe4ea.uMa ca BrrrueKnure, Hexr,r jaran qr.r ce npo4ajy pary4

) O6nacr xojaoKpy)(yie KyfiyHa jeAHOMpaHqy }|n1/| ec-raHqu y ceBep-Hoi ApreHrnHu.Oeaj eenrxnpaHq, Ha23 000 xex-rapa, ie yBnacTxruByBENHKE MECHEKOMnaHltje1,1 BOAI| raMeHauep y3noMofi caMo30 pa4nnxa.

Meca, a IIoAM aAaK Ce 4e I4Mt4rIHO y3-raja Ha Qapvaua.

Yaroj croxe Molre 4a 6yAe pwslr,ualr'locao. Cyura lroxe 4a orureru narrrrbaxHa paHqy, a cHeroBH y KacHo npo,leheIl''AIa pally 3HMy Mory 4a cKpare ce3oHyucflaure. Crouapu 3aBvce v oA lulz.rtocruKperarba ua ruelynapoaHoM Tplr(r4rrrry,KOJa MOry Aarro4urHy TporuKoBe paH-qepa, a HcToBpeMeHo 4a cMarbe rleHerbrzxoBrix npor43BoAa.

Crnaparoe Eeponcxe Yuaje je yrposu-,to Qapue oBarIa v roBeza yAycrpa.tujnH Hoeola 3e,laH4y, HapoquTo rca4a jeBe,tuxa EpuraHr.rja, xoja je Ayro 6u.xar aBHo rp)KntuTe sa aycrpa-rajcKo 14HOBO3eAaHACKO MeCO kr ByIJy, rrOCTa arbeH r{ aH. Y cysuvt perHoHHMa roBe4ar4 oBrIe MopaJy ToKoM rle^e foAr4He 4azuajy no4y. Y qeurpa.tuoj Aycrpa,rrajra

ce BelrzKrz Zeo BoAe 4o6wja rr3 aprec-rcrx 6ynapa nouohy nojnx 4o,nasnvo4O IIIOA3eMHI,IX BOAa.

Orpaf nnarre je Heonxo4Ho us ABapa3lora. To panveprzrraa ouoryhyje 4ar,rMaJy KoHTpo y HaA fralxbarlr4Ma HcnpeqaBa za ce cToKa rrapH ca ,rourrzjurracopTaMa, fla ce Ha TaJ Hatrr.rH o4p)r(aBaKBalr,rrer ByHe n lreca. lo4zne celeK-TVBHOT napeFa Cy lOBeAe 40 HaCTaHKaBeoMa cneqzjalzaoBaHHX coprt4.

Ilpo4aja rporrsBogaca paHrra

Muoru npotz3Bo4l4 ca paHrra ce H3Bo-ee. fon Hzje 6z,ro Qpuxn4epa, cee-,r(e Meco HnJe Mor o 4a ce 4orrpeMaAo y4athe:e,nx rplrurura. 36or rora cyocHoBHt'r npoH3Bo4t4 ca paHrreBa or{At4Koxa, ByHa, cato vt cyrueHo wreco. {a-

Ha4pr ecraarle Ea raolre ca rroBp-rrrrrnaMa oxo xyhe (ynehann npar

Hac ce Meco, KoJe ce 3aMP3aBa Idx^a4vr,[pOI,I3BOAI4 y O I,I3I,IHLI I( aHHIIa pI )Ke-^e3Hnrle. Panqesz nojz cy yAaJ[,eH}.{jv,Meco rurur,y y Qa6prarce 3a KoH3epBe HMecHe upepafenuue.

Y neno,rraro 3eMarba, yrcnyuyjyhu uAycrparr,rjy, Hogra 3e,rau4 w Ypyrnaj,BYHA U MeCO JOIrr yBeK rrr4He BeJ\I1IKT{YAeo y Lr3BO3HHM apTItK ItMa. Ocra,,tuTpa4HrIr4OHa Hlr r,r3Bo3Hr,rrlu, nolyTApreHrune, cy cMarblr u npo4ajy yr{HocrpaHcrBy, jep ce 360r rropacracraHoBHr{Ka rroBeha^a uorpe6a na4oMaheM Tpxs4rrrry.

Ysloj rcrrrapuqayl3 VTCTOpI1JCKHX pa3^Ora Je eKCTeH-3rlrBHn ysroj urueru{rle rd KyKypy3a HaBe uKLlM rrapqe aMa rroqeo pe aTuBHone4anno..Cpehe ce yr aBHoM y o6aa-cTHMa KoJe cy Hace.beHe H pa3Br4eHey rrocle4rr,rlx 150 ro4uHa. OcnoeHuno4cruqaj pasroja :rcnrHlrqa je 6uopasnoj rp4oBa y saua4Hoj Enponnr.I Ha ItcToKy Qe4Ian'euax fipxaB,a y19. nercy, Kao roc e4r{ua UndycmpujcKepeaonyr4uj e.Yp6aHusaquja je 4oneaa 4ouoeehaHe lloTpa)Krbe 3a nrrreHHrrHHM6paurHou, a rroBlarrerbe seKowa o KyK)-pysy uz 1864.je crpaHrM nporasnola-quMa oMoryhr,rao upr,rcryu rpxcr4rury yBe,ruroj Bpuranrajrn.

Cuamerse HaKH24a 3a rpaHcflopr)r(HTaplrqa je no4crarcrro rproBaHy.To je enavrnao 4a Qapuepv y 3elz"lba-Ma Kao ruro cy Qe4r.rmeHe {p:rcane uAycrpaar{a, r4e cy rporuKoBn rpo-Lt3Boarbe 6r,urn nr,rcnrn, Mory 4a o6opeqeHe xr4Tapw1a y Enponn. IbraxosnQapuepu cy lrMa^H HeKo^r.rro npe4-nocru-Qapue cy 6u,re Ha HeraKnyroM,rrAo4HoM T y H onclylxrrBa.ita rxje cne

A CunyeraBerpebaqe KoiacrpKlr 3a nyM-nalbe BoAe cey3[l,lxe u3HaApaBHxqe y EHrpePuocy y ApreHrx-Hx. y noIycyBr,rMpernoHxila lenorpe6Ho AyooKoKOnaTlr Aa 6l,| ceAOITI|O AO Crar-HOr lr3Bopa BOAe.

) OEqe ce Hana-caiy y noAHo)r(iu-Ma HOBO3enaHA-GKHX Jy)KHxXAnna. Y nrsuiauanaCy 3l,li,ll,lr annNOIUTO OHE TETUnpecyuyjy, oBqeGe cene y nra-HXHCKe naurlbaKe.

pasnnjenraja )r(elesHlrqa; ncro raKo,oHrr cy cMrrc-zrt4ll,I u eQr,rxacne HarrHHesa o6paay >r

f EKcrEH3l4BHl4 y3roJ yyMEpEHoJ Knr4Ml4

Kexca rzlr4 rraxyhu\a. Aypyw nrueHarIace Kopt4cTlr 3a MaKapoHe, urnafeTe rr

pyra recra.

Tpen4onnKaxo ce 6poj nyany cBery noeehasao.TaKo ce eKcreH3HBHu ysroj f locretreHonoMepao y cyruuraje rrpe4e^e. flepzo-Ata.rrlo re peraoHe troro4n cyura rcojaMoxce Ja rpaje u rro HeKo LrKo ro4rzHa.Cyurevory aayspoxyjy Be VKe 9^y*-Tya\vJe y npon3Bo4rr,r4 xpaHe o4Je4HeAo Apyte roAI1IIle.

30-ux r 20. e. cyura je i lperBoprz- a rleHTpalne o6,tacrrz Qe4r.rmenzx4p2KaBa, Ca Cpe4HrrrTeM y ceBepHoMTercacy, y r3B. 'flpaurnany vuunjy'.Cyeo ra.o ce rperBopu,to y Qznu npaxrrr4Jv Be r4Krl AeO cy OAyBAAI./ BeTpoBpr.llpor4erbyje ce 4ajeje4na ee,trara o,r.yjaoZHeIa 318 uzrrzona roHa rrua Ao vc-TorrHe o6a,te Qe4zrrenux fpxaea.

Kpajer'.r 50-zx r 20. e. je CoejercxuCases nporuupvo o6,racru y xojznra cenporr3Bo4n^a nrueHvrla 04 n^o4He yK-pajzncxe 3eMrbe Ao 3arra4Hor Cu6upauceBepHor KasaxcraHa. Melyrunr, xer-ee cy 6z,re neyje4navene pr no4lolrHerepuo4urrHort yruqajy cyura. IIpuxo4zno xeKTapy cy 6u,tu MHoro Marr,r.r HefooHu 3ana4Ho o4Ypa,r.a. Be"r.zxe noBp-

V Oaa 12-pe4xa ceiaqrqa Ha Qap-Mx nrJJeH,rrle y reinc6opoy, Ap)KaBalAnnnonc y6aqyie ceMe AhpeKrHo yrno Koie ce He ope.

rurrHe rz ^ ollra Mpex{a rlyTeBa y HoBr.rMKpaJeBr{Ma cy trecTo AoBo4vrn.u 4o TofaAa x

3anuxe xpaHe y cBery{ Srno je noxy-uaja ga ce no-6onura npxHocnurennqe y hu-gujr ynorpe6omBernKe KotIl,tqu-HE BEUTAqKTXfy6puaa.

) Y llu6epniu,Kao Aeo flpojex-ra sa paseojceMeHa nupnH.ta,Aeqa ce o6yva-eajy sa Sapmepe.

2005. je Ceemcxa sdpaecmeeuaop eauus at4uj a np ot4enuna d anpexo 800 mu"nuoua nydu nanl,uod xponuune znadu, xao u daBuure od 30 000 deqe cearcodueeuoymupe s6oz znadu u 6onecmu xojenacmajy od moza.

) MnaAogpaefie jyxnoreofia pacre ynnacTeHuqHMay Ouany.3albuxoB ysroj ceKopr,rcTlr Boflane Qa6pnxe saAeGar|llHl,a-qlriy.

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cHoBHr4 npo6a.eu r,eF'lzlr'e myAuxojra xuee y 3eM-/baMa y paseojyje rcarco 4a 4o\y ao xpane 4a 6Ia

rrpexnBelr,r.VI4ea-nuo 6u 6u,to 4a xpa-Ha CaAplK'Id ypaBHOTelKeHe Ko^LIIII{HeyrlbeHrzx xv4para (xoje rzrnraruo y xtkr-Tapr4rJaMa 14 KpoMnr{py) r4 rrpoTevHa(6H,,snor H )KzBoralr,crcor noperaa),Kao r,I MacTI4,BIllfA]l/ILrHa lr Apyrr{x Marberrpt4 cyrHr4x xpaH,bt4 Brzx laar epwja. rn e-ceruHe xvrJbaAa 4erle y Aznju uary6enra4 s6or He4ocrarKa eraraNrzHa A.

.{oro-rrro 3a cBeYnproc ne4oBo,6HHM Ko l{rrnHaMa xpa-He y HeKvM Ae^.OBvMa CBeTa, CTpyrrrba-qz npoqemyj.y AaRaAa 6z ce cea xpaHaHa cBeTy rro4le4HaKo pacrro4eir{ a, cBLloH r,rMa u AoBoJbHo 3a 34paB )ICr,rBoT.{orc ruarrzna y pasnajeHzM 3eM.ibaMar{Ma AoBoibHo xpaHe, MHore 3eMJbe ypaseojy y AQpzqu, Aswjw rz JyxnojAvrepuqu He Mory 4a HaxpaHe ceojecraHoBHrarurBo. flpozano4rra- xpa-IIe qecro He frpaTpr KopaK ca opoJeMcraHoBHrrra r.at4a ce 4ece raracrpoQe

rrofrvr cynfa u noII,\aBa. fla MI4 lroHt4ny ai niayjy. flo,tzrraxa rarcol e yrl4rleHa npori3Bodrr,y xpaHe. 2000. je OYHsa xpany u nomonpuapedl (

I 3Anr4xE xPAHE y cBETy

Je4au o4 Hajnepcrenrunuzjux ua-uuHa je xu1pw4vsaglrja - creapameHOBHX COpTrr, HapOrrHTO trkrpVrlJl{a r4fllrreHuue. nouohv HOBHx reHercKrrxnou6zuaqrlja. Creapame r.r ynore6a'uyzecuux'

xw6pw4a (se,tena peBo^y-quja) je yMHoroMe noeeha,\o nporl3-Bo4rby xpaHe y 3eM,baMa y pa3BoJy.

3e,rena peeo,ryuuja rlua ceoja orpa-Hrzlreea. Mnore HoBe copre cy Hapoqpr-TO OCeT/b-LrBe Ha npOMeHe K I4MaTCKilXyc^oBa, oo^ecTu ov^'aKa v rlrTeTorrriHe.flpzueua xep6ngu4a, ilecrvrJn4a 14BerurarrKrrx ly6puea xoja cy norpe6-Ha HoBIIM xv6pn4uua je ueruro rurocupoMarrrHu Qapuepu He Mofy Aanpr4-vurre. Behu rDorrrxoBz ranBor r.arrv:g'anoJbonpuBpe4e noeehaeajy ueHe. 3arorpe6a nponahz na.rzne 3a npor43Bo4rbyxpaHe rcojy nyavMory Aa npzyrure.

,Ilpor"re. Harrr{Ha HcxpaHerbv4vl y pa38rzleHHM 3eMJbaMa 4oo4J4JynpeKo 50 7o nporerzHa u Macrr4 r.r3 Meca,M eKa u jaja. Y ser\a,baNaa y pa:eojy jeyKynHa noTporrrlf,a npoTeHHa v MacTr4MaFba. a caMo ono 14% je x(HBorarbcKorflopeK^a.

T1ope4 rora urro MHoro xor-nvnupajynporev He H MacrH, ,r,yAvt y pasezjenrav3eN4rbaMa Kopr4cre H fler nyTa Brr[re r{u-raphua lc,eto,byAn y 3eMrbaMa y pareojy.Behu 4eo ror ?KHTa ce 4aje crorlrz t4'rperBapa'

v Meco. Crpyvrcaqu cy !3-paqyHa r4 44, y npoceKy, Ha cBaKr4x + Kr)Kurapuua rcoje roee4a noje4y. oHa npo-u3re4y Marre oZ 500 r ueca.Melynzru,4 nr xrzrapu\avrMa AeceraK nyra Br{rxexa,topuja u rpeKo qervplt nyra BzruenporevHa nero 500 r roBe4rrHe.

flponeHe craBa nyALr y paceujenau3eM,,uava npeMa xpaHa xojyjeay. y^rvsyHa 3a r4xe xpaHe. Pu6o,roe jejoru jeaaHHarrrrH HCXpaHe - 2004. je u3 oBJbeHoMa o Br.r[re oZ 95 lrunuona pra6e.

EyayhnocrMsore 3e\4/be y pareojy cy 6one on-peM,beHe 3a noBenaHy no/r'onpr4BpeA-Hy rrpor.r3Bo4rby Hefo 3a lpyre o6,tuHeenoHoMcKor HanperKa. Ys Qunan-CI,IJCKa CpeACTBa rZ TeXHrrr{Ke BerUTrr-He Morlo 6vr 4a ce npov3Be4e MHoroBHrue xpaHe. Hanpe4ax je nocrr.rrHyr.1965. cy 3eM,lre y paseojy y npoceKynpou3Bollrle 90% AHeBHor yHocaxa,nopuja (exeuea,lenr y r

UHtrycrpuicKe 6urbKeBehuua nydu cmampa da jenononpuep e d a np ous e o drca xp au,e.Mefymum, ozpou.ua olnacm c6em-crcux no m onpuep e duux d o 6 apace rcopucmu 3a yce6e xoju uuajyutuporcy nputw,eny y undycmpujcxojnpouseodx'u, nott"erluu od zyme uquzapema do canyu,a u odehe.

) 3a qeberueryue je norpe6-Ha lr3y3erHaeeurrnxa. fleoKOpe ce yKnoHhAa6n KayHyKMorao Aa ceqeAlr y nocyAe.3arnu ce qyBay amonujaxy3a lrcnopyKe yI,IHOCTpaHCTBO.

yMa, AyBanl,6umso yme u 6umuaBAaKHa cy r aBHe uy,trype xojece Koprrcre y ww4ycrpujlr. Oeu V MeroAe

yceBrr. y cfipoBoM cratry, norryr naQrerz Heo6paleHz.x pyAa Mera^a cna4ajyy Fpyny 4o6apa. tr4vajy BalKHy y^o-ry y cBeTCKoJ TpfoBuHH, noceoHo pr3-uely eelrana y paseojy ra paeezjenzxseMa,rba..To je saro rrrro MHore 3eM,bey pa3BoJy z3Bo3e TpofrcKe Ky Type 3awH4ycrpkrJcKy oopa4y.

cyuJelba 3aBlrceoA npolr3BoAa.fluurfie AyBa-na ns Bupun-nnje encn oxoHeAerby AaHay sarpejaxnrvrnpocropujarua.

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V UaKoBl,lrrxnprxnja cecna(y y Hure-puiu u vexajylrcnopyKy ySa6pnxe sao6pa4y. Knrn-puxu je iegaHoA perK[x yce-Ba Kollr ycne-eajy na nara-HOM 3eMrbl,lUlTyno o6oguruaCaxape.

Brzcoxa norpaxrra je rroKpeHyla rrc-TpzDrlrBarba y o6,racrz cznTerr4rrKe rl'l,re.flauac, Kolprrrr4Ha frporr3Be4eHe cvHTe-TLIqKe ryMe npe^a3v Ko^utrrr4Hy npr4po-4we. CA{,, Janan, Pycca (De4epa4wja,Heua-rrca z (DpaHrlycxa cy 2005. 6u;r,er aBHrz npozseolavrz BerxrarrKe ryMe.

flysalaflyvau ycreBa y BeoMa pa3Ho rrKLlMycloBrrMa H crora ce yoraja y MHoTHMAe oBvMa cBera. Mefyrrzu, pa3lrzKe y3eMrbr4rrrTy AoBoAe 40 pa3^vKe y rpa-Ar4paruy ^tzrurha 4y vaua. Kouepquj a"ura

Iyuaflpupo4na ryua te 4o6wja oA :lray-rry-Ka, M,terrHo 6e,nor coKa ZpBera Heaeabrasiliensi,s. Oeo 4peo npvpo4Ho ycreBay aMa3oHcKoj nparuyulz, re je Bpasu,rrrocrao rrpBv Be,rrznrz nporaseo[arr oBeuarepnje roKoM Apyre roloeraHe 19.BeKa, a raKo3BaHH '6aponrz ryMe' cy3rpra H orpoMHo 6orarcreo.

1878. orporuHe Ko r4qHHe ceMeHaH euea bra silie ns k cy n ponprjy ruvapeHuus Epaerarra. Y srajauw cy y M^age caAHv-qe y Kr lapaeny y Aou4or-ry, a nacHzjerr3Be3eHe Ha IJej,ton (ca4aurna IIIpuAanxa) ra y Ma,tajy ea noKperarr,e rrlaH-Ta)fia ryMe. flnanraxe cy ce nacHrzjeocHr.rBa^e z pasezja,te v y ApyrwM de-,r.onravra jyrozcrovne Asuj e, y ri'r"yuy jyhuI4H 4oueswjy uTajlu:w4. Bo4ehrz rpor43-eolavz npupo4He ryMe cy 3eMrbe y pa3-n ojy : Thj,ran 4, LIn 4oaesrzj a, M anesuj a,IIIpz AaHxa rz BzjerHarvr.

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I [HflycrP]4JcKE EHTbKEnpor43Bo4lla Bpcre Ni,coti,ana tabacum,nojrz npupo4Ho ycrreBa na Kapz6urr,ra,saveraje y ra4arumoj 6pzraucnoj xo-"toHujrz Bnpuzuzja y Arr.repuqrz nove-rxou 17. eexa. fanacje CAI qerBpra3eM"ba Ha cBeTy no npov3Boz}I,rl AyBa-Ha z eo4eha r.r3Bo3HHrIa oBor rrporr3Bo-4a. Lr.aeurz npozseolav AyBalr.a, KzHa,TporuLl orpoMHe KoAr{.rAHe oBor npo-vsuo4a.,4pyr. Belrrnrl norporuaqu cytr4u4wja, Epa:z,r., Typcna u 3zlr6a6ee.

Ev-rrrro y"rreMacru A yJba cy eaxine HaMr.rpHr.rqe,a,ru ranole wr,njy w MHorocrpyxyrpHMeHy y nuaycrpujv v MeAt4t\HHA.Bpr,nno yJbe ce Koplrcrlr 3a rrporz3Bo4rr,yKo3Merune,,r.y6pzrcauara v cailyna,Kao rr [pot43Bo4a Kao urro cy jecrraeoyJbe r.r MaprapvH.

Cee 4o 20. eexa, )KrrBorrrrbe cy 6u.xeTAaBHH pecypcl4 MacTh l4 To noceoHofoBe4a, cBr.rEre 14 Kr4ToBr4. Mefiyruu,

6poj epcra o4 rcojux cy najnony,r,apnujeoHe noje npunagajy poay Gossypium.3aysrajame rraMyKa je norpe6no 4a ne-pwo1 oA 180 4ana 6yae 6es Mpa3a carpocer{HoM reMleparypou o4 20'Cr1 yMepeHvM flaAaBAHaMa, Ma4a cecHCTeM HaBo4rbaBarba KopHcrz 3a y3-rajame rraMyKa y cyBrrM o6,lacrzrra rcaoruro cy Ka,ruQopuzjay CA{-y u Aotrr-na Hz,ra y ceBepoprcrovHoj AQprzqr.r.Bo4ehz npouseolavw 2005. roZVHe6wrwcy KuHa, CAl, IJenrpalne asrzjc-rce peuy6"rzxe, I4a4wja u llanr.rcraH.

Jyra, xao a,pyra aajaaxHnja e,rarc-HacTa Ky Typa, ce KopHcTr4 3a npa-BJberr'e KoHofrrla, uaKoBa rr nocTaB^arbeTerruxa. Kzua, tr4u4uja, Eanr,ra4eru raThj,r,an4 cy eo4ehr.r nponeeolavu jyre.

flpoueno .url;a n rproBuHa

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yLHAyCTpAJCKe OH,t'Ke Ce KOpuCTe BeKO-BHMa y OOAaCTTTMa r4e vHarre npHpo4Hoycneeajy. To eaxz 3a rraMyK y tr4u4uju,

{ Y flexrnrynaMyK ce npe-Ae lr HaMoTaBaHA KATEME.Kuna je qerBp-ra y cBery no1,r3BO3y naMyKa.

) KpyruavanaMyKa f,arlrpalr3 1880. r. !r ceAarbe Kopl4crlly VnAnin.

o v Oea ra6e-ft na noraayie; pa3HonlrKocr! npor,r3BoAa! rxgycrpnjcxnxQ6nnaxa.

Koxoc Ha @rz,ruuzuzlran cojy y Kuttu.Eeponcnrz cncreM n,rauraxa Huje

rrMao ycrrerlHe pe3ylTare. Hexe 3eMJ6ey pa3BoJy cy ce npeBnrxe oc^aEa^e HacaMo JeAHy Ky^rypy a^r{ Ma }r opoJnorborrprrB p e4Hr4x 4o6apa. Eanr,r.a4eruCe y HaJBenoJ Meplz ocAalr'a Ha npol43-Bo4rr,y jyre, a flaxIacran Ha flpon3-Bo4Fby naMyKa. 4oK MHore aQpzvxe3eM6e 6asupajy ceojy npuepe4y HaLr3Bo3y 6z"nuor yn a, naluyna v. ApyrvxBlanHacrrix 6uman

EHeprula

7^; ev,te Kao ulro cy KaHa4a, CAl,{JanaH H 3eMrbe 3analHe Eepone

\Juruajy nony,raqzjy rcoja qwHhcav'o l6,7oh rleloxynHor cBercKor cra-HoBHHrurBa, a.\rr Koprrcre 54"/. 4ocryn-Hrrx eHepreTcKzx 3a.\vxa.

{ tUyjopx nohy. fipyurrBo ynornyHocru SaBucn oA Be'|llKl,lxKorrqHHa eneKTpr,r'{He etepruie.Bennxn craHoBr,r lr nocnoBHtlr4eHrpr,f 6unn 6u neynorpe6lbnBn6eg ceerna, nn$roea ll KrltMe.

3a pas,nzry oA H,ux cldpoMalrrHe3eM,ir,e ca 83,3"h yKy[He cBercKe no[y-tarJllje, Kopncre caMlo 46"/o eHeprer-cKHx 3airzxa. Behrzna cBercKe eHep-rraje uorrzue 04 roprrBa Qocu.nuor no-peK a - yrarb, HaQra u npllpo4Hrr rac.@ocuyrna ropr4Ba ce raro nasueajy, jepcy Hacra a o4 Qocz,tzaoBaHLIX ocrara-rca 6uLnan

I EHEPTUJA

A'flarxa', xojace ]buuJeHanpeA-Ha3aAHa BpeTeHy,nsenaqn 90Yoexepruje ranacaca xojuu ce

yxpura. Oeajnpo6xn MoAen(gecno)npegcraBrbaocHoBy HanpaBaeefihxgnuensnja.

Hajnainnujn e eMeHT yr"ra je yr,te-Hax. Hajcra?.vrJkr kr uajryg!.rE yran jeaHTparIr4T xoju ca4pxn 98o/o yubel'l'r/'-rca. Hajr',rrrafvr ALIrHr4Tr4, rcojn cy orcoI unrraou ro4lalaacrapv, cagpxe caMo307o yr:reuuna.

Csercxe pe3epBe yul;a cy orpoMHe.llper'ra noc,re4moj npoqeHu nocroje3a^rxe oa oKo 984 uu-tujapae roHarcoje rvrory 4a ce eKoHoMr4qHo LlcKorra-eajy. Arco 6u ce yr

flprzpo4nrl rac ce Koprrcrn Kao roptz-eo y AoIvrahrlHcrBy t4 ww4ycrpwjw. 9" j.rz BarrcaH I43Bop xeMr.rKa HJa KoJe ceKopt4cTe y [popI3Bo/Ir,I4 /eTepUeHaTa'CIZHTCTIZIIKI4X B AKAHA, QAP6C, II"\ACTIZ-Ke I4 Ct4HTeTr4qKe ryMe.

Thuo r4e HeMa MeKBarHI4x 3alr4xaflfrp?Ipo/r{or taca, .il,yAvt 3aBHce 04 fipo-Lr3BeAeHor raca. I aBHa cr.IpoBlzHa 3anpou3Bo4rby racaje yranxoju ce neqeH TaKO OC"to6ala fac il Hacraje KOKC.

Xz4poe",r.ercTpruHa cuaraHajcrapnjw H3Bop eeepruje je eo4a.Bo, ene roarKoBlz rcoje oxpehe Bo4apeKa Kopllcre ce BI4rIre oa 2000 rogn-ua, a o6es6efr.Iearrz cy v rrpavl I43BopIzeuepraje, nagaje rcpajerra 18. eexa uoqe-tra wu4y cr pvjcKa peBo^yq wja. Ha rpajyTor BeKa, y Eeponr.r je 6z.to oKo rrolaMIA VOHa BOAeHVIIa.

Canpeueue xn4polleHTpale pa4enouohy Be lrKI4x 6paua 14 orpoMHl4xpffiepBoapa noju or'aoryhyjy jar naaeoae. YN{ecro Be I4KLrx, He3rpanHl4xBOAeHTZX TO-rKOBa, CaBpeMeHe XI4ApO-qeHTpa e Koplzcre ryp6aue y xojurnraBoAeHH rorc uorcpehe porop. Cealcaryp6wwa uoxpehe e eKTpLIrrHI4 reHe-parop. Y xu4poqenrpa aMa ce Kopt4c-Te rpn npcre ryp6rlna. flevrronoeau,r,u Typro ryp6lz.ua ce rlocraBJr'a Bep-TLIKa HO V Ha VIBVIIIId VMa HII3 nOfOH-cnor xorecja, noje orcpehy porop Lrraxo nonpehy e eKTpIzrrHr4 reHeparop.

Kopracru ce Ka4a je veona eo4a nehaoa 300 Merapa. @pencracooa (uonpev-na) ryp6uua I4Ma porop ua xortre cy 20v Brzrue 3aKprrB,beHux oIuTpaIIa.flo4rarHyra je xopusonra^Ho yryrapcBof elKHurra r,r qerra je loro[r]beHa y6pera peuurz rox. Kopucrvr ce xa4 jer{eoHa eo4a uervrely 30 u 300 r"rerapa.Karutanoea (npone,r.epcxa) ryp6rana jeclr4rrHa (Dpencucoeoj, a.lrlz laMa porop yo6"rurcy 6po4ccor npofle^epa. Kopuc-

{Tonnora oAcMefia, Koie caro-peBa y ropHo-Hl,lqllMa, MOXe AaCe KOpl,lCTl,l 3anpolr3BoAlbyeneKrpl,rqHeeHeprlrie.

V Oea eHeprer-cKa cTaHlqacaroplr 700 ronayrrba Ha car Aa6u nponseena2000 xunoearaeneKrpHqHeeHeprlrje.

A Conapxr noroH y Ogeny yOpaxqycroj. Iloror Kopr,rcrr,lBenlfKo KoHKaBHo orneAano Aa6uce cyHqeBr 3paux Qoxycnpann.Ornegano 'npar[' nyralby Cyxqa.TV ce Ka4a je veona so4a antx

I EHEPTTJA

rrrrHH caMo 0,7"/o yxynwor ypanrajyrr,raxojz je

.4ocryrraH. Ocrarro qvHn t43ororrU-.23q. I4soron je o6,trar e eMeHraKoJv Je xeMrrJCKr4 vAellTwraH ApyrLrMIz3oronHMa, alkt rrMa apyravr.rjy arorr,r-CKV TC}KIIHV.

Carpalerio je HeKo rlKO eKcnepr4MeH-TaIHrrx Qocu,rnux pearcropa. AxooBaKBu PeaKTOpt4 [OCTaHy_ yootzqaJe-Hz, cBeTcKe 3a uxe ypaHa ora TpaJa exvthad.aMafoAIdHa.

3a u nporunHyKIeaPHe eHeprrrJe

Hyrc,reapHa eneprr,rja r.rMa HeKo t4Korrpe4Hocrz. Enonouz.+ra je ca ac_n_elT3yrporueuor ropuBa: je4ua roHa U-235ouoryhyje Bzrue eHeprzje oA 12MrzlrloHa 6ape,r.a naQre. r{zcra je z neearafyje aruocQepy.

Melyrzrrl, nocroju HeKo rrKo MaHa.I4zrpa41ra HyK eapHr4x qeHrpa"a.a jecxyna. One npozsao4e MHoro oflacHorpaAJ4oaRT,z,BHor orn24a nojra rrlopa 4ace o4^olKr4 Ha rrepvoA 04 BlrrIIe cToTr4-Ha TOAt4Ha,4OK OTIaCHOCT 04 3paireBaHe rrpecraHe. Hyx"r.eapne xaeaprajeMory

.4a sarazre orpoMHe o6,tacru servr-lnvttrra rz r43a3oBy os5lzmHa o6o,remat4 r1 cMpT cToTuHe tby4r4.

CMa ce rpara 3a a repHarvBHrrM

220

lr3BopvMa enepnaje rcoju ue Mory 4a ceflorporue. Hexoallno raKBHx cy y [po-rJecy pa3BoJa.

EHepruja eerpa je rcoprzurhena crorz-HaMa ro4r4Ha 3a noKperarbe opo4oBa uBerperbaara. Carpelrene ryp6rane uanoroH Berpa ce rpaAe 4a or4 crBapalee^eKTpr4rrHy eneprzjy, xoprzcrehrz nprzToM Be,ruKy cHary Berpa. Co,rapnaeHeprr4Ja HacTaJe KoprimnebeM Torl o-Te cyHqeBvx 3pana. Co"tapue he,trzje,HarrpaBrbeHe 04 cr.r^rzKoHa, ce KopucTe4a 6w ce o6es6e4zrra eneprzja y cbe-MplpcKprM ,\eTe,\HrIaMa.

fl"nuuaCuara rr HMe Mo)r(e aa ce Koprzcrr4 aa6rz ce npov3Bela e eKTpLrirHa eHep-rzja, uan

IEHEPTnJA

rrLrHH caMo 0,7oh yxynwor ypaHrzjyrvrarcojuje AocryrraH. Ocrarro qrrHn r,rsororrU-33q. Zsoron je o6,rux e^eMeHraKOJH Je xeMHJcKr{ H/;eIrTvrqaIJ Apyrr4Mr43ororruMa, aAV vua Apyraur,rjy arou-CKV TC?KLIHV.

Carpaf erio je HeKoArrKo eKcrrepr4MeH-Ta HHx Qoclranux pearcropa. ArooBaKBpr peaKTopr4 nocrarry yo6rauaje-Hrr, cBercKe 3a rrxe ypaHa 6z rpaja,texvtbz,4aMa roAvrHa.

3a n npornrHyrueaPHe.eHePrrTe

n.yK eapHa eHepruJa HMa HeKo HKo[pe4HocrH. ErcoHorr{u.rHa je ca acrreKTafrporueHor roprrBa: je4na roHa U-235or'roryhyje Bilrrre eneprzje oA 1,2Mrrlr4oHa 6aperra uaQre. 9ucra je u Hesaralyje arrvrocQepy.

Mefyrzr"r, nocroju HeKoIrrKo MaHa.Vlsrpa4wa FrF$eapHvx qeHrparra jecxyna, Oue nponsno4e MHoro oflacHorpaAnoawTvrBHor orrra,4a rcoju uopa 4ace oA o)KIt Ha [ePr4o4 o.4 Br.rure cToTH-HA IOAIII}IA,AOK OUaCHOCT 04 3paqerbaHe rrpecraHe. Hyn reapne xanapr.ljerrdofy AA Sara/e OrpoMHe oo^acrr4 3eM-

r4^z cMpT cToTvtHe hyAvr.Ca4a ce rpara 3a aITepHarnBHHM

220

Lr3BopHMa euepruje xoju He Mory 4a cerrorpome. Heno,lzrco raKBHx cy y [po-qecy pa3BoJa.

Euepruja nerpa je xopraruheua crorr4-HaMa ro4r.Ha 3a noKpeTarbe opo4oBa HBerpebaqa. Canpeueue ryp6uue nanoroH BeTpa ce rpaAe 4a or4 cTBaprL ee enTprrrrHy eneprujy, xopracrehu upraToM Be uKy cHary Berpa. Co"rapuaenepruja nacraje xopzruherreM Torrlo-Te cyHqeBrrx 3paKa. CorrapHe herruje,HanpaB^eHe o4 ct4^'HKoHa, ce Kopr4cTe4a 6n ce o6es6e4H"ta enepruja y cBe-Mr4 pcKItM ,\ere^r{qaMa.

fI"truraCHara rr HMe Mo)fie .4a ce Koplacrn da6u ce [por,r3Bela e eKTpr.IqHa eHep-ruja, vtarco uocroje MHofr{ TexHLIrrKlrnpo6,neurz. Hanpara, rro3Hara KaorrarKa rbHxa,\nqa, Kopr.rcrlr noKpereTa^aca 4a6a yxsana,ra eneprnjy.

Ko4 reorepMa He eHepruje Kopl,rcruce rorrlora u3 yHyrparmbcrcru 3eu.reAA OH Ce [pOr43BeIa e eKTpI4rIHa eHep-ruja. Hajnuure ropnurheHa.reorepMa^-ua eHeprraja je oua rzs npyhnx u3Bopara rejsrapa. llhapor"r cBera ce raxo 4o6Iajeoxo 8 uurruoHa Kr4 oBara rozr{urrbe - HaVIcr';,ll^4y, I4r atruju, y CM-y.

1991. rnlr rvrelyHapo4ulrx Hyx^eap-nr,rx Qneuvapa, xojz p4e y Oxc

npuBpetraKada ce noMew npuepeda, nydu o6uuuonoMucne m $a6puxe u Pob xojy ouenpouseode. Ilpuapeda je Heurno euu,e odfia6pwca - Sapmep xoju yseaja eohe unoephe u zaju cmoxy manofie je eatrcaudeo npuepede.

3pe^ocr

) Befiraxanpoh3BoAanpona3n Kpo3r_ll,rKnycnnoaaquje,pacra,3peflocr14lr onaAalba.Morop cayHyrpaulbl,rMcaropeBalbeM,nnp., je HacraoKao pe3yflrarTEXHHqKErenujanxocrn'caMocrarHnxnponafla3ava', aceoj pacr AyryjeyrnaBHoMmexagepcxojBeuJTt4Hl,r 14yflo31,r Kanurara.

VJapx rojn cepyqHo npeAe yjesHoj Sa6pnqnTeKCTl4Ia yceaepnojVaguiu.Cnpouaurne3eMrbe nuajyBhrJaK paAHecHare 14paeeujajynngycrpnje xojeeaxreeajy enurepagHe cHare.

@AsE v N{HBOTY JE4HOTaH4vcrPnJCKOr nPOm3BO4A

ona.4arbe

pHBpe4a J9 yrrorpeoa ^ytcKorpaAa 3a 4ooHJalr,e pooe a yc y-re. flpzepe4He rpaHe cy ayro-

uo6N,rcxa vn4vctpuja. nnayctpnjayrrba, HoBr4HcKa vH4ycrpwja. 3a rrpuB-pe4y je cneqzQr.rvHo Aa u rrocao v pM-Ht4 ur{ re}Ke cne4uja^,nta\hju.

Trruonn nn4ycrpnja"4>yau, rojz npolrseo4e cHpoBHHe xojeapyru o5pabyjy. .. 6aee nprauapHovzn4ycrpzjou . Pyaapu xoju l.rcnonaeajyyrarb, KaMeHo oMrIH KOJH Ba4e KaMeH,nasranajy ce npuMapHu npouseof avz.

hyau xoju npereapajy cupoBrzHe ypo6y cy ceKyH4apHrr npouseolavz.Ouu o6palyjy uarepuja"a,e u npousBo-4e po6v. Oa neo6pafene rpale, Hnp.,ce rlpaBl4 HaMerxraJ, nanHp, KapToH,My3rrqKV HHCTpyMeHTu, nyhe rz MHore4pyre crBaplr.Je4Ha Apyru n"r.aczQanarlvja 4etrw

uu4ycrpwjy Ha rerxKy uu4ycrpwjy yKoJy craaaJy npaBJber'be qe^hKa. paQH-uepzj3 uaQre, py4apcrBo; Ha ^ aKy - rycrra4aJy aKTr{BHocTri KoJe He 3axTeBaJynpepa,4y crlpoBr{Ha Kao, Hrrp., npoil3-Bo4rr,a e eKTpoHCKHx HanpaBa; u Hayc^ylKHe 4elarHocr rz, rcoje npyxajyyclyre rronyr 6auxapcrea, ocnryparba,TpaHcnopTa, e eKTpoHr,rKe, Typri3Ma,nonpaBKr.r r.r sa6aee.

1II

o6uu npo4aje

unonaqzjaBpeMe

\ -*1',

i\ *

Oprarrnsag rzja rzla4y crpnj e[lpe 14a4ycrprljcne peeo.ryur.rje. rcoja je3anoqela y lB. eercy.6n,lo je npulurrHoJe4HOCTaBHO opraHr.r3oBaTV vHAyC-rprzjy. MelyrvM, :ra4a ce npou3Bolnanpece^ula y Qa6pzne, a uarrrlzHe y$p-3a e nporz3Bo4r+y, ,r(riBoT Je nocTaoKoMn tzKoBau. f l ,anac noje4vrHavHeQa6prane

.o6n.*ro orpaHzvaeajy ceojorcef Ha JelaH o4perJeHrz npoqec z^rlHa npaBJbelbe caMo HeKHx npov3Bo4a.To :Ha.JLr. Hnp.. aa Be HKa un4ycrpnja,Kao ruro je ayroruo6zlcxa, ce oc albaHa croruHe pa3lrrr{rrrr,rx Ma,l.ux Qa6pz-xa Aa 6u [porr3Bela ayrorr.ro6rl"r.

CeaKa npr4Bpe4Ha rpaHa HMa rrerocHoBHrrx noTpeoa, KoJe ce Ha3LrBaJyQanropu ilporr3Bo4rbe. To cy 3eM,r,a,MaTepHJa u, pM, Karrr4Tai rr yMerxHocTpyKoBo4crBa. 3elr,ta je norpe6na saQa6puxy, rraK lr 3a ua-ty. Y HeKrrM rpLrB-

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florpe6e:aKIIIITITIUTOM

Kprrruua

Yr.myuerreKOMrraErye

Hrronaqrjanoxymaj nrPeEKa: MNo6uu, uuoro'je4uorparuax'uocroBaMiLAg IETEE3ITETKilUTUA

IEOBATEBEOCT(mp. y HayquuffebepcrBy)

MAe U

PacryBe.4m MacoBsa4poeBoA6a

BUme nalrf,Tana:myc eajruga 6nce $rnarcapaloIaEIrBe

34PaoPa:lyMcHMeEaFi[eET gvaPrlgTmfrFcrpys4crMEIOEMABCI-EWA: BTIIIE{rprr, ro rBme oaErlroTa

221

I nPnBPEAA

pe4Hr.rM fpaHaMa, Kao rrrTo Je 3eM,bo-pa4rba, norpe6aH je ne,rurxz KoMag3eMJbe. Tenrxa uu4ycrpvja xoja upepa-I yj e e e,r.r.rxe Kolur lrrrHe cr4poBr.rHa raKo-le saxreea BeIuKe noBprrrr4He 3eM,be.

Marepuja-nu n pa4ma cHaraMarepuja-r,u rrlopajy aa 6yay yBeK Aoc-TyrrHr4 4a 6u ce HarrpaBvo npoLr3Bo4.tr4nxtemepurraa je norpe6aH rreIHK, anpouseofavuMa HaMeuraja 4peeHarpala. IJena rvrarepraja.na je Bilr(Ha: aKocy cyBaue cKynlr, trpoll3Bo4n, roju ce()4 rr,ux frpaBe, TeIIrKo he ce npo4arz.Enepruja je ocHoBHrr uarepuja,r. Cnnunpr'rBpe4Hr.rM fpaHaMa Je rroTpeoHaeHeprHJa, HapoilnTo e^eKTpr4rrHa KoJar4cro Mopa 6uru 4ocrynua.

{ HasMnroenapHlr qeKnfi HaAeny.ueiucHasMr,rr,lllrorKoir4 ie lr3yMl,ronpBn npaKruqHl,lnapHlr qeKxh1842.

paa je rL6fr cBaKe npon3Boarr,e, a voH MolKe 4a 6y4e je4aH o4 Hajcxyn-irrxQaxropa. Zs ror pa3lora, cBarca rrpuB-pe4Ha rpaHa rpe6a eQnxacuo AaKophcrlr pa4Ho BpeMe ceojux pMnu-xa. Beoua xeaa,uQuxon aHvrx pa Alavtr.aJe Ma,\O 3oof BpeMeHa v HoBrIa,norpe6nrzx 3a rbuxoBy rcea-tuQraxaqujy.Onu saxreeajy eracorce ua4Huqe. Hex-raaaQnrcoeaHv paA je jeQruuaju ra4ocrynwuju. Ilteroea ynorpe6a 3aBucvlo4 eQzxacnocrv MarluHa 14 rrax;Jr.r4BeopraHH3arlrrJe frocia.

Ynorpe6y nexea.,ruQuxoBaHrrx pal-Hznaje yeeo Xenpn (Dopa upe llpeorcBercKor para. OHje MoHTilKy ayroMo-6rz,na npereoprzo y nus je4uocraBHuxnoc^oBa Ha npor{3Bo4HoJ Tpauu.)'PeeonyqniaKOHreiHepa'cpeAltHoM 60-ux20-or eexa jeoMoryfilrnaflaKue pyKo-Balbe TepeToM LlcMalbltnaTpourKoBe.

{ Eepsa ylbyjopxy. JeAaxHaqnH Ha KojllxHAycrpl,licKeSnpue Mory AaAoby AoSoxAoea salrHBecrlrqnie ieAa npoAaiyAeoHlrqe.

)Mo4epxajanaxcxanx4ycrprjcxaieAnnraqa roianpaBlleneKTpoHcKeTOaIere HaBerlrKo. Janaxqncy AaHac BoAefianaqnja y cBeryeneKrpoHcKer,rHAycrpr,rie.

Kannra.nKanvral je Hoeaq. CeaKoNa noc.ly jerroTpeoaH HoBarI Aa ou Morao 4a3arorrHe: Aa 6w ce Kynrro lrarepujarr,Ky[H e uttu vrutajuurre npocropr.rje,n,\aTu H 3anoc^eHH Y TporuKoBr{,nonyT ocBeTJberba pr rpeJarba, npeBo3a,norrrTapr,rHe, rrope3a u ocHrypalba.

Axo Qnpua HeMa AoBo.bHo Karllrrala,nosajrr,r,ryje oa 6anrrc v I4 HeKe QuHan-cr.rjcxe uncruryuuje. Haaonna4a zanopuurherre HoBrIa ce Ha3rrBa KaMara.

Yrrpan-irameBerurzue ynpaBrbarba npe4crae,rajyBura Hu Qaxrop. lloHercag To Ha3raBa-Mo H MeHauMeHT. Ou ce cacroju o4opranz:aquje rrocla u ce eQnracuoo6as/ba. Y ueuagueHT cn?Aa u npo4ajanpoH3BoAa.

Aercqujy riojy cy MeHauepz Hayv'utvrje 4a eeauxe Qupue o6u.+ro npolr3Bo-ae po6y eQurcacrraje oJ Ma rax. Cxopoje yeen jeQrunr.{e HanpaBuTrz BrrrxevcTldx cTBapn, Hero 4a ce Bprue rz3MeHexaxo 6u ce npov3Be o HeKo rIKo pa3-,rurruTprx [poH3BoAa. BehzHa Ao6as-Jbaqa Mareprzja-r.a he ilpo4arr Be prKeKoluquHe jeQruuuje Hero HeKo,l.rrKoMa r4x,Jep To 3axTeBa Marbe pa4a.

3aro HeKe zu4ycrpr.rjcxe rpaHe,norlyr IJeHepa"ur.roropca u Yunaeeepa,cy uefynapo4uvt ruralaTlz' ca ro4vrur-mou npo4ajol'r eehoNa ol yxyrrHor6orarcrea Hexr{x Be HKux 3eMa,ba.

oYo

TeuKa uHnycrpula

Tewrra undycmpuja je rnepMuv, xoju cexopucrnu da 6u ce onuce,tw, npepadacupoawna Mr aenuKo, napouumo zeorcfia,wnuK& u xenuxanuja. Ilpotneodu xojuce do6ujy y meruxoj undycmpuju cenpodajy n yornpe6y y npojexrwnaun@ crnpuj crto e uuffi ercepunea.

TJteurrca ulrAycrpuja o6vxearaI npoH3Bo4rbv pa3^hriuTAx ap.'tLi-

r- Ky a 3a Apyre hHAycTpl4JCKerpaHe r4lrl H3rpaAH,y Be hKnx o6jerra-Ta nonyr MocroBa, 6po4oaa r4tr4)r(ele3HrzarKrrx npym. HacraHan rerlrKewn 4y cr p nje je oKocH h ua uuT,ycr przjcnepeeoa,yuuje xoja je coojy excuaneujy.4o)Kr4Bela y 19. nexy. Yeerc ltoxeuo 4arpelo3HaMo Nlecra y xojrzrr,ra ce o4enjarerlKa- nuaycrpuja, jep cy. 3a j ' 'yrlorpeoHr4 BeAr4Kr4 TepeHpr KOJa AOMr{-uvpajy oKe rrHoM. Craprzje Qa6pnrcecBy4a cy npoy3poxyBaae saraleme, ceurora y reurrroj uu4ycrpvju qehuFra3aIIOC eHI{X qr4He MyUKapIlr4.

Teurrca un4ycrpnla ce paenlrjara y3eMJbaMa ca cLrpoBI{HaMa rr rexHIlyKIzM3HarbeM. Bpurauuia, (Dpanqycrca,Herr.taqxa v CAI cy nocrrlle r aBHrlupolzooolavu raoxfa u qe^r.rKa.

Benuxa rrernopxalo 1900. r: Eprarannja. @paHqycxa,Herr,raqra wCA[ cy npor43Bo4urc 83o/or{elrrna y cBery !,o 7940. ConjercxzCanes je nporr3Bo4rro 13 oh, a saje4uzv-Ka uporz3no4ma Epuraurfe, (Dpanuy-crce, HeNra.{xe n CA!,-aje 6rzaa canro69%. {,o 2005. Kr.rua je 6zra no4ehu

A Gyen AoK yJoxoxaun yJanaxy. Tajcrcreu je 6oruuog cr4cTeManopnnyfia xojnce Kop14cT14 yEpnrannjn.

I TEUJKA r4HAycrPl4JA

Ha ro Moxe aa ce AoAa v -vr4.n>e:u.,u.rJa4a cy MHore 3eM,be y pareojy. roje cyHelr;a1a rrelrzK KyrroBale oa CAA-a wEepone. noqele 4a paseujajy concrBe-He AHAyCTpr.rJe rre^uKa.

Tenrrca lrHlrcerbepvjatr4uxerr'epcne un4ycrpuje, rcr.acuQuxo-BaHe Kao 'TeurKe', cy oHe xoje nporlseo-4e He caMo Tex(e, r oMa3He frpon3Bo4e,eeh A erzrrre po6y r.a rzn4ycrprajy Hero3a 4rzpeKrHy npo4aJy.

Y f oMa3He npoH3Bo4e cna4ajyqe^|4rrHrr rlo yilvpaqr4 3a KoHcTpyK:IIIzJy MOCTOBa, Be HKHX II MOAepHLIxrpaleezua, rtele3HHrrKrrx npyra, AoKo-MOTABa IZ ELIXOBIIX MOTOpa, KaO HrroAyrTvt4yrtvpa-wr. v [ orra aa 6po4orpa4my.

Y po6y xojy xopzcre Apyre wHAy-KoJy Kopllcre Apyre vHAy-cTpvJe cfla4aJy MeTaiHe rr^orre cBHxBpcra v Ae6musa, lr:ao 14 MarxvHcKrrBpcTa r'l r4IJa, IJ"ao v MarxvHcKrlaNaTu KoJrr,ce KoprrcTe 3a ceqelbe,Oytuelbe I4 OOIIIKOBaILe MeTa a.

tr4axo je.6po4orpMma,_Rao v ayro-wH4ycTpvJa, yr aBHoM oa3r{paHa HaCflaJaILy, Be I4r{I,IHa KOMIIOHeHTII KOJece Kopucre je rcr.acu

flaKa uHtrycrpt4iaAaxa undycmpuja je eeomapasuoepcna u o6yxeamanp ous e o drcy nomp ou,auxe p o 6 e,od xpaue do xrcuea, u,a,conlr,ca,odefie, u,au,eu"maja u onpeme sadomahuucmeo.

ajje4Hocraenraja 4eQran ngnjaAaKe r4H4ycTprzJe JecTe 4a ceKa)Ke 4a oua o6yxuara cBe

ocriM rerrrKe ww4ycrpwje, rj. rpale-Br4HapcTBa rr apxrrTeKType, yc^ylKHorceKTopa v 4e aTHocTr4 Kao rxTo JeIIpOH3BOZII'a 4e OBa 3a cKlanaEre Kaorrrro cy ayrouo6ra,nz rz xauvouu. Onano4pa3yMeBa rrporl3Bo4rr,y qI4TaBorcneKTpa npor.r3Boza mlzpoKe rroTpo-rxr6e - oA nopqeJ\aHa 14 cTaK apr4Jeao ilpexpaM6euux ilporr3Boaa nonyrxopnQ,rexca u ueMa; rtlzha o4 r.zua40 Mr4Hepa He BO4e, KaO v AyKcy3Hr,rfrporr3Bo4rr fro[yT HaKrrra.

Y tar

I flAKA r4HAycrPr4JA

PA3HOB PC HOCT I.AKE VtH./y CTPVTJE TErrrKA Vr}l4v CTpnJA OEPAAE CHPoB'IHA

AAKA I{H4YCTPI4JA

a naKa H TeuKanngycrp.nja cy no-Be3aHe,lep TeuKanpoH3BoAlr Ma-repnjane roju ceKopl,rcTe y. naKoluHAycrpnu.

.( Crpyunn MeHaU-MeHT, paAHAUn nBenHKa ynafalbaoApebyiy JananyBoaefiy noeuqujyy enexrponcrojnxgyctpuin,

f'fa"re {a6prir-_cfpysEa pd4aa cdlit?

ffiJG

c

=6

Hoenju rpeH4 y pasvujeuuM seM.r,a-naa je,toqrapame Qa6paxa aKe lan1yc-rpHje y pypa^HHM o6rracrHrraa. !,auacce y no,bonpnBpe4n 3anour,baBaMar6e pa4HnKa, na ce KpeTabe cTa-HoBHrzrrrrBa Ka tpa4oBrrua y6peasa.llpo6neu y pypa^HnM o6,r,acruua jeHelocraraK 4o6por jarHor cao6pa-haja, rar

Ycfly)KHa treflarHocT

Ycnytcua denamuocm ce u,e 6aeunpouseodu>ottt po6e, Kao umo c)Ho6a 6o31uLa, LLuLL qunene. Ouace, Kao urmo caM tra3u+ zoeopu,6aeu npyrcabeM )cn)ea y cexmopy6 anrcap cmea, zpafi e euuap cme a,u,anonpodaje, o1pasoean a us dpaa c me eHe 3 altt mlrme.

\ /cayxua AelarHocr vx,r'vvyje urn-Y poK cneKrap yc^yra 3aJe4Ho ca

.,/ yc^yraMa KoJe npylKaJy AplKaB-He r,r

oKa He B acTr4; cBe BpcTe 34paB-crBeHe 3arrrrvre; o6pasonan e v ucrpa-rxlrBalbe; rpaHcrropr u upo4aja po6e,yunyuyjyhu u Ma^onpo4ajue pa4rse:npoQecuoualHe yclyre xao ruro jeKTbUTOBO4CTBO, OCUrypaEe H npaBHOcaBeToBarbe: KoMYHa He vc/\vre Kaouno je cna64eearbe BoaoM. iuao" ,crpyjov; sa6aeHe rrae4rzje; xorele. Ke-Tepr.rHf rr TypH3aM.

Y paenzjeHuu 3eM,baMa Eepone,CAI-y, Aycrpa,ruju u Janauy, y yc^yllt-Hoj Aeaarnocrlr je 3arrocleH HajeehuopoJ paAHI4Ka.

.

Y Epr,rranuju, 79,5"h.pa4He cHareJe 3anoc^eHo y yc^yxHoJ Ae aTHocrLl.

C 4pyre crpaHe, y tr4w4wju carro 23o/o3afroc^eHr4x padv y yc^y)KHoJ 4e^aT-Hocrr.{. Y cnponaaulnajavr 3eMrava.nponopuuja je jour Malba. 04 saepruer-na fpyror cBercKof para 1945. ro4u-He. yclylKHa 4elarHocr y paseajeHur,,r3eMJE,aMa je 6rz,na rpaHa enouon,rrzje caHajezure aKTHBHocrrr. Tanee 3eM,beuuajy yc.ryxtHy eKoHourajy. CAI je6uaa npea 3eM./ba xoja je pa3BH a raK-ey exouovujy. Kacuuje roKoM 60-rzx n70-ux r 20. a., oraj npIzHIInn nparnlecy B prlraurzja, (Dpaurlyc

I ycnyxHA AEflATHocr

TopaHVMa, aKTuBHocrH y c,to6o4HorraB peMeHy, rolHlIIIr'HX o4Mo pa.

Je4Ha oa Kapaxrepucrrixa.yc y)KHeleAaTHocTHJecTe la oHe v MaJy Be HKyrroTpeoy 3a pazHoM cHaroM,Jep ce TaK-BLr rroc^oBH He Mory MexaHrz3oBaTrz.llo npanuay nocao y yc,ryxnoj Ae^ar-HOcTrr He 3axTeBa oA paA}{IlKa Be HKyQnazvxy cHary, TaKo Za yr aBHoM ?r(eFrepa4e y ToJ 4e^arHocrr4.

Bpcre yc^yrallocroje ZBe ocHoBHe Bpcre yc^yra, yc-,ryre Hrrxer paHra v Br,r[rer paura..{,e- arHocr t4 Hr1lKer paHr-a cy yobrz.raJeHey cBLrM 3eM6aMa, 6u,ro 4a cy paseujeHer.r.r rz y pa r c oj y. Ty cn aaaj 1' r',r a,ro n po4aj a.rrPeB()3 H rurrpoK cneKTap MerxoBrzTHXlelarHocrrz. Oeanee yclyre cy norpe6-He 3a cBaKo4HeBHr{ }trIBOT.

llpo4aeHuqe, ayro6ycne 14 ?r(e^e3-HHqKe CTaHHUe Cy CMerXTeHe y O H3rl-HH Hace,r,eHux o6,racrr-r. f,\aeHa pa3 H-xa rzauely paserzjeHe H 3eM,be y pa3-eojy, rcao rrrro cy I{.aua4a u flarcucrartjecre y roMe rlrro 6orarraja 4pyrurBaHy4e Blzue coQzcruqupaHzx yc^yfa.,4>yau o6asmajy KynoBuHy, yr aBHoM,y cynepMapKeTvMa Bvrue Hero Ha oT-BopeHr{M 3e,teHuM nrzjaqarvra.

Yc,ryre BlrcoKor paHra no4pasyveeajycBe rrrrroBe ocr4rypaE a, rue[yHapo4Hor6aaxapcrea, rproBuHe po6oM z 6ep:au-cKe yc^yre, BHCoKo o6pasoearue u jasayaAMvIHvrcrparlvjy. Ilruxon a 6pura aucycBaKo4HeBHe norpe6e qoBeKa, eeh 4e- arHocr Be3aHa 3a v3Bo3 n vBo3 u o6v-qaBa*e pa4HhKa. Aonarlrzja oBe Bpcreyc^yra He nropa o6aeesuo 4a6yAe rropeaHeKOf Hace,tba. oee 4e,r,arHocrttcy o6u-rIHO

OIII{paHe y BeInKrrM rpa4OBrZMa,TaKO 4a rbr{xoBu rariJeHTLl, KoHKypeH-Tvr H capaAluLlrlt4 Mofy

aKo 4a ao\y aonrzx. floc"to4aBrJz 3arrour,r,aeajy o6yve-Hy pa4Hy cHarv v3 Tr,rx rpMoBa, a vt{-

228

{ Y eemruama ypa3Bojy, orBope-Ha 3eneHa nHja-qa lrMa ynorycynepMapKera3anaAlbaqKorcTnna.

) Cynepuap-KeTU npeAcTa-Brbaiy BenlrK,lAeo ycnyxHe Ae-narHocrl,r.36()rcBoje Beru'{!rHe,oH14 MOry Aa no-HyAe 3anocnelbeBen!rKoM 6poiyIby+n, noce6HoxeHcKoj nony-naqltiH. Manon-poAaia cnaAa yHlrcKopaHrlrpaHeycnpKHe Aenar-HOCTl,l.

) CAA, npea3eMrba Koia iepa3Blrna ycflyx-Hy eKoHoMlriy,ltMa npeKo 76%3anocneHux yroi AenarHocrH.Janax je eemruaKOja nMa MHOrOBefilr npou3-BOAHIT CeKTOplr cfleAef,a ieHa necTBl4rlu ca67,70/o 3anOCne-H'rx y ycnyxHoiAerarHocr14.

Qpacrpynrypa onroryhyje 3arrocleH HMa4arryryjy Ha Be^r.rKoM no4pyvjy. Behunao6yveuor- oco6,ta cacroja ce oa 'clyx(-oeHr4Ka - oHrzx KoJn paAe Ha MeHauep-crulu, n poQecuoHai H r,r M, a Alur4Hrtcr pa-TT4BHHM MeCTUMa KaO rZ Ha pMHHM MeC-rrzn,ra noja cy Be3aHa ra npoaajy.

Onrl y'n,r.aeuN4 yHrzQopuaua' cy paq-nuqu xojrz o6ae,rajv Quezvne lr npaK-rr.'rqHe I rocn oee.Y yc,ry;+rHoj 4e.ra-rHoc rrzoBa BpcTa pa4HHKa paAvl \ ' ou acTHTpaHcnopra, eleKTpocHa64eearr,a, ra-coBo4a H Bo4oBo4a a y o6,racrn nparc-TIITIHHX IC ATHOCTA OKAAHIIX BAACTII.Ocralu MaHVe HH paglukrL\ll 3anoc eHrrcv y MaiHM ,\oKan.Hr]M vc^yxiHnM ceK-TOpHMa KaO rUTO Cy ayTOMeXaHr.rqapCKepa4Ee, Bo4orrHcTa aTepcKe paArbe uvane rpaleuuHcxe Qrzpue.

{pxanrre yc^yreYc,tyre ZplriaBHor ceKTopa nocroje, jepnocrojrl norpaxrlba 3a rbrrMa. MHore yc-,r.yre npyxajy npr4BarHa npe4yseha.

Y cearvr 3eMJbaMa, Jpxaea o6es6el1,jeocHoBHo o6pa:onane. Yecra je nojaeaAa Ap:xaaa o6ea6elyje Iz cpeznoruKol-

cxo o6pasoeame. MHore 3eMJbe, r'anofe,nMaJy 34paBcTBeHy 3aruTr{ry KoJy ,4p-xaea Qunaucupa. {pNaBa npyxa no-[rraHcKe \clvre. IJeHrpa,ure u OKa\HeB,\acTr,r rpa4e rr ozp,+iaBaJv rryreBe, a yHeKHM 3eM,r,aMa npy;*iaj1 rJ \clvre avro-6ycnor, 2r(ele3Har{Kor H aBr4o npeBo3a.fpxraea je sa4y;xena 3a o4p)fiaBariepeAa v 3aKOHa, Kao LI VIIpaBLarbe cy4-crBoN{. Spxaua Mopa za o6es6eau rio4opaMbeHe opv;+(aHe cHare.

F +by4ynHocrPa:eoj ayroMarn3arlraje n nov rrjvrep-CKOI- yIIpaBAarba V npOpI3BOl]t'u 3HarI144a je cee Maule H MaH,e n>yAlr norpe6-uo ga 6u ce ypaaHla r.rcra KolurrriHanocla. KounjyrepcKr4 TepMriHalri no-Be3aHrz ca T aBHLIM oKBupoM Y qes-rpanuoj 3rpa4r ouoryhyjy MHorrrMc,tvx6eur.rqnMa Aa pa4e v us rcyhe,rraK H u3 zpyre 3eMJbe. Oeo 4oeo4r.r 4oaerleHTpalrrsaqHje MHorttx BHcoKopaHrlipaHax yc^yra.

I4croeperveH o r,yAV ranlajy erzure c,ro-6o4Hor BpeMeHa 3a Zpyre aKTLIBHocrrr14To BoZH 4,o encnaHsuje yclvra sa6aee.

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79.57976.475,2757471.568.367.764.66J45442923

Ono cy npr6nlrx(Hlr npor{eHr}r H3 2005.

l-f pvtBpetra 3eMa rba y pa3BoiyII ononpuep e d a d omuuup aexonomujatv,a ) 3eMtbaMa )paseojy. Ilpuxodu nxux 3erw,atbacy necpasmepnu y nopefiem'y canpuepedom. y paseujeuoM c6emy.

asnoj rlu4ycrpuje w yc^yra saxre-Ba rrpu,tprB o4pelene Kolurrr{HeKarruTa^a rz TexHo^oruKy cTpyrr-

Hocr. Te aKTrrBHocrLr rzlraiv unoroeehy npo4yKTt4BHocr .to sar;oc,ne"or.36or rora eehlrHa pa4Hlar.a y paserzje-Hr,IM 3eMAaMA I-jMa peAaTUBHO BvtCOK)KlrBorH H cr aH AapA y nopel e rsy ca xrvt -BoroM tbyAvr y 3eM,baMa y paaeojy.

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BHII no r aBH craHoBHr4Ka ce Mepv HaocHoBy BpeaHocrlr cezx po6a wyc^y-ra npor3Be4eHnx y roj serrl,nra roKoMJe. He ro4rrHe, rro4e,beHo ca opoJeMCTAHOBHI4KA,

Y eehp{Hr,r 3eMarr,a y pasnojy xojecy, ro Ceercrtoj Eanqra, 2005. zrraa,reilpocelrHpr EHfI rr.rarrz oa 10 725 USD,nonorrpr,rBpe4a je eaxHzja oA AHAyc-rpuje. flpr,rape4e 3eMa-/ba y parnojy ceBeoMa paearzrcyjy.jep raj reprr.rnH o6yx-Bara h 3eMJbe 6orare HaQrorr,r Kao [.lro

je CayaujcxaApa6wja,y xojoj je 2005. rEHII zsHocwo ll770 USD. MosaN{6uxje 2005. r' rzMao EHII no r aBr4 craHoB-Hr'rxa - ceera 310 USD.

Pas,\Hxa usr..rely pasnujenzx z ee-MaJtsa y pa3BoJy Je oqrr r^e4Ha He caMous EHII, eeh u lra4a ce rrorleaa rblr-xoBa paaHa cHara. 2005 r, npr., je yro"torrprrBpe4v y tr4u4uju 6rr,r,o sa-rlocleHo 60oh ny Aw, y r.ru4ycrpwju 17 o/o,a y yc^yraMa 23"/o. Aor< y Epraranajray no,bonprzBpe4w je sanocaeHo 1,5olopa4He cHare, y un4ycrpuju l9o/o, a yyc^yraMa 79,5o/o.

Vlla^4ycrpwjatrwaqujatr4 n 4y cr p nja.'' utaguja H rzj e j e4n H rz Qa x-rop pa:eoja. Cne ,ry4cxe aKTrrBHocrr.r,yrusytyjyhw ro.bonprrBpe4y, yc,r.yre, o6-pa3oBarbe H 34paBCTBo y jeaHoj 3eM,6r.ruopajy ga ce npoMeHe, aKo )r{eluMo Zace oHa vo4epnusyje.

A Oa6pnxa rBoxba n qeruKa ylAn4nin. Paseojnn nporpau 14ngujece ocralba Ha npoieKTe 3axreBHey nomeAy KanlrTara..( V Sa6pnKama Ko)

I nPnBPEAA 3EMAJbAy PA3BoJv) Iyra, nynaxoxrejnepa y XoxrKoxry. Xoxr Konr jernaBHll 1,|3BO3H1,lK3aHaTCKl,rX npolr3-BoAa, xoje npaenBeura, anu je$rrxapaAHa cHara.

V 3a paseoj eroxo-unje norpe6xa jenpoMeHa y crpyK-rypH paAHrqKeKnace. Betn AeopaAHlrKa y 3eMrba-ua y paeeojyjou yaer paAlr ynorbonpuBpeAlr.Befinna paAHuKa ypasenjexnu 3eMrba-Ma paAr y rep-qujanrou (ceeu-reHcTBo, TpaHcnoprr ycnyre) lr ceKyH-AapHoM (eauar-cxolr) ceKropy.

orrux yc^yra, xoje ce s6apuo soeyun

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I4u4ycrpujcKe peBo^yqraje y Enpouz,Hnp., cy 6u,te o6e,r,exeHe reKcrt4,roM.3arrav cy Aorxlrr reoxle rd qelr.rK, a 3attltMa rexHhqKh npon3BoAu y rcojnua

-' ce KopHcrH .re,\ux. Y cxopuje epeue jeHaf acaK Ha e^eKTpoHvr\r4 vr MtrKpoe- eKTpoHHrIrz.. Melyrau, 3eM,r,e y pa3-BoJy He MopaJy HylKHo Aac^e4e TaKBeura6.rone. One rnrory 4a crBope wHAyc-rpajy rexnuqKux rpokt3BoAa,a Aa caueHe rrpolr3Boge rnoxle u rrelux, Moryaa paseujy nn4ycrpnjy MHKpoe eKrpo-IJl]Ke,A Aa Hrrcy [pBO OCHOBaAe Be rrKEwu 4y cr pujcxlr ceKro p._Je4an npncry-n 3a 3eMAe y paseojyOH Morao Aa ce Oa3vpa Ha ,4peBHV M 3a-HaTt,IMa, KaO IIITO Cy TKarbe V KOBaIbernoxla. Mnore raKBe rpaHe cy ylavrtn-rene s6or nonrcypenqajejeQrune po6eMacoBHe npou3Bo4rbe rcoja ce yBo3HLt3 KOJ\OHTZJaJ\HT,TX Be eCH^a, MaAa Cy yyAa;,eHIllM Ae OBHMa CBeTa IIpe)KuBe-AV TpaAU\VOHa Hpr 3aHaTId.

Joru je4aH.eaxaH Qarcrop y paseojyLrHdycrPVJe Je npepaAa oKa HHx Ma-repujaa.a. Ilpraepe4e MHorux 3eMaJbay passojy jou yeerc ce oc,larsajy Harz3Bo3 JeAHOr rIAv ABa npr4po4Ha pe-

A Ka,rHecKnlba y'xyf,xoj'paArunnpaBlr ararKe 3anorbonplrBpeAy.Knna nua u MareSa6pnxe ca nyHo

Ar paflHllKa H reuKyb l,rHAycrpl,uy 3a-< xreBHyy norneAy3 KanlTana.

Oa6prKaayroMo6ura yEpasuny.3a nn-Aycrpuie nonyroBe norpe6aH ieBe'|ltKl,t KanltTa'|,anu cy npoolr-Ta6ltnHe, aKo ceKOpXCTe '|OKaI-H14 Marepxiafl]r.

; { IlnacrnqHo r{Be- } Yqerue ruo-Q fie ce pyqHo npaBlr AepHlrx rexHnKaf; y Jyxxoj Kopeju. 3l,rAalba.3eurueE JeQrr,rxa paAna ypa3Bojy HeuaiyE cxara je craenna o6y.teHy paA-_J Jyxny Kopejy Hy cHary na ce

ueby 15 rajeefinx ceocKo craHoB-> 1,t3BO3H1,lKa. H]4UTTBO O6yqaBa.

cypcay nenpepalenoM rl H no^ynpe-paf euor,a crarby. To sHaqz aa re 3eM,6eHe prcxopt4rrrhaeajy ceoje pecypce ynornyHocrlr. Ha npzlrep, qeHa 3pHaKaKaoBrJa ce noeeha lxa4a ce nperBopey KaKao npax. IJeHa KaKao npaxa ceAoAarHo noeeha, aKo ce oH nperBo-pu y r{oKo a4y. Pazttwr

: nPilBPEAA 3EMAJbAv PA3BoJv

Illa4ycrpwja y futqlloxyruajz laHe 4a npoMeHH ceojy npv-Bpely cy or e4a^o MHorI{x 3eMaJba ypasnojy. Y BpeMe rco,tonuja,r.z3Ma, rlpl4-Bpe4a re 3eMJbe ce 3acHI,IBaAa Ha vI3'Bo3y rrpHMapHrzx npor43Bo4a - KaKaoa,3lara, 4ujavauara, MaHraHa, 6oncrara(pyae a.nyurznajyrr,ra) rz ZpBeHe rpale.

I4srrrely rlpela3Hor pelrelr'a o caMo-ynpaB,4'arby, 4o6rajenor 195 L ro4unerr rryHe He3aBrrcHocru, 4o6ujene 1957,lrrzrbeHrr cy Hanopu 4a ce flooo,bluaocHoBHa zuQpacrpynrypa re lp)fiaBeTaKO rUTO Cy Ce rpa4rr'\e rIrKoAe, oo^-Hr4rle, nyreBr.r rr yKe. 1957. ce flpol43-Bollr,a cacroja.ta oz Ma^vx, yr aBHoMTpa4zrIrzoHa HI,IX npe4y3ena, Kao IuTocy gecrz^eprlje, rlef eme yJba,T:ratbe HneKapcKe paatt'e. B,ra4aje no4cruua awu4ycrpuje xoje 6u 3aMeHI,I e yBos rrQa6pune 3a npepa4y cHpoBr'IHa rlorryrKaKaoa v zpBeHe rpale.

IaHa uena ropnBo. na 3ay3Aanabe fperce Bo,rra paA\vt v3rpaame xu4po- |e eKTpaHe je 6rzo Heonxo4Hl.l rcoparc. *Epaua Axocon1o npeKo Bo,tre je sa-BprrreHa 1966, a e eKTpr.IrIHa eHep-ruja ce ycMepaBa^a xa npr.ro6arHrzlrrpazoBv Ma v py Aap.cKr4M H 3aHaTcKrrMr1eHrpr4Ma I ue.r.oj jyxuoj IaHz. Behu4eojeQrune e eKTpHqHe eHepruje ceKopprcTno 3a ToflrloHrrlIe aAyMLIHI4JyMarcoje je eo4raaa je4Ha aMepLIqKa Kopno-parlkrja Kajsep Any*tunujyt+r, y Tevru. A"trzA vepr,r naH rlrz ua je 6n,to ucnrrar munnie4a Kopr.rcre yBo3Hy rua"\vTpy, Hefo oo-Kcrrr rr3 laue, na je rano rorIHoHVIlaIrMa^a Marbe Ba)rcHy y^ory y ilprrBpe4rlHefo rrrro cy ce v4epu lane :ua4al.v.

KonaucToxov 60-r,rx r. 20. e. je 3anocleHocry 3aHarcrBy laHe nopac,ta ua 6,87ool yKynHe paaHe cHare. 36or aourernlaHt,tparla, xopynqnje. Be HKTIX no-sajuuqa r,13 riHocrpaHcrBa, cMarr,eHor -Hr4BOa rrpor.r3Bo4lbe ua Qapuaua, c^a-6e rlcxopaurheHocru uH4ycrprljcrcr,rx6umat

CeocKl4 )l(uBoT Y 3eM'baMay pa3Boly{ Xnaor ypauJrpKaHnMeajeAHuqanra yganagxoj lAaauiuogeuja ce oKox3BOpa.O6paaneo3eMrb],illTe ceHaBOAlbaBa.

V Konn6e oAcyueHor 6nataHa ocrpBy peKeHurep y Manujyf lHqe HaHaHlr3aHe nepne.Craxoannqrcera, no3Harllxao Gorran,x],|Be y Ben],tK]rMxonn6aua caKpoBoM oArpcKe n vyaajynpoco 1,1n],|pl,rHaq yMAT}IMXl,lTHl,lqaMa.

Jbvt Mory 4a KoprzcTe n yBo3He MaTe-puja"te.-Mnore ceocKe ryhe y rpon-cKrlM OO aCTIIIMA CA,4a npaBe KpOBOBeo4 rra6opanor reoxfa. \4axo wsrtre4ajyHeyr^e4Ho, oHw cy oTrropHrr Ha BaTpy,BOAy 14 3a pa3^r4Ky O4 TpCKe, y H,r-rMa CeHe TOMLI aJy LIHCeKTV.

Ce-no je r aBHr.r o6,ulx pypalHe Ha-ceoovHe, KoJa Moxe Aa ce rloAel-v Ha4Ba OCHOBHA Tarrai ryCTO HaCe,beHO uparurpxaHo. Y rycro Hace.beHoM Tlrnyxyhe u Apyre 3rpage cy rycro rpynr4ca-He, rrecTo oKo HeKor BalKHoI MecTa Kaoruro je 6yHap rau r1eHTpul^rru clal'oc.YueHTpy Be aKor HH4HJCKOT Ce a Oouq-Ho ce Hala3e ryha r aBHor 3eMjborro-ce4HHKa, npocropraje sa eaHar,tuje,IIIKO a, IIOIIITa v KtHAyLICTLIqKLT xpaM

,{,aunc ono norln caenlcKozcnurlroerrurrrrnaa Jru6u y pypanmmo1nacmuNa - cenrr,rvt&, patumptarnntSapnepcru,n ryltnma wru uotndaruuxac e o6utuxa,. Y cuponaumnM a eM,tbaai,ay paseojy nydu sapalyjy ra, rctr,6orn,zajehu ycese u,tlu donahe ffiu,lornntbe.

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I{srne4 ce",raCpo4creo uely cranoBHuquMa irecroBeoMa yrvire Ha rz3r e4 ce"La. Y HeKLTMZe,l.oBrzMa AQprzrce polaqz o6z.rHoN(r{Be y xo,tu6aua, nocraB,beHkrrrr 6,tusyjegue 4pyrurr,ra. Koa.z6e cy nocraB.beHeKpy?KHo, oKpeHyTe npeMa r_IeHTpa^HoMoTBOpeHOM npOCTOpy, a )$vrBa orpa4aMolre aa 4ea,rl xo"r,u6y rror aBr{rle oZocrartux. Yo6zuajena Qopua ceNa, MaAacBe Burue y ona4awy. jecy cela ca Ko H-6artay o6"lzrcy KorxHr4qa y rzcrouHoj vjyxuoj AQpuqrz xoje cy rocraB,beHeoKo ooopa 3a cToKy r4^r4 Kpa a.

3a paa,rraxy 04 oBora, y l{,zww my4unoruryjy rrpuBarHoc! na o6u.ruo rpa4e3tz4oBe oKo npocropa y xojeu )Kr4Be.Mnora KVHecKa cela cy carpalena uaocHoBy noilyT. MeTaIHrzx perxeTKH,cBaKo vMarr,e Je oKpeHyTo yHyrpa vf^eAay zBopt4rxre y cpeAIlIIJw.

Ha.rurr )KlrBoraHe csz n'yAu y pypa HLIM o6,tacrurrazuajy cra.rue naceo6vne. llorvra4crolHapOALI y nyCTVIr'aMa !I CTenaMa )KLIBey KaMnoBrzMa xoje nocrae,oajy rAe vwaAOBO,4,HO TepeHa 3a Vrclrailry v Boae 3arbvxoBy croxy. flo rrorpe6ra, HoMaAr{ ceje4HocranHo naxyjy z xpehy y HoBeo6,tacrz. Yo6uvajenr.r o6-r,zrc naceo6uneje s6rzjeno ce,no. Mnora ce,ta yAQpzqz234

.( Ceno 'Fypxa'Ha XrManaiuMa.Y nnannxcxrwrceIuMa MHoreKyfie cy oAKaMeHa 6e3npo3opa.

)Cena coieHuqay yBafllr Ha3anaAHoi o6annA$pnxe. Ceno14Ma ]4AeanHyno3grrluiy 3aplr6onoB.

VY ceocxrrvl3aieAHlrr{aMaVngue, ycnoBllxl4Bora Cy !lAarbe yxacHlr y3urlrpoKopacnpocrpaHyHeyxpalbeHocr.

Lr AeAoBvMa Asr{e ce onynrajy onoje4He nopo4u\rHe rpyne r4tvr cBv cra-HoBHHqH npnnaaajy jeaHoj erHnvrcojrpynv. ,\tyau y ycKo rroBe3aHAM ceoc-rcr.ru aaje4Hraqarr,ra capalyjy u exonorvr-cKvr, H 4pyrrrTBeHo.

Y rrnorvv 4e,ronrlua AQpvKe, tr,yArr. cyrrfiBelrz y s6zjeHzu celrrMa s6or saje4-HvrrKe 3alrrrzTe. Y npour,rocrrr, ToKoMerHHqKhx paroBa w,w y 6op6u npo I r.1B oBarla na po6oee, zv je 6ra,ta norpe6-Ha 3arrrrura. Mnora cela, rrorryr oBzx yceBepHoMToroy. ocHoBaHa cy Ha Bpxo-nuv'a 6pAa ca xojux cy craHoBHrzrIrzMorlrz ^aKo za ce 6pane w aa o6pa\yjyVHTH3VBHO nOJI'a Ha TeDaCaMa HanaAAHaMa 6paa. Koaouujina oceaja-r+,a AQpzxe AoHe,ta cy cra6z,r.nujeycloBe. CranoeHuqv cy Hanycrr4^Ll

MHora ce^a Ha BpxoBHMa bp4a-n npe-ceAV,\H ce y PaBHLlqapcKe oo^acTrl.Burue Hzcy Keprrcrulr.r rp4vtrlvoHa^-He Mero4e r.rHTeH3rlBHe o6pa4e serr.t-hvrrrrra xoje cy 6zle norpe6He Ha repa-caua. Yuecro rora, flpvMerr'LlBalv cycHCTeM xojrz ce Ha3vBao npeopaBarberpMoBt4Trzx o6-lacrz, .rraue 6u rrpequn-haea,\u rr npvnpeMatr 3a o6pa4y,4pyry rr>LrBy cBaKe ro4rzHe. Oeaj pora-ulloHrl oo HK oopale 3eMJbutrxra HHJe3axTeBao To I,IKO MHO|O pala.

Ilh-rpoxo pacyra nony.naqnj aParurpxaHocr ceocKor craHoBHvtrrrrBacrBapa o je npo6,r,eue sa e,racru, nojecy r4Male MHoro noreruxoha y o6es6e-luearr,y ocHoBHrzx yc yra 3a parrrrpKa-Ho craHoBHururBo. Behrzna r.ita4a cMa

)CepTnro BunnFaQa6yca - 49.Hnopo Myxauannn'6oxaxcxuxpalu'-Hanyurra ceojynanary canparlboM. HapogHnopa y Yrax4nje xexa4a nuaopasenjexyApyr!rBeHyoprannaaqnjy xaveny xoje je 6uoMyxaua, ann1967.KparbeBcTBoHnopo jeg6aqeHo.

Vfleqa y uKonlly eTuoncKoMceny. Oxo 87%ErnonruanaX(l,lBl,l y Cefll4Ma.

no4crrrqe paseoj jesrpoBtrrrix ce;ra oxor43Boprrrxra, rrrKola, 6o,tHrzua rz nporr3-eolaunzx uecra 6,r.rzsyje4uo 4pyrolr. YTausawuju B,la4a je ocHoBalaje:rponury zaje4r.wqy yjartraa (nonepa-rA BHa ce,ra) xoja ce opraHr43yjy nocoqrlja,rucrzr{KoM npvHrluny. 36orrora, AeKapLr cy Aocrynnv ea 807onyAu. OA 70-ux r 20. e., vrelyrriM, eno-HoMcKH rrpo6,relrz npuvopaeajy ThH-3aHkrJy Aa cMal],r4 coqr.rJa^He TporrrKoBe.

Apyre npoMeHe y pypa^HVM Haceo-6usava. Hacrale cy no [pecraHxyKO OHT.{a He B aaaBVHe, Ita4a Je3eM-7ba, noja je Qopua"ruo 6nna y pyxa-Ma eBporrcKrrx Ko oHII3aTopa, rroHoBoepaheHa

oKa HoM craHoBHrrrrrBy.Yp5auusaguja je eaxan

I cEocKr4 xr4Bor y 3EMJuAMA y pAsBoJy

Pasroj ce.naErconoucru Hanpe4aK y 3eMrbaMa ypa3BoJyJe rruTalbe rrpellrBarba HoBrIa yuu4ycrpuje Be,rrrror o6uua n npojexreKoJr,r cy cTarIHoHHpaHr.r o,\n3y rpa4oBarr y rpa4oBrEua. Br,rrno je noeeharrano"bonpuBpe4Hy npou3Bo4rby u ata6-AeBatre ceocKr.rx o6,racru unQpacrpyrc-TypoM Kao ruTo cy e^eKTpxqHa eHep-ruja, ncnpanHa Boaa ea nuhe, caHuretBrrure rrrKoia n rryrega. Ees oeorno6oyrurama, y6psaHa rtrnrparlrlja ceoc-Kor craHoBHuurrBa y rpaaoBe he ceHacraBr.rrH. Csra npojercrn uopajy nax-Jbvlr'o Aa ce ocMuc e. Mnorz norcyruaju4a ce uoseha no.borrplrBpe4Ha [porr3-Boar+,a yeolerlernr eBpoflcKr,rx prru:z' ce-BePHOaMepUrrKnx MeTo4a qecTo cy ceJe [oKa3ain HeycflelrHt4M vt Lr3asBaj\ld

236

A Pera Hnn u KaHaru 3aHaBoAlbaBalbe cy H MecTo 3anpabe BeuJa, Kynalbe HBoAOCHa6AeBalbe Bef, ],|He ceocKorcTaHoBHl.ilUTBa y ErXnry n Hnnnocraie x3Bop 3apa3e.

{ flriaUa y CyKpy - BefirHa po6e,HaiqeuJfie cBex(e noBpf,e, ce Bnurepa3Melbyiy Hero urro ce npoAaiy.

Be,\nKy uITery fro )KnBoTHy cpe4r4Hy.floeuaro je 4a KaHa flo rp4LlqLrvr

Bo,rr{ flp}rBarHoct na o4 50-r.rx ro4.20.eeKa Kr,rHecKa KoMyHrrcrrrrrKa n,ra4a jerpancQopuvrcata ceocna Ayrnrn,a,oQopuneurz KoMyHe ulr4 KoAeKTvBeoA20utv Burrrece a. lbyauy KoMyHa-ua saje4nuurcw noce4yjy 3ewr,y lr cBacPe4cTBa 3a rro,bonpnBpe4Hy npoLl3-Boarr,y. Melyrrau, y MHorrrM 3eM,6aMa ypaseojy )byAy cwar pajy aa je Ko eKrLr B-Ha fro,bonpvBpeAa ca vHTeH3LrBHr4Mpreurheu Blare y noJbonpnnpe4uojrpaHlr nperaauleuo u 3acrapelo peru-eme. flopo4nrle ce cBe Bvure [oacrurryaa o6pafyjy ceoja ur'.rarna rryreM sajrrao-Bav Apyltx cruuy,raquja. Braruar< npo-Qrlra rrloxe 4a ce ynorpe6u za orBapa-rbe rrpzBarHux npe4yseha.

{ Baxxu apr}rKnl,r ce npou3BoAe y3aApyxGl,rM paAlbaMa cena yTansaxnjn. Oxe cy Hacrane Kaonpolr3BoA 6penAa a$p],|qKorcoqlriarlr3Ma.

V PaAxnqn BoAe 3anpere Kolba llBOIOBa Ha BenlrKOM l,rMarby yt'lnney. flpeeaanfexe rHeeoxKacHe MeroAe o6paAe3eMrburlJra ycnopHre cy pa3BoiqHneaHcKe eKoHoMl{ie.

Crpouanrrno y pypaNrrrMob^acrEMa

Ilo,ronpznpe4a je r"taenv Lr3Bop npv-xo4a 3a cvpoMaruHe c oJeBe, a cupo-MaIIITBO - MepeHO HIiCKITM npI4MaII'u-rraa - je eehe y pypa^HrrM o6aacrauaHero y rpatoBuMa. OYH upoueu,yjy aay aehrlHu 3eM?Llra ceocKa nony.naqzjasapafyje 25 ao 50% Marbe oA craHoB-HurrrrBa y rpa4oBt4Ma. florc cy yp6aneo6aacrv y 3eMJbaMa y paaeojy vecronpeHace/beHe, vMaJy .\oilIe caHpITeTcKeyc oBe u saratleuy r'o4y, Qarcropurronyr c^aoe LrcxpaHe, He4ocraraKo6paaoeama pI Ma.na oqeKuBarba oZxvBoTa yoflrrrTe cy, feHepaiHo, MHofojauu y ceocKHM cpe4rrHaMa. Oxo 50%nyaw je r:raczQurcoeaHo Kao cupoMaru-HO y Pypa HHM oO acTr{Ma y ceBepHoMEpaeH,ry, r4e r,rHaire x{iuBw 30"/" yKynHeIIoIIy^ar]r.rJe oBe 3eM e.

Hajcuporvraruwwjw myAu -cy o6nvHo

nO,bOlpLrBpeAHIlULI Oe3eM"6aIIIll,noce6Ho y o6,lacrr,rnra r4e je noJbo-nprrBpe4Ha npora3Bo4rba c aoa r4 r4enocroje ruoryhnocru 3arroclen a ce3oH-cxor rrzrra. Clrporuaurreo je noce6nonprzcyrHo y o6rracrznra rAe je 3eM,bHuJ-re noperraeheHo ca crpaHe qoBena, raeJe 4orll^o 40 epo3rrJe rz ryor.rTKa rr 04-Hof 3eM./br,rrura. Cupor',rarurBo je, TaKo-le, npzcyruo y MecrrrMa noja cy noro-lena npupo4HuM Herrofo4aMa, KaoIIITO CV CVIUC U NOIIJ\ABC.

Mnoilrv ;oy4ana H3 ceocKax saje4nu-qa Hprcy AocTynHe 3ApaBcTBeHe lro6paaoene ylyre. O6paaoname jeBalKHO, Jep oopa3oBal{Ill .byAr4 vMaJyBzrue [raHce 4a nat1y n,nahen [ocao 04qera HMa Kopr.rcTH rbr'txoBa flopo4uuauqe"ra saje4nuqa. Peuraearre npo6a,eruaceocKor cupoMarrrTBa y 3eMJbaMa y pa3-eojy je je4al: o4 uajeehrax v3a3oBa yHacrynajyh rz rr,r 4eqeHnjarr,ra.

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CeocKu )t(uBoTy pa3BufeHHM 3eMrbaMaT

Tpaduquorwtuo evalecrn cetw cat4pxaou,, ceocnrl,M xutuw)rvt u,'AIAOTTCHIIM Ce^dcltIvt rc1hAtn, W Atedaxao da je epene cmaw, Anu ca

- nowrnnoryr undympujcxe peeony4uje,xpajen 18. eexa, rcrreornM, cenJdoxueeo je senuv! mpatuSopnaqujy.

J Jercaaa cy ceocKe saje4HnrleJ-f 6u,re oKpeHyre ce6u. "4>y,lu cy

I lo6pafaea,rH 3eMJby krAV ce6asv u cpo4HHM pa4rr,awa. Tianu.rHoeBponcKo ce,to rrocraio je npororunceocKe saje4Hnqe H Ha KoHTrzHeHTuMaxoje cy EeponraHr,r Ko,toHrr3oBa,tIz,

Cnopo cBaxo ce,l,o y Eur,r.ecnoj Hacra-:ro je 4o 1086, rca4a ce je nojaun-ta uKmzra 3eMlbonoceaHlrKa, rrpBa 3Ba-HHrrHa uuQopNaarluja o B,tacHHTIlaMa yEnraecxoj. Cera ce Hucy Merr,a a 4o 18.B. Ao [o,borrpr.rBpelHe peeo,lyqzje xojaJe ux HerroBpaTHo rlpoMeHv^a.

.4>yaw ca cela, rcoju cy 3aBvrcvtu oA3anpe)fiHHx )nrlBoTtrrba Kao ruTo cyKoFbH H Bo oBH, Mor H cy aa nyryjyHeKOJ\HKO KH OMeTapa AHeBHO IIO orrrlrM, rrpJr'aBlrM apyMoBHMa, na je u

oo^acl y KoJoJ cy npo4aBa^Lr frpoa3Bo-4e, 6utv orpaHprr{eHa. Crora je nono-rrprzBpela 6u,ra yclrepeHa caMo HanoTpeoe J\oK;LAHor CTaHOBHUTTUTBa.

Tpa4uqzoHa^Ha cela QyHr

f cEocKr4 xr4Bor y pA3Br4JEHr4M 3EMJbAMApacKpcHHrle H H, v c,rvvaj1, pH6apcr*rxce:\r, v rrpno6a,rr,.

O4a6wp Mecralpvne cela rrecro ce Hala3e raMo r4eH\4a B( )4c . KAo LUlo c \ t to t 'oq t ' t t to jv tu3Bnpy v rro4uo;+i jy crpMHX rra/Hrra.Mecra rra BpxoBHMa 6paa cy 6Hparra3alo ulo ux je 6u,ro,tano o46paurzlr.rHAn : iAr ( ) u t t ( ) je 6n , lo rapae l r je l l r -BeTH l \ len ) \ \4(,q RapHo\4 n( ), l l tol l i \xcrje je cllrltva;r.reano 6p4a.

T i lnu , r r ro e r I t \e ( r {o te , ro je n ( ) , tH f t IVT( )oKo IJeHr-pa-\He ceocKe 3e^eHe rr()Bl)-IrIIaHe. Y oeon orBopeFroM npoclopv.KOJIIJe QOKyc Uere 3{elHHrJe, qecTo ceHaIagH 6yHap n,rn jesepue.lv ce,

,lbyAw cy ocTa r4JaKo Be3aHrr 3a 3e}'Itr,y vrceocKo 4pyrrrrBo. Pa4wurq.u cy ol a3.r,-^w y rpal Aa 3apade HoBarl v nontatbyra rcyhz ceojuu nopo4lrrlaMa. tr4croe-peMeHo 6rz rure4e,ru HoBarI KaKo 6uMorlrr, lna,4a ce npare nyhra, Aa lr.yr'exyhy u Herxro 3eM6e.

Y cupouaruHzM ceocxarur o6,racrnuaLIra,xuje Myrrrxaprlu cy qecro Ha asvlrznocao y naaycrpujatrz3oBaHuM rpa/o-BrlMa Ha CeBepy,t4 BLrrue Hr4cy }Ite^e^r44a ce Bpare Kyhu, rra cy Mopa-\v AayoeAe ropo4l,Iqe Aa vM ce npH4py)Ke.

I4ce-iranarreIlpouene y ceocKoM,r(HBory y nocle4-mux 200 ro4r4:e'a4oBe,l,e cry w ao r4cena-Barba Mr4 rroua Eeponnaua y 'noeraceer' Aycrpa,r.zje, Kaua4e, Hoeor3e,tan4a, Jyxne AQpzne w CAfl-a.Hucy ce cBvr vcelr>eHkrur4 le'aceroaBarur4 yceocKrrM cpe4r4HaMa. Mnora cy ocHoBa- vt cBoJ AoM lt Ha[r Lr nocao y fpaAoBL4-Ma rAe cy ce r4cKprla r4.

Mef yrzv, MHon4 myau r

I cEocKr4 xr4Bor y pA3Br4JEHr4M 3EMJbAMA

pro6rz,r. r,r Mory Aa rTpoBeAy Bl,z,lc:HA vttLro4Mop y enurM ceocKHM xpajoruaqalra.

,,Yrpoxcena rcrrBorHa cpe4rrHal/t3 TOf pa3^Ora, Typr43aM Je fiocTaoBarrcaH z3Bop trpvxo4a y ceocKvM cpe-AkrHaMa. Melyrrzu, Be^vKvr 6poj ryprzc-TaJe [paBa ofracHocr 3a ]KuBoTHy cpe-Ar4Hy, HapoqlrTo y HeKHM t43y3eHo errLrM [pe4elvMa. Y EHraecrcoj, Hrrp,Br4ure oZ 105 vrraauoua rypvcra ro4urn-rbe IoceTV oceM HaUUOHa HITX ilapKo-Ba, na caMr4M TlrM frofry^apHocT Harlao-Ha Hprx [apKoBa frpe4cTaBJba onac-Hocr 3a lbLrxoBo ogpxaBarbe. EuraecnurypncruqKh 6apo je nporleurzo 4a je20"h nocttona y Jesepcxoj o6aacrznoBe3aHa ca ryDz3Moru. TVpzgav cepaenzja v AoHocvl MHore .roio4no.tr.foeeo je 4o oxunnraBarba rpagr4rluo-Ha He yMeTHOCTt4 Vr 3AIJaTa, a flpvxo404. rypt43Ma je olroryhzo pypa HrzM3aJeAHVrlaMa Aa caMe Quuaucupajy^oKa^Hy yc^yxHy Ae^arHoct rcoja 6u,ycynpoTHoM, HecTa a.

Erco"'rorurn rpo6leMrrBeanxn npoMer rypucra

.crBapanoreurxohe Qapuepzua. Be,r.urcu 6pojTypt4cra v3a3vBa eposujy 3eMrt,urxra.Bo4enn c[oproBu Hajesepuva AoBo4e4o earafema, a rr3^erHrrrIu yrpoxanajycTaHr.rrrrTa ?KLtBoTrzrba. Apyrw TpeH4o-Brr cy froBe3aHr4 ca IIpoMeHaMay cTpyK-TypH 3anouubaBarba, uro ce noce6uoor eaa y rraAy npovsBo4He un4yc'rpujeu noeeharry c"no6o4Hor BpeMeHa u cBeseheNa 6pojy e;racnuxa ayrovro6rlaa.

Cnaro4rreruo rryroBiubeMnorz tr,yAv He atele Aa ce oApeKHyrpal'cKor xuBora y norrryHocru, jepfpa4oBt4 cy rIeHTap eKoHoMcKor r.rApyturBeHor xzeora. YN.recro rora, oHHKyrryjy rcyhe y Kpyry oa lO0xrur y4arbe-Hocrt4 oA rpaAa u nyryjy 40 rroc a.OeaKeo rryroBarbe Mo)fie 4a rpaje u3-4 cara AHeBHo. 36or rora cy MHoracela nocrzLla Hacet,a y xojuva myAucauo npecnaeajy.

Apyr. tbyAw )r

Yp6aHu3aqula{ Kasa je 1957. r.Epasnn oAnyqnoAa lrHayryprueHoBynpecroHr,rLly,xamepno jeoAa6paxoHeraKHyToMecro 4y6oxo yKOnHy, AaIeKOo4 npuo6annenonynaqnje.Hoen rpag,Epasnnuja, caceojnnn$yrypucru,rxnugusajxou,3aMeHlro je 1960.Pno AeXaxerpo.

4,o 2025. zodune oxo 60Vo c*erncnozcrnaruoawuunnaa od 8,199 rrnnujapdu he)rcuaetnu y zpadoetw,a u eapou.tu,ma.Ilpexo 90 zpadoea h,e uu,amanonyaqujy eehy od nzrn mru,uoxa, dox1950. je 6uno cano 7 rm,xewc zpadoea.

Hajrr,rane 250 nyaw Mory Za qI4Heje4ny eapour y {,aucxoj,Z 500 y CAA-y u l0 000 y fpvrcoj. flopelerra paAra,y YH ra 6pojxa rd3Hocn 20 000.

_. _

Ip449Brr y ucropuj.ny poaHH3arJr.r.ja BeJ\HKof ooHMa Je pe^a-rHBHo crcopajz zcropujcru rpeH4.ll pe r'r n4ycrpujcre peeo,tyrluje xpajeru18. e., o6av rpa4cKor craHoenuurrna je6uo zsyserno MaIr{.

flpnz rpa4oBvr cy HacraruLry Ao^rz.lavrTizrpa H EyQpara yjyrosana4Hoj Aeujuorco 3 500 nrr.H.e., a 3arr4M y AoruvtlavrHz,ra ono 3000 nn.H.e. w y Aott4:r,zI4u4a 2 500 r:n.H.e. flpeu ruHecxrzrpaJoBr4 Hacra^u cy oKo I 600. x,rr.H.e.Y 4peeuoj racropzju perxn cy 6u-rrwBe uKr4 rpa4oBa nonyr Bartr,rona,flercuHra z racuuje KoncranrrlnonoJba

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enprrKocHoBeHz rropacr cra-HOBHrrrrrTBa, KOJe )Kr.rBrz y rpa-AoBvrMa, y nopelemy ca rorry-

aarlujou Ha cely nocrao jgjearn oaHajyuevar",r.znnjux o4,tur

I vPEAHT43AuHJA

4ole 4o nojaee cneqnjaarzsoBaHrrxrpyna tby+I4. One rpyne ce HHcy 6aenr\enpon3Boa[r,oM xpaHe eeh npyxamerrryc^yra y 3aMeHy 3a xpaHy.

Y 4pennou Baerzaouy, Hnp., je 6rz,r.oHeKO ITKO C[eqrrJa ri3oBaH]rx fpytl4.To cy 6u"re n,na4ajyhe Klace u K ep,3aJeAHO Ca nOC OBHT,TM H TpTOBaqKUMrpynaMa KoJe cy rpaHcnopToBa^exp3Hy H.yclyre. flocroja,rn cy vsaHar-,tnje, eojuuqw v Apyrv. fpaa ce Morao4eQnnucarn rcao rpynauzja nyan rcoja

Je npy?Ka a ruHpoK c[eKTap yc^yfa.fpa4oaa cy ce rroucrosehuea-,rn ca

qrznrE,u,rsaqzjou. En.u cy ueHTpr{ooraTcTBa, a oHo ce or^eAa o y MoHy-MeHTa-lHHM rpafeer.traua. Baporuu'arpaloBrl cy 6utn BeoMa pa3HolrrKrz.IlrajavHe Baporurz cy Hacraja,re KaoIIeHTpa HO MeCTO TpfoBr4r{e y fro,r,O-rrpuBpe4HrzM pervoHr.rMa. fipyru rpa-AOBId Cy Ce OCHLIBaITd Ha BpXOBUMa6paa,jepje rbuxoBa o46paua 6wa je4-Hocraauzja. Muore Bapouu vrpa4oBuHacTa v cy Ha TproBar{KHM nyTeBrzMa.llapus je ocnoeau xao naceo6prHa Haje4uorrr ocrpBy Ha pequ cenu.

Tonov uu4ycrpujcxe peeo,ryqzje,MHore yp6ane saje4nuqe cy Hapac^eoxo o6,racrrl xoje cy 6uae 6orare npu-poAHnM pecypcuMa. K,turvra je apyrzQarcrop. flauac rpa4oBrr y Cyuvauol.rnojacy CA[-a 6pso pacry.jep ce y rbuxAoce"baBaJy "4,yAr1 u3 x a4Hlrx oo acTHca ceBepa g6or ron,ne v s4paBe r( HMe.242

IJernpn MohnHexn rpa4oBrr, nonyr AonAona uflapusa, nocralr{ cy Be r{Kn rIeHTpHruohu naxou ercnaHsr.rje cBercKe rpro-nrlne rcojaje rparnla peHecaHcy y 15.u16.. e. Cee Ao vH4yc-tpajcrce peeo,ny-uuje, xoja je noveaa y Epurawujunpajev 18. eerca., 6rzao je pelarlrBHoMa o BeAr-tKL.rx rpa4oBa._

flo xpaja 19. e snure og noloBrrHeoprrTaHcKe r.r HeMaqKe nony,\arlaJexune"no je y yp6anuv. o6.tacrurura.

Melyrzru, eehu o6uNa nopacra rony-.rauaje yp6annx cpe4nHa xpajerr,r 20.BeKa HHJe ce o4BrrJao y vl]4yc'fpvJa^v-3oBaHHM 3eM,baMa. Hajnehu nopacrAecvo ce y 3eM"rbaMa 3a KoJe ce cMaTpaAa cy npe4rzH4ycrpr.rjcxe, oaHocHo,rbuxoBe eKoHoMnJe ce yr aBHoMocaanajy Ha no"EonpuBpe4Hy rrpou3-Bo,4rby. HeaaeHa crorla flpece,r,en'a r{3ceocKrrx cpealrHa y rpa4oBe y JyxHojAnrepzqu, Asuju u A

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flpupo4na erccnarrszjaMnorra nyAu,t

I yPEAHr43Ar.u4JA{ Enox 3rpaga 'ceeuupcxo Ao6a'y Pycrjony, xa SpanqycxojMe4lrrepaHcxoj o6ann. r|a Fpax4Mor je neroBanlrure xojeyrourfiaea crorr,rHe rby4n roKoMce3oHe roAlr lx }b],rx oAMopa.

Ipa4oez CA{-a, nonyr BocroHa,Ibyjopxa, (Drl,r.a4e,tQrlje, Ba,nruvropa raBarrrrznrrona ce joru y eehoj rrepzcrraJaJy y JeAaH ypoaHrz noJac KOJI4 cerrDore)fie Ha Henr4x 1000 rcu. Clz.raunbjac npocrr{pe ce o4 Tonuja npeKo{aroje 4o Ocaxe. Oeanea orpoMHaoo^acT Ha3vBa ce Mera onolr4c A JeBrrcoxo yp6anrasoeana .

Eyayhnocrfi tr4axo nocrojd nino.e nofo4Hocrrl yP rpaacnou HaqvHy )Kr.1Bora, nocroje r.rg M?ErK?BOCTr4, a.a'I4 CTpfIEaIIU 3a rIOIIy-

i ^uu"jy ne ovenyjy 4a he y 6,r.ucrcojfi 6yavhnocrw 4ohw 40 npoMeHa rpeH4a3 cee eehe yp6aHncaqrzje.E' f loruro je Hacranan HoBHX Be HKt4 xf rpa4oea cnop v cxyn rpollec, Hane- -_" .roc.r Be lrKHX nony,raqr.rja y no-

crojehzu rpazoBr,rMa ce laacraBr,a 14 oKa^He Blacrrr nacrae,oajy 6op6y cavuoro6pojnzv npo6,reMzMa. Yzru-herre cupoMarrrHLlx verepru, o6es-6efuearce HoBLrx pa4n:z'x Mecra, cfrpe-rraBarbe KprlMHHa a u pelxerba rrpo-6aeua cao6pahaja rz saralena cy crBa-pz ua rcoje ce rpe6a ycMepr4Tu.

Kpuuzua.l, MalolerHrrrrna Ae^:z':r.-eeHqrzja, npocruryuzja, 6ecxyhnaur-TBo r.r saBr4cHocr 04 Zpore cy npo6,te-rr.rn xojra ce eesyjy 3a rpa4oBe. y CM-ycTofra rrJr'aqKe y fpa4oBr4Ma ca npeKo250 000 craHoBHrixaje eurue o44nyraeeha Hero y rpaloBrrMa ca nonyla-qzjoivr Marf,oM oa l0 000.

Pacua v BepcKa Hanerocr cyHerrprlaTHe 04 rrKe ,KvBoTa y HeKHMrpa4oBzMa.

"4>yaw vz pa3luqzTrzxerHnrrKt4x 14 BepcKHx rpyuaqujauacrarr,yjy ce y o4eojeHuu o6aacruuarzlr.r rerofiMa, nacrae,oajy ce no4ele uxoHQ,rz rcru yHyrap oenx raje4ur,rqa.

Y eehela 4e,ny Jyn

BenerPatru 838?!leHorHe nocmoju munulran epad.Hexu, non)m Aoc Anfieneca,ce npomeucy npexo aetluKeo6nacmu, dpyzu non)m Tbrcuja,cy qenmp anus o eauuj u. E p ojcmaHo+lruKa ucmo eapupa,HeKu ce epadoeu npasn4 dpyeuce y1psano nonyrcaeajS.

pe norrerKa I4uaycrpvjglg p.-eo,r.yquje, xcrja je npe 200 ro-AHHa nO