PI-NET International v. Avis Budget Group et. al.

7/31/2019 PI-NET International v. Avis Budget Group et. al.

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1 Andr E. Jardini (State Bar No. 71335)aejkpclegal.com2 K.L. Myles (State Bar No. 243272)klmkpclegal.com w c;.3 KNAPP, PETERSEN & CLARK ~ c:.,.

!rem

550 North Brand Boulevard, Suite 1500 ~:Z:; N'- ;1t, :J4 Glendale, California 9 i 203-1922

~.. "'.. -:Telephone: (818) 547-5000 V..r'- i iJ5 Facsimile: (818) 547-5329 - I.-0_"-" ::.-- -~ ,._, -0 ;.'1~_. c6 Joseph S. Farzam (State Bar No. 210817) r- C"; "-:" 3: ::r....'.farzamlawyer.com v.., () ..., -..-. c'~ ..7 JOSEPH FARZAM LA W FIRM c" +1875 Century Park East, Suite 1345 ~:. en8 Los Angeles, CA 90067 -"Telephone: (310) 226-68909 Facsimile: (310) 226-6891

10 Attorneys for PlaintiffPI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC.11

12131415 PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC.,

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTCENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

c V 12 - 04 0 3 6 ~\\~t ) NO.j)))

j

COMPLAINT FOR PATENTINFRINGEMENT16 Plaintiff,17 v. DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL18 AVIS BUDGET GROUP, INC., AND AVISBUDGET CAR RENTAL LLC,192021

Defendants.

INTRODUCTION22232425262728CLARKE

1. Plaintiff PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC., fies this complaint for patent'nfringement and jury demand against defendants AVIS BUDGET GROUP, INC., and

VIS BUDGET CAR RENTAL LLC ("the defendants"), and alleges as follows:PARTIES

2. Plaintiff PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC. ("PI-NET") is a Californiaorporation with its principal place of business in Menlo Park, California. PI-NET has been

-1-1472992.1 08000/00951

Case 2:12-cv-04036-GHK-E Document 1 Filed 05/09/12 Page 1 of 60 Page ID #:2


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1 provider of innovative software products, services and solutions that enable distributed2 ansaction processing and control over public and private networks, including, without3 imitation, the Internet and the World Wide Web.4 3. The patents asserted here were issued to Dr. Lakshmi Arunachalam, PI-NET'S5 ounder. The patents disclose the fundamental technology underlying Web commerce by6 se of Web applications. The patents describe a method and apparatus for providing real-7 ime, two-way transactional capabilities on the Web. The examples of the pioneering8 echnology in the patents encompass the transactions commonly entered into by defendants9 ith their vehicle rental customers.

1011 NTAL LLC (collectively "AVIS") are headquartered in Parsippany, New Jersey. AVIS

4. Defendants AVIS BUDGET GROUP, INC. and AVIS BUDGET CAR

12 perates as a car rental company, in the United States under the names Avis and Budget.1314

JURISDICTION AND VENUE5. This action arises under the patent laws of the United States, Title 35, United

15 States Code, including 35 U.S.c. sections 271 and 281-285. This Court has jurisdiction16 ver the action pursuant to 28 U.S.c. sections 1331 and 1338(a).17 6. Upon information and belief, defendants are subject to this Court's specific18 nd general personal jurisdiction due at least to their substantial business within the State of19 alifornia and this judicial distrct, including:20 (a) Operating a vehicle rental business by use of Internet transaction21 capabilities which infringe the patents herein alleged in California and in this judicial22 district; and23 (b) Regularly doing or soliciting business, engaging in other persistent24 courses of conduct; and/or25 (c) Deriving substantial revenue from products and/or services provided to26 individuals in California and in this judicial district.27 7. Venue is proper in this judicial district under 28 U.S.c. sections 1391(b) (c)28 nd (d) and 28 U.S.c. section 1400(b).

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1

2GENERAL ALLEGATIONS

8. On November 16. 1999, the United States Patent and Trademark Office duly3 nd legally issued United States Patent Number 5,987,500 (the '''500 patent") entitled4 'Value-Added Network System For Enabling Real-Time, By-Directional Transactions On A5 etwork" to Dr. Lakshmi Arnachalam. PI-NET is the assignee of all rights, title and6 'nterest in the '500 patent including the right to recover damages for past infringement. A7 opy of the '500 patent is attached to the complaint as exhibit A.8 9. On January 31,2012, the United States Patent and Trademark Office duly and9 egally issued United States Patent Number 8,108,492 (the '''492 patent") entitled "Web

10 pplication Network Portal" to Dr. Lakshmi Arunachalam. PI-NET is the assignee of all11 'ghts, title and interest in the '492 patent, including the right to recover damages for past12 'nfringement. A copy of the '492 patent is attached to the complaint as exhibit B.13 10. The '500 patent is valid and enforceable.14 11. The '492 patent is valid and enforceable.15 12. Defendants infrnge the '500 patent directly, contrbutorily and/or by active16 'nducement by conducting real-time two-way transactions from Web applications across the17 eb concerning rental transactions for automobiles and/or trucks. Such capabilities include18 reservations system, payment information, pickup and drop-off times and locations,19 election of a class of vehicle, and other detailed information. This real-time two-way20 ansactional capability on the Web is described in the '500 patent and infringed by21 efendants.22 13. Defendants infringe the '492 patent directly, contrbutorily and/or by active23 'nducement by conducting real-time two-way transactions from Web applications across the24 eb concerning rental transactions for automobiles and/or trucks. Such capabilities include25 reservations system, payment information, pickup and drop-off times and locations,26 election of a class of vehicle, and other detailed information. This real-time two-way27 ransactional capability on the Web is described in the '492 patent and infringed by

efendants.-3-

\472992.\ 08000100951



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1 14. The online capabilities of defendants AVIS infringe the '500 and '492 patents,2 xemplified, in part, by the following screen shot of its opening screen which displays the3 eservation, location and vehicle selection applications of the inventions of the patents-in-456789

10111213141516171819

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15. Defendants' infringing acts have been without express or implied license by20 I-NET, and/or in violation of PI-NET' S rights or claims for relief.21 FIRST CLAIM FOR RELIEF

22 INFRIGEMENT OF THE '500 PATENT23 16. PI-NET incorporates by reference each and every allegation in paragraphs 124 hrough 15, as though fully set forth herein.25 17. Defendants have been and now are infringing, inducing the infringement of,26 nd/or contributing to the infringement of the '500 patent, literally and/or under the doctrine

f equivalence, by conducting real-time two-way transactions on the Web in connection27ith the rental of vehicles to their customers.

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1 18. PI - NET has not authorized the defendants to use its technology for2 ansactions over the Web with its customers as covered by the '500 patent.

19. As a result of defendants' infringing conduct, PI -NET has suffered and will4 ontinue to suffer, substantial and irreparable damage. Upon information and belief,5 efendants' infringement, induced infringement and/or its contributory infringement of the6 500 patent will continue unless enjoined by this Court.7 20. Defendants' infringement is and has been willfuL.8 21. Upon information and belief, to the extent defendants lacked actual knowledge9 fthe '500 patent prior to this lawsuit, at a minimum they had constructive notice of the '500

10 atent by operation of at least 35 U.S.C. section 287.22. PI-NET has no adequate remedy at law for defendants' infringement,1

12 ontrbutory infringement, and/or induced infringement of the '500 patent. Unless the13 efendants' infringing activities are enjoined by this Court, PI-NET wil continue to suffer14 onetary damages in an amount not yet determined.15 SECOND CLAIM FOR RELIEF16 INFRINGEMENT OF THE '492 PATENT17 23. PI - NET incorporates by reference each and every allegation in paragraphs 118 hrough 22, as though fully set forth herein.19 24. Defendants have been and now are infringing, inducing the infringement of,20 nd/or contributing to the infringement of the '492 patent, literally and/or under the doctrine21 f equivalents, by conducting real-time two-way transactions on the Web in connection with22 he rental of vehicles to their customers.232425262728

25. PI-NET has not authorized the defendants to use its technology foransactions over the Web with its customers as covered by the '492 patent.26. As a result of defendants' infringing conduct, PI-NET has suffered and will

ontinue to suffer, substantial and irreparable damage. Upon information and belief,efendants' infringement, induced infringement and/or its contributory infringement of the

500 patent will continue unless enjoined by this Court.-5-

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1 27. Defendants had knowledge of the '492 patent prior to filing of this complaint2 ut have continued to engage in their infringing conduct nonetheless. Defendants'3 'nfringement is and has been willfuL.4 28. Upon information and belief, to the extent any defendants lacked actual5 owledge of the '492 patent prior to this lawsuit, at a minimum they had constructive6 otice of the '500 patent by operation of at least 35 U.S.c. section 287.7 29. PI -NET has no adequate remedy at law for defendants' infringement,8 ontributory infringement, and/or induced infringement of the '492 patent. Unless the9 efendants' infringing activities are enjoined by this Court, PI-NET will continue to suffer

10 onetary damages in an amount not yet determined.11 PRAYER FOR RELIEF12 WHEREFORE, PI-NET prays for judgment:13 1. That defendants have infringed, contributorily infringed and/or actively14 induced infringement of the '500 patent.

15 2. That defendants have infrnged, contrbutorily infringed and/or actively16 induced infringement of the '492 patent.1718

3.4.

That defendants' infringement was wilfuL.That defendants be preliminarily and permanently enjoined from further acts

19 of infringement of the '500 patent.

20 5. That defendants be preliminarily and permanently enjoined from further acts21 of infringement of the '492 patent.22 6. That PI-NET be awarded damages adequate to compensate for defendants'23 infringement of the '500 patent.24 7. That PI-NET be awarded damages adequate to compensate for defendants'25 infringement of the '492 patent.26 8. That PI-NET be awarded prejudgment interest and post-judgment interest at27 the maximum rate allowed by law.

9.

1472992.1 08000100951

That the Court declare this to be an exceptional case pursuant to 35 U.S.c.-6-



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1 section 285, and award PI-NET its attorneys' fees.2 10. That the Court award PI-NET enhanced damages pursuant to 35 U.S.C.3 section 284.

4 11. That the Court award a compulsory future royalty.5 12. That PI-NET be awarded costs of Court; and6 13. That PI -NET be awarded such other and further relief as the Court deems just7 and proper.89 Dated: May 8, 2012

10111213141516171819202122232425262728

KNAPP, PETERSEN & CLARKE

Andr E. Jar iniK.L. MylesAttorneys for PlaiPI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC.

-- (.By:

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1 DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL2 Plaintiff PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC. hereby demands a tral by jury in this3 matter.45 Dated: May 8, 20126789

10111213141516171819202122232425262728

KNAPP, PETERSEN & CLARKE

Andr E. J ardi iK.L. MylesAttorneys for PlaintiPI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC.

- ..By:

-8-1472992.1 08000100951



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EXHIBIT A



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United States Patent (I9)Arnachalam

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~I11111111111111111111111111111US005987500APatent Number:Date of Patent:

(11)(45)

5,987,500*Nov. 16, 1999

(54) VALUE-ADDED NETWORK SYSTEM FORENABLING RE-TIME, BY-DIRCTIONALTRSACTIONS ON A NETWORK(751 Inventor: Lakshmi Arunachalam, Menlo Park,Calif.(73) Asignee: Pi-Net International, Inc., Menlo Park,Calif.(*) Notice: This patent issued on a continued pros-ecution application filed under 37 CFR1.53(d), and is subject to the twenty year

patent term proviions of 35 U.S.c.154(a)(2).(21) App!. No.: 08/879,958(22) Filed: Jun. 20, 1997

Related U.S. Application Data(62j(60)(51j(52)(58)

Division of application No. 08(700,726, Aug. 5, 1996, Pat.No.5, 778, 178Provisional application No. 60/006,634, Nov. 13, 1995.Int. Ci. 6 ....... ......... ...... ................... ............. G06F 13/00U.S. Ci. .............................................................. 709/203Field of Search ........................ 364/DIG. I, DIG. 2;

395/762, 200.3, 200.3I, 200.32, 200.43,68I, 682, 683, 684, 685, 689; 709/200,201, 202, 203, 213, 30I, 302, 303, 304,

305; 710/200

(56) References CitedPUBLICATONS"Coding with HTML forms: HTML goes interactive",Andrew Davidson, Dr. Dobb'slournal, V20, N6,lun.I995,p. I6.Primary Exallirier-Robert B. HarrellAttorney, Agent, or Firm-Blakely, Sokoloff, Taylor &Zafman LLP(57) ABSTRACTThe present invention provides a method and apparatus forproviding real-time, two-way transactional capabilities onthe Web. Specifically, one embodiment of the present inven-tion discloses a confgurable value-added network switch forenablig real-time transactions on the World Wide Web. Theconfigurable value added network switch comprises a sys-tem for switching to a transactional application in responseto a user specification from a World Wide Web application,a system means for transmitting a transaction request fromthe transactional application, and a system for processing thetransaction request. Additionally, a method for enablingobject routing is disclosed, comprising the steps of creatinga virtual information store containing information entriesand attributes associating each of the information entries andthe attributes with an object identity, and asigning a uniquenetwork address to each of the object identities. Finally, amethod is diclosed for enabling service management of thevalue-added network service, to perform OAM&P functionson the services network.

35 Claims, I3 Drawing Sheets~SER CONNECTS TO WEe SERVERRUNNNG AN EXCHAGE

802

EXCHAGE ACllVA TES GRAPHICAl USERINTERFACE TO PRESET USE WITH LASTOF POSVC APPlIATION OPTIOS80

812

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u.s. Patent

FIG.

Nov. 16, 1999 Sheet 1 of 13

BROWSELINK103

WEBBROWSER102

http://www.car.com

I A (PRIOR ART)

5,987,500

CAR DEALERWEB SERVER

CARDEALER105

104

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u.s. Patent Nov. 16, 1999 Sheet 2 of 13 5,987,500

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u.s. Patent Nov. 16, 1999 Sheet 4 of 13

r OSIMODEL00

APPLICATION307

PRESENTATION306

SESSION305

TRANSPORT304

NETORK303

DATA LINK

302PHYSICAL

301

FIG. 3

5,987,500

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TRANSACTIONSBUlTON500

WEB PAGE 105WEB SERVER 104

FIG. 5AG0 OPERATORAGENTWEB ~R . SERVERll EXCHANGE 501

WEB POINT-OF- VAN OBJECTPAGE SERVICE SWITCH ROUTER

APPLICATIONS505 510 520 525FIG. 58 /5



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U.S. Patent Nov. 16, 1999 5,987,500heet 7 of 13

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20/60

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OBJECT 1123.123.123.123.1

Nov. 16, 1999 Sheet 11 of 13

WEB SERVER(NODE).

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5,987,500

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r VAN SWITCH 520

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u.s. Patent Nov. 16, 1999 Sheet 13 of 13

~USER CONNECTS TO WEB SERVER L5802RUNNING AN EXCHANGE,USER ISSUES REQUEST FOR i-804TRANSACTIONAL APPLICATION

+WEB SERVER HANDS OFF ~806REQUEST TO EXCHANGE,

EXCHANGE ACTIVATES GRAPHICAL USER LsINTERFACE TO PRESENT USER WITH LAST

OF POSVC APPLICATION OPTIONS

+USER MAKES REQUEST FROM ~810

POSVC APPLICATION LIST

TSWITCHING COMPONENT IN EXCHANGE ~8SWITCHES USER TOSELECTED POSVC APPLICATIONlOBJECT ROUTING COMPONENT ~814EXECUTES USER'S REQUEST-,DATA RETRIEVED FROM DATA ~816

REPOSITORY VIA TMP,USER CONTINUES TRANSACTION Ls81

(OPTIONAL) OR ENDS TRANSACTIONl(EFIG. 8

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5,987,5001

VALUE-ADDED NETWORK SYSTEM FORENABliNG RE-TIME, BY-DIRCTIONALTRNSACTIONS ON A NETWORKRELATED APPLICATONS

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08nOO,726,filed Aug. 5, I996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,778,I78.FIELD OF THE INVENTON

The present invention relates to the area of Internetcommunications. Specifically, the present invention relatesto a method and apparatus for configurable value-addednetwork switching and object routing.BACKGROUND OF THE INVNTON

With the Internet and the World Wide Web ("the Web")evolving rapidly as a viable consumer medium for electroniccommerce, new on-line services are emerging to fill theneeds of on-line users. An Internet user today can browse onthe Web via the use of a Web browser. Web browsers aresoftware interfaces thai run on Web clients to allow accessto Web servers via a simple user interface. A Web user'scapabilities today from a Web browser are, however,extremely limited. The user can perform one-way, browse-only interactions. Additionally, the user has limited"deferred" transactional capabilties, namely electronic mail(e-mail) capabilties. E-mail capabilities are referred to as"deferred transactions" because the consumer's request isnot proces."ed until the e-mail is received, read, and the 30person or system reading the e-mail executes the transaction.This transaction is ihus not performed in real-time.

FlG. lA illustrates typical user interactions on the Webtoday. User 100 sends out a request from Web browser 102 35in the form of a universal resource locator (URL) I01 in thefollowing manner: http://ww.car.com. URL 101 is pro-cesd by Web browser 102 that determines the URL cor-responds to car dealer Web page 105, on car dealer Webserver 104. Web browser 102 then establihes browse link 40103 to car dealer Web page 105. User 100 ca browse Webpage 105 and select "hot li" to jump to other locations inWeb page 105, or to move to other Web pages on the Web.This interaction is typically a browse-only interaction.Under limited circumstances, the usr may be able to fill out 45a form on car dealer Web page 105, and e-mail the form tocar dealer Web server 104. This interaction is stil strictly aone-way browse mode communications link, with the e-mailproviding limited, deferred transactional capabilities.

Under liited circumstances, a user may have access to 50two-way servces on the Web via Common Gateway Inter-face (CGI) applications. CGI is a standard interface forruning external programs on a Web server. It allows Webservers to .create documents dynamically when the serverreceives a request from the Web browser. When the Web 55server receives a request for a document, the Web serverdynamically executes the appropriate CGI script and trans-mits the output of the execution back to the requesting Webbrowser. This interaction can thus be termed a "two-way"transaction. It is a severely limited transaction, however, 60because each CGI applicaiion is customized for a particulartype of application or service.For example, as ilustrated in FIG. IB, user IOO mayaccess bank I50's Web server and attempt to performtransactions on checking account I52 and to make a pay- 65ment on loan account I54. In order for user IOO to accesschecking account 152 and loan account 154 on the Web, CGI

2application scripts must be created for each account, asillustrated in FIG. lB. The bank thus has to create individualscripts for each of its services to offer usrs access to theseservces. User 100 can then interact in a liited fashion with

5 these individual applications. Creating and managing indi-vidual CGI scripts for each service is not a viable solutionfor merchants with a large number of services.As the Web expands and electronic commerce becomesmore desirable, the need increases for robust, real-time,10 bi-directional transactional capabilities on the Web. A true

real-time, bi-directional transaction would allow a user toconnect to a variety of services on the Web, and performreal-time transactions on those services. For example,although user IOO can browse car dealer Web page IOs15 today, the user cannot purchase the car, negotiate a car loanor perform other types of real-time, two-way transactionsthat he can perform with a live salesperson at the cardealership. Ideally, user IOO in FIG. IA would be able toaccess car dealer Web page 105, select specifc transactions20 that he desires to perform, such as purchas a car, andperform the purchase in real-time, with two-way interactioncapabilities. CGI applications provide user 100 with a lim-ited ability for two-way interaction with car dealer Web pageIOs, but due to the lack of interaction and management25 between the car dealer and the bank, he wil not be able toobtain a loan and complete the purchase of the car via a COLapplication. The ability to compleie robust real-time, two-way transactions is thus not truly available on the Web today.

SUMMAY OF THE INVNTONIt is therefore an object of the present invention to providea method and apparatus for providing real-time, two-waytransactional capabilities on the Web. Specifically, one

embodiment of the present invention discloses a config-urable value-added network switch for enabling real-timetransactions on the World Wide Web. The configurable valueadded network switch compries means for switching to atransactional application in response to a user specifcalionfrom a World Wide Web application, means for transmittinga transaction request from the transctional application, andmeans for procesing the tranction request.According to another aspect of the present invention, amethod and apparatus for enablig object routing on theWorld Wide Web is dislosed. The method for enabling

object routing comprises the steps of creatig a virtalinformation store containing information entries andattributes, asociating each of the information entres and theattributes with an objeci ideniity, and asigning a uniquenetwork address to each of the object identities.Other objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention wil be apparent from the accmpanyiiig drawingsand from the detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSThe features and advantages of the present invention wilbe apparent from the accmpanying drawings and from thedetailed description of the present invention as set forthbelow.FIG. IA is an illustration of a current user's browsecapabilities on the Web via a Web browser.FIG. IB is an illustration of a current user's capabilitiesto perform limited transactions on the Web via COL appli-cations.FlO. 2 illustrates a typical computer system on which thepresent invention may be utilized. ;)3



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5,987,5003

FIG. 3 ilustrates the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)ModeL.

FIG. 4A ilustrates conceptually the user value chain as itexists today.FIG.4B illustrates one embodiment of the present inven- 5tion.FIG. SA ilustrates a user accessing a Web server includ-ing one embodiment of the present invention.FIG. SB illustrates the exchange component according to 10one embodiment of the present nvention.FIG. SC illustrates an example of a point-of-service

(POSvc) application lit.FIG. SD illustrates a user selecting a bank POSvc appLi-cation from the POSvc application list.FIG. SE illustrates a three-way transaction accordig toone embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 6A illustrates a value-added network (VAN switch.FIG. 6B illustrates the hierarchical addressing tree struc- 20ture of the networked objects in DOLSms.FIG. 7 illustrates conceptually the layered architecture ofa VAN switch.FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment ofthe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THEPREFERRED EMBODIMENTThe present invention relates to a method and apparatusfor configurable value-added network switching and object

routing and management. "Web browset' as usd in thecontext of the present specifcation includes conventionalWeb browsers such as NCSA Mosaic from NCSA andNetscape Mosaic from Netscape. The present invention 35is independent of the Web browser being utilized and theusr can use any Web browser, without modifcations to theWeb browser. In the following detailed description, numer-ous specific details are sel forth in order to provide athorough understanding of the present invention. It wil be 40apparent to one of ordinar skil in the art, however, thatthese specifc details need not be used to practice the presentinvention. In other instances, well-known strctures, inter-faces and processes have not been shown in detail in ordernot to unecessariy obscure the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates a typical computer system 200 in whichthe present invention operates. The preferred embodiment ofthe present invention is implemented on an IBMTM PersonalComputer manufactured by IBM Corporation of Armonk,N.Y. AIternate embodiments may be implemented on a 50Macintosh computer manufactured by AppleComputer, Incorprated of Cupertino, Calif. It wil be appar-ent to those of ordinary skill in the art that other alternativecomputer system architectures may als be employed.In general, such computer systems as ilustrated by FIG. 552 comprise a bus 201 for communicating information, aprocessor 202 coupled with the bus 201 for processinginformation, main memory 203 coupled with the bus 20I forstoring information and instructions for the processor 202, aread-only memory 204 coupled with the bus 20I for storing 60static information and instructions for the processor 202, adisplay device 205 coupled with the bus 20I for displayinginformation for a computer user, an input device 206coupled with the bus 20I for communicating informationand command selections to the processr 202, and a mass 65storage device 207, such as a magnetic disk and associateddisk drive, coupled with the bus 201 for storing information

4and instructions. A data storage medium 208 contaimngdigital information is configured to operate with mass stor-age device 207 to allow processor 202 access to the digitalinformation on data storage medium 208 via bus 201.

Processor 202 may be any of a wide variety of generalpurose processors or microprocessrs such as the Pen-tium microprocessor manufactured by InteFM Corpora-tion or the Motorola 68040 or Power PCTM brand micro-processor manufactured by manufactured by MotorolaCorporation. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill inthe art, however, that other varieties of processors may alsobe used in a particular computer system. Display device 205may be a liquid crystal device, cathode ray tube (CRT), orother suitable display device. Mass storage device 207 may15 be a conventional hard disk drive, floppy disk drive,CD-ROM drive, or other magnetic or optical data storagedevice for reading and writing information stored on a harddisk, a floppy disk, a CD-ROM a magnetic tape, or othermagnetic or optical data storage medium. Data storagemedium 208 may be a hard disk, a floppy disk, a CD-ROM,a magnetic tape, or other magnetic or optical data storagemedium.

In general, processor 202 retrieves processing instructionsand data from a data storage medium 208 using mass storage25 device 207 and downloads this information into randomaccess memory 203 for execution. Processor 202, thenexecutes an instruction stream from random access memory203 or read-only memory 204. Command selections andinformation input at input device 206 are used to direct the30 flow of instructions executed by procesr 202. Equivalentinput device 206 may also be a pointing device such as aconventional mouse or trackball device. The results of tbisprocessing execution are then displayed o.n display device205.

45

The preferred embodiment of the present invention isimplemented as a software module, which may be executedon a computer system such as computer system 200 in aconventional manner. Using well known techniques, theapplication software of the preferred embodiment is storedon data storage medium 208 and subsequently loaded intoand executed within computer system 200. Once initiated,the softare of the preferred embodiment operates in themanner described below.

FIG. 3 ilustrates the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)reference modeL. OSI Model 300 is an international standardthat provides a common basis for the coordination of stan-darcls development, for the purose of systems interconnec-tion. The present invention is implemented to function as arouting switch within the "application layet' of the OSImodeL. The model defines seven layers, with each layercommunicating with its peer layer in another node throughthe use of a protocol. Physical layer 30I is the lowest layer,with responsibility to transmit unstructured bits across alille Data li layer 302 is the next layer above physicallayer 301. Data lin layer 302 transmits chunk across thelink and deal with problems lie checksumming to detectdata corruption, orderly coordination of the use of sharedmedia and addressing when multiple systems are reachable.Network bridges operate within data link layer 302.Network layer 303 enables any pair of systems in thenetwork to communicate with each other. Network layer 303contains hardware units such as routers, that handle routing,packet fragmentation and reassembly of packets. Transportlayer 304 establishes a reliable communication streambetween a pair of systems, dealing wiih errors such as lostpackets, duplicate packets, packet reordering and fragmen- dt/



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5tation. Session layer 305 offers seivices above the simplecommunication stream provided by transport layer 304.Thes servces include dialog control and chaining. Presen-tation layer 306 provides a means by which OSI compliantapplications can agree on representations for data. Finally,application layer 307 includes services such as fie transfer,access and management seivices (ITAM), electronic mailand virtual terminal (VI seivices. Application layer 307provides a means for application programs to access the OSIenvironment. As described above, the present invention isimplemented to function as a routing switch in applicationlayer 307. Application layer routing creates an open channelfor the management, and the selective flow of data fromremote databases on a network.A. OveiviewFlG. 4A ilustrates conceptually the user value chain as itexists today. The user value chain in FlG. 4A depicts thetypes of transactions that are performed today, and thechannels through which the transactions are performed. A"transaction" for the purposes of the present inventionincludes any type of commercial or other type of interactionthat a user may want to perform. Examples of transactionsinclude a deposit into a bank account, a request for a loanfrom a bank, a purchase of a car from a car dealership or apurchase of a car with fiancing from a banle A large varietyof other transactions are also possible.A typical user transaction today may involve user iOOwalkng into a bank or driving up to a teller machine, andinteracting with a live bank teller, or automated tellermachine (ATM) software applications. Alternatively, user100 can perform the same transaction by using a personalcomputer (PC), activating application software on his PC toaccess his bank account, and dialing into the bank via amodem line. If usr 100 is a Web user, however, there is nocurrent mechanism for performing a robust, real-time trans-action with the bank as illustrated in FIG. 4A. COL scriptsprovide only limited two-way capabilties, as describedabove. Thus, due to this lack of a robust mechanism bywhich real-time Web transactions can be performed, thebank is unable to be a tre "Web merchant," namely a 40merchant capable of providing complete transactional ser-vices on the Web.According to one embodiment of the present invention, asilustrated in FIG. 4B, each merchant that desires to be aWeb merchant can provide real-time transactional capabil-ties to usrs who desire to access the merchants' services viathe Web. This embodiment includes a seivice networkrunning on top of a facilities network, namely the Internet,the Web or e-mail networks. For the purposes of thisapplication, users are described as utilzing PC's to accessthe Web via Web server "switching" sites. (Switching isdesribed in more detail below). Users may also utilize otherpersonal devices such as network computers or cellulardevices to access the merchants' seivices via appropriateswitching sites. These switching sites include non-Webnetwork computer sites and cellular provider sites. Fivecomponents interact to provide this service networkfunctionality, namely an exchange, an operator agent, amanagement agent, a management manager and a graphicaluser interface. Al five components are described in moredetail below.As ilustrated in FIG. 5A, user 100 accesses Web serverI04. Having accessed Web seiver I04, user iOO can decidethat he desires to perform real-time transactions. Wben Webserver I04 receives user IOO's indication that he desires 10perform real-time transactions, the request is handed over 10an exchange component. Thus, from Web page ios, for

5,987,5006

example, usr 100 can select button 500, entitled "Transac-tions" and Web seiver 104 bands user IOO's request over tothe exchange component. The button and the title can bereplace by any mechanism that can instruct a Web server tohand over the consumer's request to the exchange compo-nent.FIG. 5B illustrates exchange 501. Exchange 50I com-prises Web page 50S and point-of-seivice (POSvc) applica-tions 510. Excbange SOl als conceptually includes a

10 (::~~~;d ::~r~e~~t:i~dbe~~w)~j;gs~~u:~~liC~::~ein~are transactional applications, namely applications that aredesigned to incorporate and take advantage of the capabili-ties provided by the present invention. Although exchange501 is depicted as residing on Web seiver I04, the exchange15 can also reside on a separate computer system tbat resides onthe Internet and bas an Internet address. Exchange 501 mayalso include operator agent 503 that interacts with a man-agement manager (described in more detail below).Exchange 501 creates and allows for the management (or20 distributed control) of a service network, operating withinthe boundaries of an IP-based facilties network. Thus,exchange 501 and a management agent component,described in more detail below, under the headings "VANSwitch and Object Routing," together perform the25 switching, object routing, application and service manage-ment functions according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.Exchange 50I processes the consumer's request anddisplays an exchange Web page 505 that includes a list of30 POSvc applications 5IO accessible by excbange SOl. APOSvc application is an application that can execute the typeof transaction that the user may be interested in performing.The POSvc list is displayed via the graphical user interfacecomponent. One embodiment of the present invention sup-

35 ports HyperText Markup Language as the graphical userinterface component. Virtual Reality Markup Language andJava are also supported by this embodiment. A varety ofother graphical user interface standards can als be utiizedto implement the graphical user interface.An example of a POSvc application list is illustrated inFIG. Sc. User 100 can thus select from POSvc applicationsBank 510(I), Car Oealer 510(2) or Pizzeria 510(3). Numer-ous other POSvc applications can als be included in tbisselection. If user 100 desires to perform a number of banng45 transactions, and selects the Bank application, a BanPOSvc application wil be activated and presented to usr100, as ilustrated in FIG. 50. For the purposes ofillustration, exchange 50I in FIG. 50 is shown as running ona different computer system (Web server 104) from the

50 computer systems of the Web merchants running POSvcapplications (computer system 200). Exchange 501 may,however, also be 00 tbe same computer system as one ormore of the computer systein of the Web mercbants.Once Bank POSvc application 510 has been activated,55 user iOO will be ahle to connect to Bank seivices and utilizethe application to perform banking transactions, thus access-ing data from a host or data repository 575 in the Bank"Back Offce." The Bank Back Offce comprises legacydatabases and other data repositories tbat are utilized by the60 Bank to store its data. 1bs connection between user iOO andBank seivices is managed by excbange 501. As illustrated inFIG. 50, once the connection is made between Bank POSvcapplication 510(I), for example, and Bank services, anoperator agent on Web server I04 may be activated to ensure65 the availability of distributed functions and capabilities.

Each Web merchant may choose Ihe types of seivices thatit would like to offer its clienis. In this example, if Bank 2



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7decided to include in their POSvc application access tochecking and savings accounts, user 100 will be able toperform real-time transactions against his checkig andsavings accounts. Thus, if user 100 moves $500 from hischecking account into his savings account, the transactionwill be performed in real-time, in the same manner thetransaction would have been performed by a live teller at thebank or an AT machine. Therefore, unlike his prior accessto his account, user 100 now has the capability to do morethan browse his bank account. The ability to perform thesetypcs of robust, real-time transactions from a Wcb client isa signifcant aspect of the present invention.Bank can also decide to provide other types of services inPOSvc application 5IO(1). For example, Bank may agreewith Car dealership to allow Bank cutomers to purchase acar from that dealer, request a car loan from Bank and havethe entire transaction performed on the Web, as ilustrated inFIG. 5E. In this instance, the transactions are not merelytwo-way, between the tLser and Bank, but three-way,amongst the consumer, Bank and Car dealership. AccordingLa one aspect of the present invention, this three-way trans-action can be expanded to n-way transactions, where nrepresents a predetermined number of merchants or otherservice providers who have agreed to cooperate to provideservices to users. The present invention therefore allows for"any-to-any" communication and transactions on the Web,thus facilitating a large, flexible variety of robust, real-timetransactions on the Web.Finally, Bank may also decide to provide intra-merchantor intra-bank services, together with the inter-merchantservices described above. For example, if Bank creates aPOSvc application for use by the Bank Payroll department,Bank may provide its own employees with a means forsubmitting timecards for payroll processing by the Dank'sHuman Resources (HR) Department. An employee selectsthe Bank HR POSvc application, and submits his timecard.The employee's timecard is processed by accessing theemployee's payroll information, stored in the Bank's BackOffce. The transaction is thus processd in real-time, and theemployee receives his paycheck immediately.B. Van Switching and Object RoutingAs described above, exchange 501 and management agent601, ilustrated in FIG. 6A together constitute a value-addednetwork (VAN switch. These two elements may take ondiferent roles as necessary, including peer-to-peer, client-server or master-slave roles. Management manager 603 isilustrated as residing on a separate computer system on theInternet. Management manager 603 can, however, alsoreside on the same machine as exchange SOl. Managementmanager 603 interacts with the operator agent 503 residingon exchange 501.VAN switch 520 provides multi-protocol object routing,depending upon the specifc VAN services chosen. Thsmulti-protocol object routing is provided via a proprietaryprotocol, TransWeb Management Protocol (TP). TMPincorporates the same security features as the traditionalSimple Network Management Protocol, SNMP. It alsoallows for the integration of other traditional securitymechanisms, including RSA security mechanisms.One embodiment of the present invention utilizes TMPand distributed on-line service information bases(DOLSIBs) to perform object routing. Alternatively, TMPcan incorporate s-HTIP, Javani, the WinSock API or ORBwith DOLSlBs to perform object routing. DOLSIBs arevirtual information stores optimized for networkig. Allinformation entries and attributes in a DOLSIB virtualinformation store are associated with a networked object

5,987,5008

identity. The networked object identity identifies the infor-mation entries and attributes in the DOLSIB as individualnetworked objects, and each networked object is asigned anInternet address. The Internet address is asigned based on5 the IP address of the node at which the networked objectresides.For example, in FIG. SA, Web server I04 is a node on theInternet, with an IP address. All networked object associatedwith Web server I04 will therefore be asigned an Internet10 address based on the Web server I04's IP address. Thesenetworked objects thus "branch" from the node, creating ahierarchical tree structure. The Internet address for eachnetworked object in the tree essentially establihes theindividual object as an "IP-reachable" or accessible node on15 the Internet. TMP utilies this Internet address to uniquelyidentify and access the object from the DOLSIB' FIG. 6Bilustrates an example of this hierarchical addressing treestrcrure.

Each object in the DOLSIB has a name, a syntax and an20 encoding. The name is an administratively assigned objectID specifying an object type. The object type together withthe object instance serves to uniquely identify a specificinstantiation of the object. For example, if object 6IO isinformation about models of cars, then one instance of that25 object would provide user 100 with information about a

specific model of the car whie another instance wouldprovide information about a diferent model of the car. Thesyntax of an object type defines the abstract data structurecorresponding to that object type. Encoding of objects30 defines how the object is represented by the object typesyntax while being transmitted over the network.C. Management and AdministrationAs described above, exchange 50I and management agent601 together constitute a VAN switch. FIG. 7 ilustrates35 conceptually the layered architecture of VAN switch 520.Specifically, boundary service 701 provides the interfacesbetween VAN switch 520, the Internet and the Web, andmulti-media end user devices such as PCS, televisions ortelephones. Boundary service 701 also provides the interface40 to the on-line service provider. A user can ronnect to a localapplication, namely one accessible via a local VAN switch,or be routed or "switched" to an application accessible viaa remote VAN switch.Switching servce 702 is an OSI application layer switch.45 Switching service 702 thus represents the core of the VANswitch. It performs a number of tasks including the routingof user connections to remote VAN switches, described inthe paragraph above, multiplexing and prioritization ofrequests, and flow control. Switching servce 702 also

50 faciltates open systems' connectivity with both the Internet(a public switched network) and private networks includingback offce networks, such as bang networks. Intercon-nected application layer switches form the application net-work backbne. These switches are one significant aspect of55 the present invention.Management service 703 contains tools such as Informa-tion Management Services (IMS) and application NetworkManagement Services (NMS). These tools are used by theend users to manage network resources, including VAN60 switches. Management service 703 also provides applica-tions that perform Operations, Administration, Maintenance& Provisioning (OAM&P) functions. These OAM&P func-tions include security management, fault management, con-figuration management, performance management and bill-65 ing management. Providing OAM&P functions forapplications in this manner is another significant aspect ofthe present invention. ;2



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5,987,5009

Finally, application service 704 contains application pro-grams tliat deliver customer services. Application service704 includes POSvc applications sucli as Ban POSvcdescnbed above, and illustrated in FIG. 6A. Other examplesof VAN services include multi-media messaging, archivaVretrieval management, directory services, data staging,conferencing, financial services, home bankg, risk man-agement and a vanety of other vertical services. Eacli VANservice is designed to meet a particular set of requirementsrelated to performance, reliability, maintenance and ability 10to handle expected traffc volume. Depending on the type ofservice, the characteritics of the network elements willdifer. VAN service 704 provides a number of functionsincluding communications services for both managementand end usrs of tlie network and control for the user overthe user's environment.FIG. 8 is a flow diagram ilustrating one embodiment ofthe present invention. A user connects to a Web serverrunning an exchange component in step 802. In step 804, theuser issues a request for a transactional application, and theweb server hands off the request to an exchange in step 806.The exchange activates a graphical user interface to presentuser with a list of POSvc application options in step 808. Instep 8IO, the user makes a selection from the POSvcapplication list. In step 812, the switching component in the 25exchange switches the user to the selected POSvcapplication, and in step 8I4, the object routing componentexecutes the usr's request. Data is retrieved from theappropriate data repository via TMP in step 8I6, and fially,the user may optionally continue the transaction in step 8I8or end the transaction.Thus, a configurabIe value-added network switching andobject routing method and apparatus is disclosed. Thesespecifc arrangements and methods described herein aremerely ilustrative of the pnnciples of the present invention.Numerous modifcations in form and detail may be made bythose of ordinary skl in the art without departing from thescope of the present invention. Althougli this invention hasbeen shown in relation to a particular preferred einbodiment,it should not be considered so limited. Rather, the present 40invention is limited only by the scope of the appendedclaims.We claim:1. A 'configurable value-added network switch forenabling real-time transactions on a network, said confg- 45urable vlue-added network switch compromising:means for switching to a transactional application inresponse to a user specification from a networkapplication, said transactional application providing a

usr with a plurality of transactional services managedby at least one value-added network service provider,said value-added network service provider keeping atransaction flow captive, said plurality of transactionalservces being performed interactively and in real time;means for transmitting a trdnsaction request from said 55traisactional application; andmeans for processing said transaction request.2. The configurable value-added network switch asclaimed in claim I wherein said means for switching to atransactional application further compris:means for receiving; said user specification;means for enabling a switch to said transactional appli-cation; andmeans for activating said transactioDJI application.3. The configurable value-added network switch asclaimed in claim 2 wherein said means for activating said

10transactional application further includes means for creatinga transaction lin between said network application and saidtransactional application.

4. The configurable value-added network switch as5 claimed in claim 2 wherein said means for receiving saidusr specification futher compris:means for presenting said user with a lit of transactional

applications, each of said transactional applicationbeing associated with a particular value-added networkservice provider; and

means for submitting said user specification according toa user's selection of said transactional application fromsaid list of transactional applications.5. The configurable value-added network switch as15 claimed in claim 1 wherein said means for processing said

transaction request further comprises means for couplingsaid means for transmitting to a host means.6. The configurable value-added network switch as

claimed in claim 5 wherein said host means contains data20 corresponding to said transaction request.7. The configurable value-added network switch as

claimed in claim 1 wherein said value-added network ser-vice providers cooperating to provide said plurality oftransactional services to users.8. The configurable value-added network switch asclaimed in claim 1 further comprising means for controllingand prioritizing mulJiple transaction requests initiated byvarious users.9. The configurable value-added network switch as30 claimed in claim 1 futher cmpriing means for providingsecurity management, fault management, configurationmanagement, performance management and biling man-agement.iO. A method for confguring a value-added network35 s"""tch for enabling real-time transactions on a network, said

method for configuring said value-added network switchcompromising the steps of:switching to a transactional application in response to ausr specification from a network application, saidtransactional application providing a user with a plu-rality of transactional servces managed by at least onevalue-added network service provider, said value-added network service provider keeping a tranactionflow captive, sad plurality of transactional servicesbeing performed interactively and in real time;transmitting a transaction request from said transactionalapplication; and processing said transaction request.11. The method for coufguring said value-added network

50 switch as claimed in claim iO wherein said step of sv.'Itchingto a transactional application further comprises the steps of:receiving said user specifcation;enabling a switch to said transactional application; andactivating said tranactional application.12. The method for configuring said value-added networks""1tch as claimed in clai 11 wherein said step of activatingsaid transactional application futher includes a step ofcreating a transaction link between said network applicationand said transactional application.60 13. The method for configuring said value-added network

switch as claimed in claim 11 further comprising the stepsof:65

controlling security;performing fault management;providing configuration management;managing performance; and ;2



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11enabling biling management.14. The method for confguring said value-added network

switch as claimed in claim 11 wherein said step of receivingsaid user specification futher compries steps of:presenting said user with a list of transactional

applications, each of said transactional applicationbeing associated with a particular Internet service pro-vider; andsubmitting said user specification accordig to a user's

selection of said transactional application from said lit 10of transactional applications.15. The method for configuring said value-added networkswitch as claimed in claim 10 wherein said step of process-ing said transaction request further comprises the step oftransmitting said transaction request to a host means. 1516. The method for configuring said value-added network

swich as claimed in claim is wherein said host meanscontains data corresponding to said transaction request.17. The method for confgurig said value-added networkswitch as claimed in claim iO wherein said value-added 20network service providers cooperate to provide said pluralityof transactional services to said user.18. The method for confgurig said value-added networkswitch as claimed in claim 10 further compriing the step ofcontrollng and prioritizing multiple transaction requests 25initiated by various users.19. A method for enabling object routing on a network,said method for enabling object routing comprising the stepsof:

associating an object identity with information entries andattributes, wherein the object identity represents a net-worked object;storing said information entries and said attributes in avirtual information store; andassigning a unique network address to said object identity.20. The method in claim 19 wherein said step of associ-ating said object identity with said information entries and.said attributes in said virtual information store furtherincludes the step of associating a name, a syntax and an 40encoding for said object identity.21. The method in claim 20 wherein said name associatedwith said object identity specifes an object type.22. The method in claim 21 wherein said object type and

an object instance uniquely identify an instantiation of said 45object type.

23. The method in claim 22 wherein said syntax defiesa data structure for said object type.

24. The method in claim 19 futher compriing the step ofutiliing said unique network address to identify and route 50said object identity on the network.25. The method in claim 19 further comprising the step ofutiliing said unique network address to identify and routesaid object identity on the Internet.26. The method in claim 19 further comprising the step of 55utiliing said unique network address of said object identity

5,987,50012

to perform Operations, Admiistration, Maintenance & Pro-visioning (OAM&P) functions.27. An object router on a network, said object routercomprising:means for associating an object identity with informationentries and attributes, wherein the object identity rep-resents a networked object;means for storing said information entries and saidattributes in a virtual information store; andmeans for assigning a unique network address to saidobject identity.28. The object router in claim 27 wherein said means forassociating said object identity with said information entriesand said attributes in said virtual information store furtherincludes means for associating a name, a syntax and anencoding for said object identity.29. The object router in claim 28 wherein said name of

said object identity specifies an object type.30. The object router in claim 29 wherein said object typeand an object instance uniquely identify an instantiation ofsaid object type.

31. The object router in claim 30 wherein said syntaxdefines a data structure for said object type.

32. The object router in claim 27 further comprisingmeans for utilizing said unique network address to identifyand route said object identity on the network.33. The object router in claim 27 further comprisingmeans for utilzing said unique network address to identify30 and route said object identity on the Internet.34. The object router in claim 27 further comprising thestep of utilizing said unique network address of said object

identity to perform Operations, Administration, Mainte-nance & Provisioning (OAM&P) functions.35. A configurable value-added network system forenablig real-time transactions on a network, said con fig-urable value-added network system comprising:

means for switching to a transactional application inresponse to a user specification from a networkapplication, said transactional application providing ausr with a plurality of transactional servces managedby at least one value-added network service provider,said value-added network service provider keeping atransaction flow captive, said plurality of transactionalservices being performed interactively and in real time;means for activating an agent to create a transaction linkbetween said user application and said transactionalapplication;means for transmitting a transaction request from saidtransactional application; anda host means for processing said transaction request and

retrieving data corresponding to said transactionrequest.

35

* * * * *

;J ct



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(12) United States PatentArunachalam

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111US008108492B2

(10) Patent No.:(45) Date of Patent:

US 8,108,492 B2Jan. 31, 2012

(54) WEB APPLICATlON NETWORK PORTAL(76) Inventor: Lakshmi Arunachalam, Menlo Park,CA (US)( *) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term oftlispatent is extended or adjusted under 35U.S.C 154(b) by 0 days.(21) App!. No.: 12/628,060(22) Filed: Nov. 30, 2009(65) Prior Publication Data

us 201010306102 Al Dec. 2,2010

(60)Related U.S. Application Data

Division of application No. 11/980,185, filed on Oct.30, 2007, now Pat. No. 8,037,158, which is acontinuation-in-par of application No. 09/792,323,filed on Feb. 23, 2001, now Pat. NO.7 ,340,506, wluchis a division of application No. 09/296,207, filed onApr. 21, 1999, now Pat. No. 6,212,556, which is acontinuation-in-par of application No. 08/879,958,filed on Jun. 20, 1997, now Pat. No. 5,987,500, whichis a division of application No. 081700,726, filed onAug. 5, 1996, now PaL. No. 5,778,178.Provisional application No. 60/006,634, fied on Nov.13,1995.(60)

(51)(52)(58)

Int. Ct.G06F 13/00 (2006.01)U.S. CI. ......................... 709/2I9; 709/225; 709/228Field of Classification Search .................. 709/217,709/219,223,224,225,227,229See application file for complete search history.

(56) References CitedU.S. PATENT DOUMENTS

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WE PONT-o.PAGE SERVCEAPUCATIONS:i ll

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1/1991 GeIer et al.6/1992 Staas, Jr. et al.9/t992 Hamlarpoulos ct al.10/t992 Cradall7 il993 Blutinger et al.8/1993 Danielson et al.2/1994 Lindsey et al.311994 Bernstein et al.7/1994 Fraser et ai.7/1994 Page et al.9/1994 Filepp et al.I II 1994 Bauer et al.1/1995 Kightetal.41 t995 Dellafera et al.

(Continued)FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

WO WO 97/t8515 Al 5fl997WO WO 00/63781 Al tO/2000OTHER PUBLICATIONS

U.S. Appl. No. 12/268,060, filed Nov. 30,2009, Aiunachalam.U.S. Appl. No. 12/628,066, filed Nov. 30, 2009, Arunachalam.U.s. Appl. No. 12/628,068, filed Nov. 30, 2009, Arnachalain.U.S. Appl. No. 12/628,069, fied Nov. 30, 2009, Arunachalam.(Continued)

Primary Examiner - Viet Vu

(57) ABSTRACTThe present invenrion provides a method and apparanis forproviding real -time, two-way transactional capabilities on theWeb. Specifically, one embodiment of the present inventiondiscloses a method for enabling object routing, the methodcomprising the steps of creating a virtal information storecontaining information enTries and attrbutes associating eachof the information entres and the attnbutes with an objectidentity, and assignng a unque network address to each ofthe object identities. A method is also disclosed for enablingservice management of the value-added netork service, toperfonn OAM&P functions on the services network.

13 Claims, 13 DrawIng Sheets

OPERTORAGENT

WESEAVER ~EXCHGE ~Q

VANSWITCH OBECTRO~ 52



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OTHER PUBLICATIONSOrder, Motion to Bifurcate and for ealy tral on the Issue ofInequi-table Conduct, on Mar. 19, 2009, Dismissal with Prejudice, orderdaed Dec. 30, 2009, Denied as Moot, Order Granted, signed by JJF,C.A. No. 08-131 (JJF), Allstate Doket #155.Order, Motion to Bifurcate and for ealy trial on the Issue ofInequi-table Conduct, on Mar. 19, 2009, Dismissal with Prejudice, orderdaed De". 30, 2009, Denied as Moot, CA. No. 08-132 (JJf) andC.ANo. 08.133 (JJF) , Dell Docket # I 55, signed by JJF, Order, Motion toBifucate and for ealy trial on the Issue ofInequitable Conduct, onMar. 19,2009, Dismissal with Prejudice, order dated Dec. 30,2009,Denied as Moot, CA. No. 08-132 (JJF) and C.A. No. 08-133 (JJF),Dell Docket 11155.PlaintiffWebXchange Inc.'s Surreply in Opposition to Defendants'Motion to 8ifiircare, and for Early Trial on, tbe Issue of Inequit,~bJeConduct (CA. No. 08-132 (JJF) and CA. No. OS-133 (JJF) , isGranted Plaintiffs Surreply in Opposition to Defendant's Motion 10Bifucate and tr Ealy Trail on, The Issue on Inequitable Conduct isdeemed Ied(Entered Dec. 30, 2009), Dell Docket #157.Dell Inc. 's Second Amended Answer and Counterclaims toWebxChange Inc.'s Original Complaint for Patent Infringement(Entered: Jan. 20, 2010), Dell Docket #164.PlaintiffWebxChange Inc.'s Surreply in Oposition to Defendants'Motion to Bifurcate, and for Ealy Trial on, The Issue ofInequitableConcluct(Entered Dec. 30, 2009), Fed.ex Docket #212.Memoranum Opinion CA. OS-133-JJF, and CA. 08-132-JJF(Entered Dec. 30, 2009), Fedex Doket #215.Defendant's Fedex Corporation, Fedex Kinko's Offce & Print Ser-vices, lo., and Fedex Corporae Seivices, In".'s Second AmendedAnswer, Affatve Defenses. and Counterclais to PlaintiffWebXchange, Inc.'s Complaint (Etered Jan. 20, 2010), FedexDocket tl2 I 7 .U.S. Appl. No. 60(208,057, filed May 31, 2000, Krichilsky.U.S. AppL No. 081168,519, filed De. 1993, Gifford.UIUC, "The Conuon Gateway Intedace", pp. 1-4, http:/hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.e~u/cgilprimer.html, Retrieved on May 22, 2001; WBX000.Arold, K. et ai., "Meda. Independent Interfaces in a Media-Depen.dent World", USENIX Conferenct: on Object-Oriented Technolo.gies, Monterey, CA Jun. 1995, WBXOO i.Arshad K.M. etal., "A CORBA base framework fortnsied E-Com-merce Transactions", Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Con.ference, pp. 18-25, EDOC '99 Scp. 27, 1999, WBX002.Atkinson, R. , RFC i 825: "Security Architecture for the InternelProtocol", Naval Reseach laboratory, Category: Standafds Track,Network Working Group, Aug. 1,1995, WBX007.Banks, M. , "AJnerica Online: !\ Graphics.based Success", Link-Up,Jan/Feb. 1992, WBX008.Banks, 1\ , "Compuserve for Windows". M.1.S Press, 1994,WBX009.

Baquero, Cet al.,..Integrtion ofC..ncurrency C.ontrol in a L.anguagewith Subtying and Subclassing",USENIX Conference on Objecl-Ofiented Technologies, Jun. 1995,WBXOIO.Baron, C. and \Veil, B., "Dr. Dobbs Portl: Implementing a WebShopping Car", Onlin Transations in PERL, Sc. i, 1996WBXOII.Bharar, K. et al. , "Visual Obliq: A System for Building Distributed,Multi.User Applications by Direct Manipulation", SRC BOa, DEC,Oct. 31, 1995, WBXOI2.Bharar,K.et aI .,"Distributed Applications in a Hypermeda Setting",Proc. Inti Workshop on Hypenneda Design.htt.www.cc.gatech.edugvipeoplePhDKrishnaIWHD.htmLJun. i, 1995 WBXOI3."CyberCash Cash Register Internet Payment Service". retrieved May23, 2001 htp://ww.cybercash.coin cashregister pp. 1-2. 1996,WBX034."CyberCash-eash Register-How it Works" retrieved May 23,200 Ihttp://ww.cybercash.comlcashregisterlhowitworks.htmlpp .1-3.1996. WBX035."CyberCash-Industr Leading Features" retrieved May 23, 2001htt://v.ww.cybcrcash.coincashregister/fcatureslitml pp. 1-4. 1996,WBX036."CybcrCash Cash Register-Dnline Secure Payment Seivice"CashRegisler Demos.retrieved May 23,2001 htt://ww.webdta.cybcrcash.coinldemos/ pp. 1-2. 1996, WBX038."CybcrCash FraudPatrol.TM. Service" retrieved oMay 23, 2001htt://v.ww.cybcrcash.coinfraudpol!pp. 1-2. 1996, WBX039."CybcrCash FraudPatrol-How iiWorks" retrieved on May 23,2001htt://v.ww.cybcrcash.coinlfraudpatol/howitworks.htmlpp. 1-2'96, WBX040."CybcICash Home", htt://www.cybcrcash.com (retrieved on May23,2001) 1996, WBX041."CybcrCash ICVerifY for Windows" Version 2.5 Upgrade, http://ww.cybercash.com/icverifY/upgrade.htmlpp. 1.2 (relJieveci onMay 23, 2001) 1996 , \VBX043.Cybcrcash, "ICVERIFY-Features" relJieved on May 23, 2001htt://v.ww.cybercash.coinicverify/features.hrml,i996,pr. 1.3,WBX044.Brando, T., "Comparing DeE and CORDA", Mitre Document MP95B-93, Mar. I, 1995, WBXOI8.Business Wire, "Open Market releases fist complete softare solu.tion" 1995, WBX025.Business Wire, "Sunsoft d.elivers early access release of DistributedObjects Environment", Jun. 14, 1995, WBX026.Case, J. et ai. , "Network Management and the Design of SNMP",Connexxions(ISSN 0894.5926), voL. 3, No.3, Mar. 1989, WBX027.Chung, S. eta!. "A Heterogeneous Distributed Intonntion System",IEEE, pp. 443-447, 1993, WBX029.Courtney, A.,"Phantom: An Inteipretecl Language for DistributedPrograming", Proeedngs of USE NI Conference on Object.Ori-ented Technologies, Monterey, CA, Jun. 1995, WX030.Cybcrcash, "Affliate Maketing Service", htt://www.cybrcash.comlproductslafliatemarketing.htm (retreved on May 23, 2001)1996, WBX03l."Cybeash B2B Payment Seivices", htt:(/ww.cybcrcash.comlb2bpp. 1.2 (retrieved May 23, 2001) 1996, WBX032.CybclCash B2BSeivices, 1996, WBX033.CybcrCash Cash Register Internet Payment Seivice-nline SecurePayment Seivice. retrieved on May 23, 200lfrom http://ww.cybcrcah.coincasluegister pp. 1-2, '96,WBX034."CyberCash-Cash Regster-How it Works" retrieved May 23,2001 from htt://\vww.cybercash.comlcashregisterlhowitworks.htin! pp. 1-3. '96,WBX035."CyberCash-Industr Leading Features",retrieved May 23, 2001htt://v.ww.cybcrcash.coincashregister/features.htmlpp. i -4, 1996,WBX036."CyberCash Cash Register-Dnline Secure Payment Service"CashRegister Demos.retrieved May 23, 2001 htt://wwwwebdta.cybercash.coiiildemoSipp. 1.2 1996, WBX038."CyberCash FraudPatrol.TM. Service" retreved on May 23, 2001http:/i,,'wwcybcrcash.coin/fraudpatol! pp. I -2. 1996, WBX039."CybeiCash Frautlatol-How It Works" retrieved onMay 23,2001. httJlwwwcybercash.com.'tfaudpatrol/bowitv,'orks.html pp.1.21996,WBX040.

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Cybercash, "ICVerifY-Features" retrieved on May 23, 2001 fromhtt://ww.cybercash.comlicvenfY/featues.html. 1996, pp. 1-3,WBX044.Cybercash, "Payment Softare for Brick and Mort Merchants"htt://ww.cybercash.comlpcauthonze 1996-2001, WBX046.Dr. Gui on Compnents, COM and ATL, htt://indn.microsoft.comllibraiy/welcomedslJsnmsdn_druion020298.htm, Feb. 2, 1998,pp. (-61 (retrieved on May 22, 2001), WBX057.Cybercash, "Products" 1996. retrieved on May 23,200 I from -cURL:htt://ww.CyberCash.coinlproducts/, 1996, pp. 1-2, WBX04S.Cybercash. "WebAuthorize-Enterprise and Hosting Payment Pro-cessing". retrieved on May 23. 2001from -CURL:http:/ww.cybercash.comlwebauthorize/, 1996,pp. 1-2, WBX050.Davis et aI., "A Protocol and Serer for a Distibuted Digital Tech-nical Report Libraiy", Apr. 25, 1994, WBX05L.Davison, A. , "Coding with HTML forms HT!l1L goes interactive",(hypertext markup language)(utoriaI), Dr. Dobb's Joural, Jun. 6,1995, voL. 20, No.6, 19 pages, WBX052a.Davison, A. , "Coding with HTML forms: HTML goes interactive",Dr. Dobb's Journal, Jun. 6, 1995, vol. 20, No.6, pp. 70-79,WBX052b."Distributed Object Technology in the Financial Services Industr:Trading and Risk Management", A White Paper, Sun Microsysteins,1995, WBX053.Deng, R.H. et al. , "Integrating Security in CORBA.based Architec-tures", IEEE, Jun. 1995, pp. 50.61, WBX054.Detlefs,D.et al.,Debugging Storage Management Probleins in Gar-bage Collected Environments, Proc of USENIX Conference onObject-Oriented Technologies, Monterey,CA,Jun. 1995, WBX055.Dietinger, T. , Object-Oriented Implementation of a MultiprotocolHypr-G client for MS-Windows, Diplomameit inTelematik, 11JGraz, Jul. 1, 1995. WBX056.Birrell l\. et al. , "Netork Objects", SRC Research Report, Feb. 2S,1994, WBXOI4.Edwards, N. ,Objeci Wr.iping (for WWW)-The Key to IntegratedSerices, ANSA Phas II, Apr. 25. 1995, WBX05S.

Ehikioya,S.A.,"An Agent-Based Sy~tem for Distributed Transac-tions: a Model for Internet-Based lransactions",Elec and ComputerEngg IEEE Caadian Conf,VI,May 9, 1999,p. 289-294,WBX059.Microsoft DJ Order, C-OS-o5149 WHA "Order Granting Defen-dat's Motion to Dismiss", Federal Court of Nortern California,Feb. 17,2009, WBX060."Port Solutions, an Open Maret eBusiness Solution Bnef'. WhitePapr. Opn Maket, Forrester Reseach TechIings, Feb. 2001,WBX061."Wireless Solutions, An Open Market eBusiness Solution Brief',WhitePape. Open Market, Forrester Resech Tech Rakings, Feb.2001, WBX062.Fraa, J. et aI. , ':'" Prograrg Model for Rea-Tire Applicationsin Open Distributed Systems". IEEE, 1995, pp. 104-11 i, WBX063.Birrell A. et aI., "implementing Remote Proure Calls", XeroxPalo Alto Reseach Center, ACM Trasactions, Feb. i, 1994 ,WBX015.Bowen, C. etal., "How to Get the Most out ofCouipuServe" 5th Ed.1991, Radom House, Inc. 1991, WBXOI6.Braen, R. et aI. . RFC i 122: "Requirements for Internet Hosts-Conununication Layers" Oct. 1,1989, WBX017.Broadvision, "Broadvision One.to-One: On -line Marketing and Seil-ing Application System Developers' Guide", 1995. WBX020.Broadvision, "Broadvision One-to-One: On-Line Marketing andSelling Application System: Dyamc Conud Center User'sGuide", 1995. WBX02L.Broadvision, "Broadvision One-to-One: On-Line Mareting andSelling Application System: Installation and System AdininistrajonGuide" 1995. WBX022.Broadvision, "Broadvision One-to-One: On-Line Marketing andSelling Application System: Technical Overview", 1995, WBX023.Glossbrenner. A. , "Ylaslei011ide 10 Compuserve", "Charier 15:Travel Services: Join CompuServe and Seethe World", Preniice Hall,1987. WBX065.

Gross,C.,"Dlking the Splash Diving into ISAPI",JSAPJ Program-ming,Microsoft Interactive Developer, www.Microsoft.comlmindlOI97/ISAPI.htm,Jan. i, 1997, pp. 1-IO,retieveday 22, 2001WBX066."Open Market Inc, Managing in a Turblent Environment", HarardBusiness School, 9.196-097, Aug. 29, 1996, WBX067.Hickey, M., "Shopping at Home: One Modern Line, No Waiting",Home PC, Dec. i, 1994, p. 3D?, Dialog, file 647, Acc# 01038162,WBX068A.Lag, "Cashing In: The Rush is on to Buy and Sell on the Internet Buton Sidelines for Now", Adverising Age, Dec. 19, 1994, p. i i, Dialog,File 16, Acc# 05419137, WBX068B.Lichty, T. , "Arenca Online Tour Guide", Macintosh Edition, Ver-sion 2, Chapter I, 3, 8,10, 1992, WBX068C.Tyret, Wikipcia, the free encyclopedia, htt://en.wikipedia.orglwiki/tymet, Retrieved on May I, 2007, WBX06SD.Cox, B. et al. , "NetBill Seurity and Transaction Protocol", CaregieMilon Univerily, Pittsburgh, PA i 5212-3890. undaed WBX068E.Laond. K. et al. , "Credit Cad Transactions Rea World andOnline", http://ww. virualschool.edu/mon/leclronPropertylklamondlcrediLcard.htm, 1996, pp. 1-16, WBX06SF."Open Market Catalog Centre",Enterprise Contenl,ww.openmaket.comcgi-bingx. .cgil AppLogic+Ff- ContentServer?pagenae~ FutureTensel Aps!XceleratelRender&c~ Arti_ZZZ,WBX069.Business Wire. High Beam Wire, "Open Market releases fist com-plete software solution" Oct. 16, 1995, WBX070.McCtoghrie, K. et al. , RFC 1156, "Management Infonnation Basefor Network Management ofTCPflP-based intemets", May I, 1990. WBX07L.Case, J. et aI., RFC 1157 May I. 1990, WBX072.Rose, M.. RFC i 283:"SNMP over OSI", Dec. I, 1991, WBX073.Rose, M. et aI., lUC 1155: "Structure and Identification ofManage-ment Infonnaion for TCP/IP.based internets", May 1, 1990,WBX074.Case, J. etal. ,RFC 1442: "StrctureotManagement Informion forversion 2 ofthe Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)",AllState 0001 1394 Apr. I, 1993, WBX075."ORB1X Prograner's Guide", IONA 1echnologies, Oct. i, 1997,WBX076A-E."ORBIX Programmer's Guide", Release 1.3.1, IONA Technologies,Feb. I, 1995, VVBX077.Ito, 1. et aI., "Using meta-Qbjects to support optimization in theApertos Operating System", USENIX Conference on Object-Ori-ented Technologies, Monterey, CA, Jun. 1995, WBX078.Jorda, M. et 31.. "Softare Configuation Mangement in an Object-Onented Datse", lJSENIX Conference on Object-OrientedTechnologies,Monterey,CA.Jun. 1995, WBX079.Kae, P. , "Prodigy Made Easy", "Chapter 6, Shopping Made Easy",2nd ed., 1993, WBX080.Laoze, C. et al., "Dienst: Implementation Reference Manual", May5; 1995, WBX08L.Open Market Commerce Products, Enterprise Content ww.openmet .comcgi .bin gx .cgi!AppLogic+FTContentServer?pageJlaine~FutureTensel AppslXcelerate/Render&c~A_ZZZ, WBX082.Lage, D.B. et aI., "Program Explorer: A Progr Visualizer forC++". Proceedings of the USENIX Conference on Object-OrientedTechnologies, Monterey, CA Jun. 1995, WBXOS3.Lafer. K. , "A Framework for Higher Order Functions in C++",Proceedings oftbe USEN1X Conference on Object- Oriented Tech-nologies, Monterey. CA, Jun. 1995, WBX084.Li, G. and Bacon, J., "Supporting Distributed Rea-Time Objects",IEEE Jul. 1994, pp. 138-143, WBX085.Limprecht, R., "Microsoft Transaction Server", IEEE. Compcon '97Proceedings, 1997, pp. 14-18, WBX086.Mafeis, S., "Adding Group Commnication and Fault-Tolerance toCORBA". Proceedings of the USENIX Conference on Object-Ori.emed Technologies, Monterey.c.,. Jun. 1995, WBX087.\ol;iindra. A. el al. , "Dynunic Inserlion of Object Services". Pro.ceedings of the USENlX Conference on Object. Oriented Technolo.gics. Mor:tcrcy,CA, Jun. 1995, WBX088.

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McCloghrie, K. et a!., RFC 1213, "Maagement Infonnation Basefor Netork Management of TCP/IP.baed intemets: MIBI-II",SNMP WorCng Group, Mar. I, 1991, WBX089.McCloghie, K. et ai., RFC 1447, "Pary MIB tor version 2 of theSIMPLE Network Management Protocol", SNMP Security WorkigGroup, Apr. I, 1993, WBX090.McKie, S.. "EEP Meets Web E.Coinmerce", DBMS, Jul. 1, 1998,WBX091.McMaster D. etal., RFC 1516: "802.3 Repater devices-Definitionof Managed Objects", Feb. 9, 1992, WBX092."Allstate Connects with Countride Producer Network in SevenMonths Using Microsoft Visual Studio.NET and the .NE Frae-work", Microsoft.Net Customer Solution, Jan. 2003, WBX 093.O'Brien Jones, U.S. App!. No. 90/010,346 which is the 5,778,178Rc-ear doc, Exhibits Part I.WBXIOI, Exhibits Par 2-WBXI02,Nov. 21, 200S Third Par Requests, WBX094."Microsoft Component Services, Server Operating System, A Tech-nology Overview", http://ww.microsoft.comlcom/wpapr/compsvcs.asp,Aug. 15, 1998, (retreved on May 22,2001), WBX095.Allstae Uses Web Services (0 Quickly Create Insuce Policy Man-agement Solution, Microsoft .NET Customer Solution Case Study,Jan. 2005, WBX098.Mitchell et aI., "An Overview of the Spring

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