PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Climate and Vegetation Chapter What you will learn in this chapter Summary of the...

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Climate and VegetationClimate and VegetationChapterChapter

What you will learn in this chapter

Summary of the chapter

Test your geographic knowledge by playing the GeoGame.

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Main IdeasMain Ideas

GEOGRAPHY SKILLSHANDBOOK


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Climate and VegetationClimate and VegetationChapterChapter 3 3

Main Ideas

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GRAPHICSection 1: Seasons and Weather

Seasons and weather occur because of the changing position of the earth in relation to the sun.

Weather extremes are related to location on the earth.

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Section 2: Climate

Climate reflects the seasonal patterns of weather for a location over a long period of time.

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Global climatic changes may be natural or human-made.

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Main Ideas

Section 3: World Climate Regions

Temperature and precipitation define climate regions.

Broad climate definitions help to identify variations in weather at a location over the course of a year.

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Section 4: Soils and Vegetation

Soil and climate help to determine the vegetation of a region.

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Human land use alters the vegetation in both positive and negative ways.

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GRAPHIC

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Summary

Seasons and Weather

• Seasons occur because of the earth’s revolution and tilt.

• Weather is the condition of the atmosphere on a daily basis.

• Weather extremes disrupt normal patterns of living.

continued . . .

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Climate

• Climate is the atmospheric condition over a long period of time.

• Climate is affected by wind and ocean currents, latitude, elevation, and

topography.

• Global climate changes include El Niño and the greenhouse effect.

continued . . .

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World Climate Regions

continued . . .

• There are five basic climate regions: tropical, dry, mid-latitude,

high latitude, and highland.

• The two most significant factors in climate are temperature and

precipitation.

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Soils and Vegetation

• Soil characteristics include texture, depth, and humus content.

• Soil and climate are major influences on vegetation regions.

• Vegetation patterns are based on ecosystems.

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GeoGame

Review what you’ve learned in this chapter with the GeoGame Challenge!

5 points Places & TermsPlaces & Terms

10 points Seasons and WeatherSeasons and Weather

20 points Geographic ChallengeGeographic Challenge

Choose a category. Answer the question and keep score of the points you earn. Click “GeoGame Home” to choose a different category.

10 points ClimateClimate

10 points Soils and VegetationSoils and Vegetation

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Places & Terms (5 points each)

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It is more important to consider weather when daily activities are concerned.

1. In what type of situation would it be more important to know about weather instead of climate?

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Weather is a daily activity and is part of the overall climate pattern.

2. How are climate and weather related?

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ecosystem, biome, rain forest, and savanna

3. Which terms deal with types of vegetation?

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Precipitation is the result of the convection movement of warm, moist air.

4. What role does convection play in precipitation?

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greenhouse effect

5. What deals with increases in average global temperature?

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continued . . .

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El Niño

6. What has to do with dramatic changes in Pacific Ocean water temperature?

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continued . . .

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Rain forests are found near the equator in North and South America, Africa, and Asia.

7. What is the relative location of rain forests?

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They are all terms for grasslands in different regions of the world.

8. What does savanna have in common with steppe and prairie?

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10 points

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Seasons and WeatherSeasons and Weather

Geographic ChallengeGeographic Challenge

ClimateClimate

Soils and VegetationSoils and Vegetation

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Seasons and Weather (10 points each)

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earth’s revolution and tilt

1. What causes the changing seasons on earth?

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continued . . .

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solar energy, water vapor, cloud cover, landforms and bodies of water, elevation, and air movement

2. What are the major factors that cause weather?

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convection, orographic, and frontal

3. What are the different types of precipitation?

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Climate (10 points each)

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1. How do ocean currents affect climate?

By moving warm water from one location to another, and winds blowing over the warm waters transfer the heat to new locations.

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Causes include a natural cycle change or the introduction of heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere by humans.

2. What might be some causes of global warming?

continued . . .

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tropical, mid-latitude, high latitude, dry, and highland

3. What are the five basic climate regions?

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Soils and Vegetation (10 points each)

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Climate may affect soil depth, texture, weathering, humus, and acidity.

1. How does climate affect soil?

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Soils and Vegetation (10 points each)

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Forestlands are defined by the type of trees found there: deciduous, coniferous, or mixed.

2. How are forestlands defined?

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Geographic Challenge (20 points each)

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Global warming might change temperature and precipitation patterns.

1. How might the climate of an area be affected by global warming?

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PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Climate and Vegetation Chapter What you will learn in this chapter Summary of the...

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