PHYS 2070 final project
description
Transcript of PHYS 2070 final project
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09/04/2013
Kelvin Au
PHYS 2070 FINAL PROJECT
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NGC 6503
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• Morphological Type: SA(s)cd
• Right Ascension (J2000): 17hr. 49min. 26.514sec.
• Declination (J2000): +70deg. 08' 39.63“
• Size: 4.7’ x 1.5’
• Physical Size (Diameter) (ly): 56317.5
• Visual (Apparent) Magnitude: 10.83
• Visual (Absolute) Magnitude: -18.82
• Surface Brightness (m ”-2): 21.6
Aladin, SIMBAD, VizieR, Starry Night Planetarium Software
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Starry Night Planetarium Software
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InfraredIRAS Survey: 100
OpticalDigitized Sky Survey
Radio0408 MHz: HI All-Sky
Continuum Survey
X-RayHEAO 1A
X-RayRASS Broad
OrientationUp – NorthLeft – East
Image Credit: SkyView
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DATA & OBSERVATIONS
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• Date: February 12/13, 2013
• Image Capture Time: 22:43 CST
• Temperature: -9°C
• Seeing: Excellent
• Cloud Cover: 5%
• Sky Glow 1/5
• Transparency: Excellent
• FWHM of Focus Star: 4-6 px.
• Moon Phase: Waxing Crescent
• Moonrise: 08:21:23 CST
• Moonset: 21:08:59 CST
• Sunrise: 07:43 CST
• Sunset: 17:42 CST
• SQM: 20.05, 20.03, 20.12
• Focus Displayed: 242
• FWHM of Target 2-11
OBSERVATION CONDITIONS
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IMAGE PROCESSING
• Master Bias
• Master Dark
• Master Flat
• Reducing the Image
• Had to split into 3 substacks
• Ended up using 24 frames
• Final Image
Bias
Dark
Flat
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499 x 426 pixels
OrientationDown – NorthLeft – East
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16 Colour LUT
Log Up LUT & Negative
OrientationDown – NorthLeft – East
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CURRENT RESEARCH & KNOWLEDGE
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BACKGROUND• The problem with Rotation Curves…
• Maximum Disc Hypothesis
• Influence of Dark Matter
Image Adapted: PhilHibbs, Wikipedia Commons
(Binney et al. 1998)
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• ‘The maximum rotation of a galactic disc’ (Bottema 1997)
• Find quantity of dark matter contained in a galaxy
• Assumptions made
• Model formulated
• Apply to NGC 6503 & NGC 1560
• NGC 6503 being a normal sized galaxy with normal surface brightness
RESEARCH PAPER
(Bottema 1997)
Image Adapted: (Bottema 1997)
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FOCUS AREA
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CALCULATE THE DISTANCE TO NGC 6503!
(This was way more involved than I was hoping for!)
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• Use Distance Modulus to find the Distance
• Need Apparent Magnitude
• Image Measurements
• Need Absolute Magnitude
• Tully-Fisher Relation
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Find Apparent Magnitude of Galaxy
• Used contour to find the flux count
OrientationDown – NorthLeft – East
Gaussian Blur: 5px.
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Find Apparent Magnitude of Galaxy
• Used contour to find the flux count
• Compare magnitude to count of known star for scale
Image Credit: ALADIN
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Find Apparent Magnitude of Galaxy
• Used contour to find the flux count
• Compare magnitude to count of known star for scale
• Apparent magnitude formula
Galaxy: F1=1847180
Comparison Star: F2 = 26605.3376, m2 = 14.819
Apparent magnitude: m = 10.08
(VizierR, SIMBAD)
CompareB Band: 10.90J Band: 8.201
(This is slightly reassuring!)
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Find Absolute Magnitude of Galaxy
• Tully-Fisher Relation
(Binney et al. 1998, Rhee et al. 2005)
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Find Absolute Magnitude of Galaxy
• Tully-Fisher Relation
Remember the value as obtained from Rhee et al.’s paper
(Rhee et al. 2005)
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Finally Assembling the Pieces
• Can’t use the apparent magnitude (10.08) that was measured
Remember the value as obtained from Rhee et al.’s paper
d = 6.76 Mpc.
d = 7.32 Mpc.
d = 8.09 Mpc.
(Rhee et al. 2005)
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Finally Assembling the Pieces
• Can’t use the apparent magnitude (10.08) that was measured
• Compare
Literature Values
Rhee et al. (2005): 4.4 Mpc.
Bottema (1997): 6.0 Mpc.
Starry Night: 8.55 Mpc.
Calculated Values
iflat: 6.76 Mpc.
imax: 7.32 Mpc.
Rhee et al. (2005): 8.09 Mpc.
Starry Night Values: 8.09 Mpc.
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FINAL REMARKS
• The whole apparent magnitude determination was basically pointless
• At least it seemed correct
• Final distance values – not bad
• Error! So much error!
• Way more work than I hoped for…
• But I learned a lot… (I guess…)
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CITATIONS
Binney J, Merrifield M. 1998. Relative Distance Estimators. In Galactic Astronomy, Princeton University Press. Princeton. 796pp.
Bottema R. 1997. The maximum rotation of a galactic disc. 328:517-525. arXiv:astro-ph/970623v1.
http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9706230v1
Rhee M, Broeils A. 2005. HI LINEWIDTHS, ROTATION VELOCITIES AND THE TULLY-FISHER RELATION. Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences.
22:2:89-112.http://koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=OJOOBS_2005
_v22n2_89
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CITATIONS
SIMBAD Astronomical Database. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/
VizieR Service.http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR
SkyView. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.http://skyview.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Aladin Sky Atlas.http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr/aladin.gml
PhilHibbs. GalacticRotation2.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GalacticRotation2.svg
Starry Night planetarium software and ImageJ image software were used.