Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches...

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Phylum Chordata

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Transcript of Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches...

Page 1: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Phylum Chordata

Page 2: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Phylum Chordata

• Deuterostomes• The four traits ALWAYS

– Notochord– Pharyngeal slits/pouches– Hollow, dorsal nerve cord– Postanal tail

• Other traits– Endostyle or thyroid gland– Segmental musculature

Page 3: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

It’s What All the Chordates are Wearing

Page 4: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

It’s What All the Chordates are Wearing

Page 5: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Stages & Events of Chordate EmbryogenesisDevelopmental Process Embryonic Stage

Fetus

NeurulationNeurulation

Zygote

Morula

Blastula

Gastrula

Neurula

Pharyngula

Page 6: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Cleavage Generates a Blastula

Page 7: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.
Page 8: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Gastrulation & Neurulation

Page 9: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.
Page 10: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.
Page 11: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Fates of Embryonic Germ Layers

Page 12: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Gastrulation & Neurulation

Page 13: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Notochord

• Embryonic mesodermal structure

• Induces neural tube formation• Serves as a dorsal support

structure

Page 14: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Notochord & Formation of Neural Tube

N

N

NTNT

NTNT

Page 15: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.
Page 16: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Pharyngula Staged Vertebrate Embryos

Page 17: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Chordate Cladistics

Page 18: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Phylogenetic Relationship between Echinoderms, Hemichordates & Chordates

Page 19: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Chordate Phylogeny

Page 20: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Urochordata

• Protochordates– SP Urochordata

• Notochord only in tail• Tadpole-like larvae

– Class Ascidiacea– Class Thaliacea– Class Larvacea

Ascidian

Thaliacian

Larvacian

Page 21: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Urochordate Larvae

Page 22: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Ascidian Larvae & Metamorphosis

Page 23: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Ascidian Adult Anatomy

Page 24: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Solitary AscidiansClavelina puertosecensis

Page 25: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Compound Tunicate Colony

Page 26: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Class Thaliacea (Salps)

Page 27: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Class Larvacea

Page 28: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

The Ancestral Chordate

?

Page 29: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Phylum Chordata Subphylum Cephalochordata

• Maintain chordate structures throughout life

• Segmental myomeres very apparent

• Notochord extends entire length of body

Page 30: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Amphioxus Maintains All Chordate Characters• Notochord• Dorsal neural tube• Pharyngeal slits/pouches originate from neural crest

– Analogous to gill slits, inner ear & larynx• Postanal tail

– Extension of body muscle beyond anal opening

tail

Page 31: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Amphioxus

Page 32: Phylum Chordata. Deuterostomes The four traits ALWAYS –Notochord –Pharyngeal slits/pouches –Hollow, dorsal nerve cord –Postanal tail Other traits –Endostyle.

Pikaia• Earliest known fossil chordate• Burgess shale of BC• Obvious similarity to

cephalochordates


Echinoderm Characteristics Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Echinoderms are Deuterostomes Echinoderms are deuterostomes – a major transition in the phylogeny.

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Chapter 30 The Animal Kingdom The Deuterostomes. Deuterostomes 2 nd main branch of animal kingdom Mouth second, Anus first Radial cleavage, indeterminate.

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Evolution of Hox gene clusters in deuterostomes

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How do these taxa relate?. How do these embryological features relate to Deuterostomes and Protostomes?

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