Fish. Vertebrates (Subphylum Vertebrata) –Backbone enclosing a nerve cord, or spinal cord Phylum...
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Transcript of Fish. Vertebrates (Subphylum Vertebrata) –Backbone enclosing a nerve cord, or spinal cord Phylum...
![Page 1: Fish. Vertebrates (Subphylum Vertebrata) –Backbone enclosing a nerve cord, or spinal cord Phylum Chordata –Notochord –Pharyngeal pouches –Postanal tail.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062216/56649d355503460f94a0c42c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fish
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• Vertebrates (Subphylum Vertebrata)– Backbone enclosing a nerve cord, or spinal cord
• Phylum Chordata – Notochord– Pharyngeal pouches– Postanal tail– Dorsal Nerve Chord
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• Phylum Chordata– Subphylum Vertebrata– Class Agnatha, Jawless fishes, (Hagfishes and Lampreys)
– Class Chondrichthyes, Cartilaginous fishes, (Sharks, Sharks and Rays, Ratfishes)
– Class Osteichthyes, Bony fishes
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Fig. 8.1
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Tab. 8.1
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Class Agnatha: Jawless Fishes
• Hagfishes and lampreys
• lack jaws, most primitive of living fishes
• Feed by suction
• Lack paired fins and scales
•Hagfish (slime eels)
•Lampreys, freshwater
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Class Chondrichthyes: Cartilaginous Fishes
•Sharks, rays, skates, and ratfishes
•Endoskeleton of cartilage
•Paired fins, movable jaws, gill slits
•Rough sandpaper – like skin
• placoid scales
• pointed tip that is directed backward
• same composition as teeth
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Fig. 8.3
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Class Osteichthyes: Bony Fish
• Largest group of living vertebrates
• Gills covered by operculum
• Usually swim bladder
• Highly maneuverable fins
• Cycloid scales
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Biology of Fishes
•Body ShapeDirectly related to its lifestylePredator or preyStreamlined, flattened, elongated, etcUsed for camouflage
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Fig. 8.4
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Biology of Fishes
• Coloration
– Chromatophores
• Locomotion– Swim using a sideways movement of the body and tail– Pectoral fins and tail
• Aid sharks with buoyancy
• Aid bony fish maneuver/swim
• Feeding– Carnivorous, herbivorous, filter feeders
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Fig. 8.11
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Fig. 8.10
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Fig. 8.12
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• Digestion– Same set up as all vertebrates
• Respiratory System– Obtain oxygen filtered from the water– Cartilaginous Fish
• First pair of gill slits modified into spiracles (pull water in)
– Gill filaments, fleshy projections• Lamellae, increase surface area
– Diffusion, countercurrent system of flow
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Fig. 8.6
Counter – current flow
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• Regulation of Internal Environment
– Marine fishes keep a constant internal environment
• Kidneys, gills, “drinking” water, rectal gland
• Cartilaginous fishes increase their solute concentration in their
blood
– Urea
– Created by breaking down proteins.
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• Single – loop Blood Circulation– Simple chamber – pump heart
• Blood collects in atrium and leaves through ventricle
• In from body out to the gills
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• Nervous System and Sensory Organs– Central Nervous System– Olfactory sacs, sense of smell, opens to nares– Taste buds– Barbels– Nictitating membrane– Lateral line, detect vibrations in the water (neuromasts)
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Biology of Fishes
• Behavior
– Territoriality
– Schooling
– Migration
• Anadromous, fishes spend most of their lives in the sea but
migrate to fresh water to breed
• Catadromous, fishes spend most of their lives in fresh water but
migrate to salt water to breed
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• Reproduction and Life History– Urogenital Opening
• sperm or eggs
– Hermaphrodites– Courtship– Internal fertilization
• Copulation
• Males cartiliginous fishes have claspers
– External fertilization
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Biology of Fishes
• Oviparous– Spawn eggs
• Ovoviviparous– Eggs are retained in reproductive tract
• Viviparous– Live – bearers, nutrition comes from reproductive tract
• Parthenogenesis– Development of an egg without fertilization
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Fig. 8.30
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