Phyllanthus in liver dysfunction
-
Upload
abhishek-rai -
Category
Health & Medicine
-
view
61 -
download
0
Transcript of Phyllanthus in liver dysfunction
Natural Products as Medicine
• From the existence of human race, nature has provided him all he needs.
• Drugs are no exception.• Various treditional systems viz Indian, Chinese,
African, etc are rich with the drugs and all being natural in origin.
• Till today many of the drugs belonging to natural origin are in use.
• They have also served as inspiration for drug discovery.
LIVER DYSFUNCTION
• Liver is the heaviest gland and second largest organ of the human body.
• Primary functions of liver include Detoxification, Energy production, Energy storage, Nutrients conversion, Immunity, Hormonal balance, Digestion, Fat regulation etc.
• Liver dysfunction is a condition in which liver is not working efficiently and/or is overloaded with toxics or slugs.
• Continued….• Other diseases of liver includes acute or chronic
Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Tumors, Hematochromatosis, Wilson’s disease, Sclerosing cholingitis, Primary biliary cirrhosis etc.
LIVER DYSFUNCTION
PHYLLANTHUS
• Phyllanthus is a large genus of shrubs, trees and rare herbs of the family Euphorbiaceae, comprising more than 600 species.
• of which P.accuminatus, P.amarus, P.pulcher, P.niruroides, P.anisolobus, P.orbiculatus, P.emblica, P.oxyphyllus, P.flexuosus, P.raticulatus, P.fraternes, P.simplex, P.mullernus, P.urinaria, P.mytrifolis, P.virgatus, P.niruri and P.watsonii were investigated for their phytochemical and pharmacological properties.
• The genus is found in almost over all warmer parts of the world.
INTRODUCTION
Phyllanthus niruri• Biological source: It consists of all aerial parts of the
plant Phyllanthus niruri, belonging to family Euphorbiaceae.
It contains not less than 0.25% of total phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin on dried basis.
PHYLLANTHUS
• Geographical source: Plant is indigenous to the Amazon rainforest and other tropical areas, including South East Asia, Southern India and China.
• Plant is found abundantly throughout india mainly in Maharashtra, UP, Punjab, Bihar, Orisa, AP, and some parts of MP, karnataka and Bengal.
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri
Description:• Among the Phyllanthus species, P. niruri is a small
erect annual herb growing up to 30–40 cm in height.
• Its leaves are7–12 cm long and they are alternate, sessile oblong.
• It has small off-white-greenish flowers, which are solitary, auxiliary, pedicellate, apetalous and monoecious.
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri
• Historical use as medicine:• P. niruri has a long history in herbal medicine
systems such as Indian Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Indonesian Jamu.
• The whole plant is used as remedies for many conditions such as dysentery, influenza, vaginitis, tumours, diabetes, diuretics, jaundice, kidney stones and dyspepsia.
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri
• Historical use as medicine:• Contineued…• The plant is useful for treating hepatotoxicity, hepatitis
B, hyperglycemia and viral and bacterial diseases.
• P. niruri has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for over 2000 years and has a wide number of traditional uses for jaundice, gonorrhoea, frequent menstruation and diabetes.
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri
• Phytochemistry:• Many of the active constituents to which the
biological activity of P. niruri has been attributed include lignans, tannins, coumarins, terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and phenylpropanoids.
• these are found in the leaves, stem and roots of this plant.
• Common lipids, sterols and flavonols also occur in the plant.
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri
Chemical class Phytochemicals present
Flavonoids Rutin, quercetin, quircitrin, astragalin, catachin
Terpenes Limonene, p-cymene, lupeol,
Coumarins Ellegic acid, methyl brevifolincarboxylate
Tannins Rependucinic acid, geraniin, corilagin
Saponins Diosgenin,
Lignans Phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin,niranthin,
nirtetralin, phyltetralin, linletralin, isolintetralin,
cubebin, urinatetralin
Alkaloids Norsecurinine, nirurine, phyllanthine, phyllochrysine
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri
Pharmacological effects and responsible constituents
phytochemicals Effects
Tannins Reverse transcriptase inhibitor, antihypertensive, antifungal
Saponins Anti fungal, cardiovascular
Alkaloids Antispasmodic, antimalarial, antimicrobial,
phytochemicals Effects Lignans Hepetoprotective,
antigenotoxic, anti HIV, antiinflammatory
Flavonoids Blood vessel strengthener, anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, anti leishmanial, antidiarrhoeal, diuretic,
Terpenes Anticarcinogenic, antioxident, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory
Coumarins cancer chemopreventive, vasorelaxent,
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri
• Mainly Lignans are responsible for Hepetoprotective and anti-hepatitis activities.
• Constituents contribute at most to its hepetoprotective activity are phyllenthin and hypophyllanthin.
• Both have exhibited a significant protection against CCl4
- and galactosamine-induced elevation in liver transferase enzymes levels and significantly increased protein levels.
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri
• They have also reported to inactivate hepatitis B, both in-vitro and in-vivo.
• Phyllanthin possesses anti-viral activity against HIV by inhibiting reverse transcriptase.
• Phyltetralin, nirtetralin and niranthin exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting carrageenan-induced pawoedema and neutrophil influx
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri
• Summery:
• P. niruri has many effective traditional uses for a wide variety of diseases.
• The phytochemicals exhibited different structural characteristics with various pharmacological actions:– lignans had excellent hepatoprotective and anti-
viral properties.
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri
• Summery:• Continued…– Terpenes exhibited anti-cancer, as well as anti-
microbial activity.– Flavonoids showed anti-oxidant activity.– Alkaloids exhibited anti-spasmodic activity.
• There have been no side effects or toxicity reports from many years of research.
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri
• References:– Kokate C.K., Purohit A.P., Gokhale S.B., ‘Pharmacognosy’,
edition 43rd, 2009, Nirali Prakashan, Pp 13.89-13.91.– Bagalkotkar G., Sagineedu S.R., Saad M.S., Stanslas J.,
(2006) Phytochemicals from Phyllanthus niruri Linn. and their pharmacological properties: a review, JPP, 1559-1570.
– Srirama S., Deepak H.B., Senthilkumar U., Ravikanth G., Gurumurthy B.R., Shivanna M.B., Chandrasekaran C.V., Agarwal A., Uma Shaanker R.,(2012) Hepatoprotective activity of Indian Phyllanthus,Phar.Bio., 948-953.
PHYLLANTHUSPhyllanthus niruri