Biology 2006-2007

Photosynthesis:

Life from Light and Air

Biology

Energy needs of life

All life needs a constant input of energy

__________________________

get their energy from “eating others”

eat food = other organisms = _________________

make energy through __________________

__________________________

get their energy from “self”

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

make energy through ___________________

Biology

Photosynthesis

This is the equation you are used to

seeing, but this is not the whole story…

+ water + energy glucose + oxygencarbon

dioxide

6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light

energy + ++

Biology

Chemical Energy and ATP

Energy can be found in many forms

__________________________________

The chemical fuel used by cells to store

and release energy is _______________

ATP is made of adenine, ribose

(carbohydrate) and three phosphate

groups

Biology

Storing Energy

_______is a compound like ATP with

one less _________________________

When a cell has energy available, it can

store small amounts of energy by

adding a phosphate group to ADP to

make ATP

Biology

Releasing Energy

Energy stored in ATP is released by

breaking the bonds between the

__________________________________

Cells use ATP to power activities like

__________________________________

__________________________________

ADP is like a ______________________

battery, while ATP is like a fully

charged battery ready to do work.

Biology

ATP

ATP is not good for storing large

amounts of energy long-term.

Cells only have a small amount of ATP

(enough to last for a few seconds)

Cells generate ATP from ____________

like _____________________________

Biology

Check Point

What is the difference between ATP and

ADP?

Biology

Photosynthesis using pictures

Biology

How do plants live?

______________________ ____________________________

collect sun energy

make ATP

____________________________

use ATP for energy

use CO2 as carbon for new sugars

build sugars

glucose, cellulose, starch

build all other organic molecules

proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA

store energy for future use

starch in seeds & roots

Biology

Photosynthesis

Actually 2 separate reactions

______________________

use sunlight

make energy (ATP)

______________________

use ATP

use CO2

make sugars (C6H12O6)

sun

ATPADP

CO2

sugar

Energy

building

reactions

Sugar

building

reactions

Biology

Light and Pigments

Plants absorb the sun’s energy with

light absorbing molecules called

__________________________________

The plant’s main pigment is called

__________________________________

Chlorophyll absorbs blue, violet, and

red light and reflects green light

Chlorophyll is found in the

_________________________________

of plant cells

Biology

CO2

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts

LeafLeaf

Chloroplast

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

Chlorophyll

Biology

Reactions of Photosynthesis

Biology

Reactions of photosynthesis

Take place in the chloroplast

Photosynthetic membranes called

__________________contain clusters of

chlorophyll and other pigments called

__________________________________

Space outside the

thylakoid

membranes

Granum is a stack of

thylakoids

Biology

Energy Building __________Reactions

O2

H2O

Energy Building

Reactions

sunlight

ATP

H2O ATP O2light

energy ++

_________________

_________________

_________________

Biology

Light Reactions

Require _______________________

Produce ____________ and __________

1.Light strikes chlorophyll

2._____________________ in chlorophyll

absorb the energy from the light

3.Excited electrons are passed to NADP+

4.Electrons are passed to the

_________________________________

which is a series of molecules in the

thylakoid membrane

Biology

Light reactions

5. As electrons are passed from one

molecule in the ETC to the next they

give off energy, which is used to make

ATP

6. Electrons lost by __________________

are replaced by splitting water, a

process called

___________________________

Biology

Sugar Building Reactions

sugars

C6H12O6

CO2

Sugar

Building

Reactions

ATP

CO2 C6H12O6 ADPATP ++

ADP

____________

____________

____________

____________

____________

____________

____________

Biology

Sugar Building Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

Don’t require _______________

Uses ___________ from the light

reactions to make __________________

The Calvin cycle uses _______________

molecules of ______________________

to produce a single 6-carbon sugar

molecule

Biology

Factor Affecting Photosynthesis

1. A shortage of _____________________

can slow or stop photosynthesis

2. ___________________: photosynthesis

depends on enzymes that work best

between O◦ C and 35◦ C. Temperatures

out of this range may damage the

enzymes and slow photosynthesis.

3. Intensity of ______________________:

increasing light intensity increases the

rate of photosynthesis

Biology

Putting it all together

sugars

C6H12O6

CO2

ATP

ADP

H2O

O2

sunlight

CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2light

energy+ ++

Sugar

Building

Reactions

Energy

Building

Reactions

_______________

____________

____________

Biology

Bring In

___________

___________

___________

Let Out

___________

Move Around

___________

So what does a plant need?

6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light

energy+ ++

roots

shoot

leaves

Biology

Leaf Structure

photosynthesis

_____________

_____________

______

______O2 H2O CO2

CO2

O2

__________

H2O

____________________________

Biology

Stomates

______________________

_______________

_______________

_______________

guard cell

stomate

Biology

Biology

Xylem

______________________

Biology

Phloem: food-conducting cells

____________________

____________________

____________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

Biology

Putting it all together

Making a living…

_____________________ leaves = solar collectors

photosynthesis

_____________________ stomates = gases in & out

_____________________ roots take in water from soil

pulled up by leaf evaporation

_____________________ roots take in from soil

Biology

How are they connected?

glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energydioxide

C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP+ + +

Respiration

+ water + energy glucose + oxygencarbondioxide

6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light

energy+ ++

Photosynthesis

Biology

H2O

Energy cycle

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

sun

The Great Circleof Life!

Where’s Mufasa?

O2CO2

____________________

____________________

ATP

Biology

The poetic perspective

All of the solid material of every plant

was built out of thin air

All of the solid material of every animal

was built from plant material

Then all the cats, dogs,

mice, people & elephants…

are really strands of air woven

together by sunlight!

sunair

Biology 2006-2007

Any Questions??