Phonics in KS1Phonics in KS1An information evening for An information evening for

parents and carersparents and carers

Key Stage One – Year 1 & 2Key Stage One – Year 1 & 2

Wednesday 4th November 2015

What is phonics?What is phonics?• Identifying, classifying and differentiating

different sounds.• Identifying letters and sounds within words.• Blending phonemes into words for reading

(decoding).• Segmenting words into phonemes for

spelling/writing (encoding).• Building up key spelling strategies to

improve writing and language skills.

spelling

Importance and impact of phonics

Key phonics terminology

• Phoneme: smallest unit of sound made by one or more letters. (you hear)

• Grapheme: the written form of a phoneme (you see)

• Segment: the breaking up of phonemes in words to read or write (s-n-a-p)

• Blending: the drawing of phonemes together to make a word (snap)

• Digraph – phoneme made by two letters (ai, ow, ee)• Split digraph – a diagraph split by a

consonant (ee – complete)

• Trigraph – phoneme made by three letters (air, igh)• Tricky words – words that can’t be

segmented and blended (you, was)• Alternative graphemes – graphemes

with alternative pronunciations (yes, by, very)• Suffix – common ending to words (ed, ing hopped, hopping)• Prefix – common beginning to words (finished

becomes unfinished)

Key phonics terminology

What is Grammar?• Grammar is the study of the way words are

used to make sentences.• It is the correct choice and consistent use of

present tense and past tense throughout writing.

• Singular and plural subject verb agreements.

• Prefixes and suffixes to change the meaning of a word.

pick - picked look - looked want-wanted need – needed

The dog chases the cat. The dogs chase the cats

teach- teacher care-careful

Grammar and phonicsGrammar and phonics

• Year 1 – Phase 5Alternative pronunciation and spelling.

• Year 2 – Phase 6 Spelling development, verb tenses,

prefixes, suffixes and plurals.

Phase 5 (Year 1)Phase 5 (Year 1)• Reading phonetically decodable 2-syllable and 3-syllable

words.

• Using alternative ways of pronouncing and spelling the graphemes corresponding to the long vowel phonemes.

• Spelling complex words using phonetically plausible attempts.

• Building knowledge of sight vocabulary (read simple words without the need to segment and blend them together)

ginger turkey envelope animal

ea ee e ey e_e

Beach keep be turkey complete

teecher cud wurd harf

teacher could word half

Phase 5 (Year 1)Phase 5 (Year 1)Split Digraphs (‘magic e’) are a vowel sound that has been split. We no longer use the term ‘magic e’ as it is confusing – the ‘e’ isn’t magic, it’s actually doing a job.

A digraph is two letters which together make one sound (as in the words tail, boat, feet).

When a digraph is split by a consonant it becomes a split digraph.

ae ee ie oe ue uea_e e_e i_e o_e u_e u_e

snake even slide bone flute cube

Year 1 Phonics ScreeningChildren in Year 1 have to have a compulsory phonics check in June. This consists of -

•20 real and 20 nonsense (‘alien’) words.•Nonsense words marked with an alien so that the children understand they are not real.•Words get progressively more challenging.•Completed with a teacher on a 1:1 basis.•Last approximately 5 minutes per child.•Aim is to asses their knowledge of phonics in Reception and Year 1 taught so far

Examples words from 2014 screen

voisksklardcheekquighsnarlfuel

spoilt

It is important to practise reading ‘alien’ words at home and encourage children not to guess what

they might be but to ‘read’ the words. We say it is ‘alien language’ –

What is the alien saying?

Supporting phonics at homeSupporting phonics at home

• Revise and apply the sounds sent home.• Practise making up and reading ‘alien’ words.• Play simple word games such as ‘I spy, word-snap,

phoneme – snap’.• Practise spotting spelling patterns (such as split-

diagraphs) when reading a range of books and poems.• Look for language within the environment (signs,

labels, posters and magazines).• Play online phonics games (www.phonicsplay.com)• Play word sorting games.

ow words ow (cow) ow (snow)

cowsnowgrowdown

towel window

Phase 6 (Year 2)Phase 6 (Year 2)• Read with increasing fluency• Read with increasing expression• Focus shifts from teaching phonemes to spelling and spelling

patterns.• Teaching Spelling:

– Introducing and teaching past, present, future tense– Investigating and learning how to add suffixes to words (ing, er, est, ful, ly, y, ed)

– Spelling with more accuracy.– Spelling longer and increasingly difficult words more

accurately.– Pluralisation (cat-cats, dog-dogs, dish-dishes, kiss-kisses,

leaf – leaves)

spite - spiteful rude - rudely white - whiter lucky - luckiest carry -carried

•Much higher emphasis on the independent application of phonics skills taught in previous and current phonic phases. •Higher emphasis on accurate spelling in all writing and especially ensuring the children are applying their knowledge and skills in their cross-curricular writing/work.

•Building knowledge of high frequency (sight vocabulary) and a wider range of tricky words for reading and writing.

•Build up of the understanding and use of different spelling strategies for spelling words (such as the use of ‘mnemonics’).

Phase 6 (Year Phase 6 (Year 2)2)

Supporting phonics at homeSupporting phonics at home• Regular reading is vital. Developing the ‘love of

reading’. (books, magazines, websites, bug club, menus, newspapers etc.).

• Encouraging reading in the environment.• Use key phonics vocabulary such as ‘segment’ and

‘blend’.• Encourage recognition and spelling of tricky words.• Comprehension questions to check understanding of

what they have read.• Encourage a purpose for writing – lists, diaries, letters,

postcards. • Correct accurate use of verb tenses when speaking.• Encourage correct pronunciation of words (water, twenty, because)• Encourage correct grammar in speech and in writing.

Questions to ask your child whilst reading

Building Oral Comprehension Skills Phonics/Spelling Comprehension Can you find any words with your spelling rule in for this week?Can you find any words with the ………… sound in it?Are there any other ways that you could spell this word?Can you find alternative phonemes?Can you find a word with a digraph/trigraph/split-digraph?Could you change the tense of that word?Can you make that word a plural?Can you find the key word _____ ?Can you find the opposite word to _______?Could we use a different/alternative word to ______?Could we improve this sentence by adding adjectives?

What do you think this book is about?What clues can you spot that tell us more about the book.Is it real or imaginary? Fact or fiction?What clues do the pictures give us about the story/text?What has happened? Can you change/add expression to the characters voice?What do you think that word means? Can you find the word that is opposite to the word . . . .?Can you predict what will happen next?How do you think … would say this? (angrily, happily, softly)Is there anything that puzzles you? What makes you think that…?What do you think…?What words give you that impression…?How do you feel about…?Can you explain why…?Do you like the part where…?What have I learnt from this book?Can you retell the story?Can you change the setting of the story?Can you think of another ending for the story?What facts have I learnt from the text?