Phonetics: The Sounds of Language February 22, 2014
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Transcript of Phonetics: The Sounds of Language February 22, 2014
Gilmara JohnsonCarolyn Singleton Stacy T. Feldstein
Phonetics: The Sounds of
Language February 22, 2014
Participants will identify the sounds of American English, the symbols that represent them and their particular characteristics by listening to language patterns and sounds
and analyzing language the groups.
Objective
1. An Arabic student asks, “Where is my baber?”2. A Chinese student says, “Watch out for broken grass!”3. A Serbian student says, “I vant to eat.”4. A Czech student says, “I leave in Yanuary”5. A Farsi student says, “When will you co back?”6. A French student says, “I will stay with zem.”7. A German student says, “I sink so.”8. A Japanese student says, “It is bery good”.9. A Korean student says, “I drive a zeep.”10. A Spanish student says, “He is chort”11. A Filipino Student says, “It is my pavorite”12. A Turkish student asks, “Do I get a stigger?”13. A Vietnamese student says, “I got two book.”
Name that Phoneme Substitution
The study of speech sounds
Mom: “Hold on”Toddler: “I’m holing
don, I’m holing don.”
Phonetics
Languages differ to a greater or lesser degree in the inventory of speech sounds that words are built from.
Our linguistic knowledge makes it possible to ignore non linguistic differences. (Background noise, interference)
Identity of Speech Sounds
The Phonetic Alphabet (Fromkin et al., p. 192)
Orthography = alphabetic spellingPhonetics = way for the same sound to be
spelled with the same letter every time, and for any letter to stand for the same sound every time.
IPA
Sofa represents vowels in syllables that are not
emphasized in speaking and whose duration is very shortgeneral, aboutreader
reserved for the vowel sound in all reduced syllables
[ə] = schwa
Bilabial: p b mLabiodental: f vInterdental: θ ðAlveolar: t d n s z l
rPalatal: ʃ ʒ t ʃ dʒVelar: k g ŋUvulars: ʀ q ɢGlottal: h ʔ
Place of Articulation of English Consonants: TABLE 5.2, p. 198
the constriction occurs by raising the front part of the tongue to the palate.mission [mɪʃən]Measure [mɛʒər] cheap [tʃip]judge [dʒʌdʒ]yoyo [jojo]
Palatal: ʃ ʒ t ʃ dʒ
sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum
The initial and final sounds of:kick [kɪk] gig [gɪg
final sounds of:back [bӕk]bag [bӕg]bang [bӕŋ]
Velar: k g ŋ
produced by raising the back of the tongue to the uvula, the fleshy protuberance that hangs down in the back of our throats.
The r in French is often a uvular trill symbolized by [ʀ].
The uvular sounds [q] and [ɢ] occur in Arabic. These sounds do not ordinarily occur in English.
Uvulars [ʀ] [q] [ɢ]
[h] flow of air through the open glottis, and past
the tongue and lips a vowel sound always follows [h]
[ʔ]air is stopped completely at the glottis by
tightly closed vocal cordsglottal stop: interjection “uh-oh” [ʔʌʔo]
Glottal: h ʔ
/p/
/b/
/m/
Bilabials
/t/
/d/
/n/
Alveolars
/k/
/g/
/ŋ/
Velars
??Manner of Articulation
Manner of Articulation Voiced and Voiceless Sounds
Voiced VoicelessAir obstruction Air flows freely
Vibration of vocal cords No vibration of vocal cordszzzzzzzzzzzzz sssssssssssssssssssssss
Nasal and Oral SoundsWhat distinguishes the bilabial voiced /m/ from /b/?
Velum down
Air escapes through nose and
mouth
Nasal sound
Velum up
Air escapes through mouth only
Oral sound
m b
Activity:/t/ /s/= Describe place and manner of
articulationWhat distinguishes them?
Other phonetic features
Stops ContinuantsThe airstream is completely blocked in the oral cavity
The airstream flows continually through the mouth
Affricates: A stop closure followed immediately by a slow release
Fricatives: the airstream is forced through a constriction in the vocal tract causing frictionLiquids: some obstruction of airstream, no real constriction /l/, /r/Glides: (or semi-vowels)little obstruction of the airstream /j/, /w/
Silent letters & hidden sounds
Table Below:ou represents six distinct vowel sounds; the gh is silent in all but rough, where it is pronounced [f]; the th represents a single sound, either [Ð] or [ð], and the l in would is also silent.
Test questions: Listen to the questions 8, 9, 10,11,12,13,14,15
Practice
#1 The first sound in each: a. judge [dʒ] b. Thomas [t] c. though [ð] d. easy [i] e. pneumonia [n] f. thought [θ] g. contact [k] h. phone [f] i. civic [s] j. usual [j]
PRACTICE! p. 218 #1
PRACTICE! p. 218 # 2#2: last sound in each
a.fleece [s] b. neigh [eI] c. long [ŋ] d. health [θ] e. watch [tʃ] f. cow [aʊ] g. rough [f] h. cheese [z] i. bleached [t] j. rags [z]
a. physics [fIzIks] b. merry [meri] c. marry [mæri] d. Mary [meri] e. yellow [jɛlo] f. sticky [stIki] g. transcription
[trænskrIpʃən] h. Fromkin [frəmkIn] i. tease [tIz] j. weather [wɛðər] k. coat [kot]
l. Rodman [radmən] m. heath [hiθ] n. “your name” [stesi] o. touch [tətʃ] p. cough [kɔf] q. larynx [lærIŋks] r. through [θru] s. beautiful [bjutəfəl] t. honest [anəst] u. president
[prɛzədənt]
PRACTICE! p. 218# 3# 3: phonetic transcription
[hit] = heat[strok] = stroke[fez] = phase[ton] = tone[boni] = bony[skrim] = scream[frut] = fruit[pritʃər] = preacher[krak] = crack[baks] = box[θæŋks] = thanks[wɛnzde] = Wednesday
[krɔld] = crawled[kantʃiɛntʃəs] =
conscientious[parləmɛntæriən] =
parlimentarian[kwəbɛk] = Quebec[pitsə] = pizza[bərak obamə] = Barack
Obama[dʒɔn məken] = John
McCain[tu θaʊzənd ænd et] =
two thousand and eight
PRACTICE! p. 219 #5#5 Write the words using normal English orthography.