Language acquisition Definition of first language Definition of second language Definition of foreign language

Comparison of first and second language Factors effecting second language

learning Research analyses Conclusion Suggestions

CONTENTS

Capacity to perceive

and comprehend

language

LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Ability to acquire language during

critical period

First languag

SECOND LANGUAGE

The process whereby individuals past the critical period and learn any other languages.

Foreign Language :

First language Second

language

L2 learning

Mother tongue Lack of correspondence

Lack of exposure to

native learners

problems

IPA alphabet system

P b t d

k g

F v

s z

M n

h l r w j

Articulation of urdu sounds and English letters

S,#s E V PAKISTANI REALISATION

1 i: [i:]*2 ɪ [i]*3 e [e]*4 æ [æ]*5 a: [a:]*6 ʌ [ʌ]*7 ɒ [a], [ɒ], [o]8 ɔ: [o:]9 ʊ [u]10 u: [u:]*11 ə [ʌ], [ə]12 ɜ: [ər]13 eɪ [e:]*14 aɪ [ai]15 ɔɪ [ai], [ɔi]16 ɪə [iə]17 eə [ea], [eʌ]*18 ʊə [uə]19 oʊ [o:]20 aʊ [au]

Research Analyses

Sound 1: / ɔ: / (as in call, saw etc). long vowel sound. mouth doesn't move. you can pronounce it as

long as you have breath.

Sentence 1:

George was falling asleep awkwardly in a sprawl.

Standard transcription:/ dʒɔ:rdʒ wɒz fɔ:llɪŋg əsli:p ɔ:kwərdlɪ ɪn ə sprɔ:l /

Speaker’s transcription:

/ dʒəʊrdʒ wɒz fɒllɪŋg esli:p əʊkwərdlɪ ɪn ə sprəʊl /

Sentence 2:

This appalling store was full of all sorts of ordinary shorts.

Standard transcription:/ Ðɪs əpɔ:lɪŋg stɔ:r wɒz fʊl əv ɔ:l sɒrts əv ɔ:rdnɒrɪ ʃɔ:ts /

Sound 2:

ɜ:ʳ (as in earth, turn etc)

comes in stressed (accented) syllables and is more tense (and usually longer).

The second one comes in weak syllables and is more relaxed. / əʳ/

Sentence 1:The girls in purple shirts were urged not to disturb sir Cuthbert.

Standard transcription:/ Ðə gɜ:lz ɪn pɜ:pl ʃɜ:ts ɜ:dʒed nɒt tʊ dɪstɜ:b sə kəθbərt /

Speaker’s trancription:

/ Ðɪ gəlz ɪn pərpl ʃəts ɜ:dʒed nɒt tʊ dɪstərb sər keθbərt /

Sentence 2:

This purple shirt is the worst in the world! I have no words!

Standard transcription:

/ Ðɪs pɜ:pl ʃɜ:t ɪz Ðə wɜ:st ɪn Ðə wɜ:d! aɪ həv naʊ wɜ:dz /

Speaker’s transcription:

/ Ðɪs pərpəl ʃət ɪz Ðɪ wəst ɪn Ðə wəld! ae hæv nɒ wərdz /

Sound 3:

/ə/ (as in air, ear etc)

very short neutral vowel sound. its precise quality varies depending on

the adjacent consonants. 

Sentence 1:

The woman went to the station and waited until the train arrived.

Standard transcription:

/ Ðə wɪmən went tə Ðə steɪʃən ən weɪtəd əntɪl Ðə treɪn əraɪvd /

Speaker’s transcription

/ Ðə wɒmen went tʊ Ðə steɪʃən ænd waitɪd untɪl Ðə train əraɪvd /

Sentence 2:

I highly recommend you find a snack wagon and try their " Rosti " , a fried potato and onion fritter.

Standard transcription:

/ aɪ haɪlɪ rekəmendɪd ju: faɪnd ə snæk wægən ən traɪ Ðeə “Rɒsti:” ə fraɪd pəteɪtəʊ ən ənɪən frɪtə /

Speaker’s transcription

/ aɪ haɪlɪ rekaməndɪd ju: faɪnd a snæk wægən and trae Ðeər “Rɒsti:” a fraɪd poteɪto and ɒnɪən frɪtər /

Sound 4:

ɒ (as in hot ,stop etc)

Open, also known as low. Back. Lips Rounded

Sentence 1:

I never get to the office.

Standard transcription:/ ae nevə get tə Ðə ɒfis /

Speaker’s transcription:

/ ai nevʌr get to Ði ɔ:fis /

Sentence 2:

Summer is a very hot season.

Standard transcription:/ sʌmər iz ə veri hɒt si:zən /

Speaker’s transcription

/ sʌmər iz a veri haut si:zan /

Sound 5:

/ʊ/ (as in book, pull etc)

Closed Back Rounded

Sentence 1:

I read a really good book.

Standard transcription:

/ ae ri:d ə rɪəlɪ gʊd bʊk/

Speaker’s transcription:

/ ai ri:d a: reali gud bu:k /

Sentence 2:

Rivers flow to the sea.

Standard transcription:

/ rɪvərz fləʊ tə Ðə si: /

Speaker’s transcription:

/ rɪvərz flɔ: tu Ðə si: /

Suggestions:

1) Rehearse

3) Listen to the native speakers

2) Learn IPA

THANKYOU