Phonetics presentation

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How to be a smart Speaker

MD. JAMAL UDDIN JAMYAsst. Registrar

Southeast University

6/22/20136/22/2013wps.cn/mobanwps.cn/moban

[email protected] .Company

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Course Title

SPOKEN & PRONUNCIATION



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Correct Pronunciation of 26 Letters

Z †hW&/ wh

Y IqvB

X G·&W

Wvej&BD

V fxU BD

T Vx *S Gm&R AviQ wLD

P dx *O IDN Gb&M Gg&

L Gj&K †LB *J †R¡BI AvB

H GBP&G R¡xF Gd&E C

D WxC mxB exA GB



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Correct Pronunciation of 7 days

Friday

Thursday

Wednesday

Tuesday

Monday

Sunday

Saturday



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Correct Pronunciation of 12 months

DecemberNovemberOctober

SeptemberAugustJuly

JuneMayApril

MarchFebruaryJanuary



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Correct Pronunciation of Numbers

Fifteen

Fourteen

Thirteen

Twelve

Eleven

Ten

Nine

Eight

Seven

Six

Five

Four

Three

Two

One

Hundred

ƺNinety

ƺEighty

ƺSeventy

Sixty

Fifty

ƺForty

ƺThirty

ƺ Twenty 1st

ƺTwenty

Nineteen

Eighteen

Seventeen

Sixteen



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The pronunciation of ‘ation’

AdmirationAspiration

AssimilationCivilization

AnticipationAnimation

ApplicationPreparation

AbbreviationPresentation

TranscriptionWordTranscriptionWord



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Phonemic chart

Consonant sounds (25)

Phonemes (44)

Vowel sounds (19)

Monophthongs (12) Diphthongs (5)

Long sounds (5) Short sounds (7)

Triphthongs (2)



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25 consonant sounds: at a glance



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Suffix age/ege always sounds like

sagepassage

ragecottage

pagebandage

engagebaggage

cageaverage

ageadvantage

TranscriptionWordTranscriptionWord



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Vowel sounds : 19

Tripthongs-2

Diphthongs -5

Vowel must be learnt by listening carefully and imitating. So spend some of your listening time on the vowels.

Monophthongs-12



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How to pronounce a word

1. Firstly, find out how many syllables are there in the word.2. Secondly, notice on which syllable there is stress.3. Thirdly, try to pronounce all syllables separately.

4. Then, pronounce all syllable together and emphasis the syllable on which there is a stress.

Example: - Information



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All about Syllable

What is syllable?Phonetically a syllable means a group of one or more sounds. Grammatically syllable is a part of word, can be pronounced at a time and which has got a vowel sound.A syllable can be made in the following ways

ccvcvcvcvccvcv

1.Vowel --- a //, I /2.Vowel + Consonant --- it eve 3.Vowel + Consonant + Consonant--- ink 4.Consonant + Vowel + Consonant--- but , put 5.Consonant + Vowel--- do , so 6.Consonant + Consonant + Vowel--- snow



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Phonetic characteristics of a syllable

1. Weak syllable …… Always tends to be shorter and always unstressed

2. Strong syllable ….. Most of the time stressed.

1. Schwa / is always associated with weak syllable. is most of the time associated with weak syllable. is most of the time associated with weak syllable.4. Syllabic consonant is always associated with weak syllable.5. On the other hand, all the strong syllable have the opposite characteristics.



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About Schwa

/Schwa is the smallest sound of English language. It is also a difficult sound. It is because some students cannot make difference between // and //. So // must be learned by listening carefully and imitating.

Where // Schwa is used1. Article ………………Example: A bird 2. Weak syllable………. Example: Hospital

Here is weak syllable

1. Weak form………… Example: An 2. Elision……………… Example: Camera into



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Pronunciation ‘T’

The true ‘T’ and the Flap ‘T’

Rule: 1- Flap ‘T’ between vowel sounds

InvitingWaitingHeatingBiting

Rule: 2- Flap ‘T’ with /

Forty

WaterThirty

WaiterHeartyQuarterDaughterArtist

Before & After / After / Before /



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Rule: 3 - With double ‘T’

LitterLettuceLatterMottoButterKittoBitterDittoBatter

Rule: 4- Before / /

MortalLittleHospitalBottleBattle



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Rule: 5- Between words• I bought a CD of lessons• It’ll be useful• Oh no! Where did I put it?



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Identify the entire flap ‘T’

1. Automatic2. Mentality3. Potato4. Starting5. Total 6. From the beginning it’s been a very bitter winter.7. Back in December we had a terrible ice storm and many

families mine included, lost electricity.8. Today is the little warmer than usual.9. But I know colder temperatures will return.10.I’ll try to say warm. You do same.



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Plosive sound ‘T’

In order to produce an American T sound, the tip of the BOTTOM ridge of your upper GUMS, unlike the tip touching in the center of your upper bard pattle like for the Bangladeshi ‘t’ sound. Let’s try this now, TEEESay this 5 times. Now not only 5 times say this more than 5 times if you need to do.

Now with some words:

TerminateTinyTough

TeenageTrialTurnTerribleTerrific

TypeTapTongueTune Table

TournamentTourTennisTimeTomorrow



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Plosive sounds ‘T’ Rules

Rule-1: If T is the beginning of a word: Plosive T is ALL the cases.

1. It took Tim ten times to try the telephone stop touching Ted’s toes.

2. Turn towards Stella and study her contact together.3. Control your terms.4. It’s Tommy’s turn to tell the teacher the truth5. Timothy and Todd told Teresa, their secretary to total up their

accounts.



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Rules: 2:If T is in the middle of two vowels a soft‘d’ should not be mistaken with an exact D sound. Otherwise, that would be quite heavy. For the soft ‘d’ sound your tongue needs to flap up to the BOTTOM ridg of upper GUMS. This is same position as the plosive American T sound. However, in this case all you need to do is flap at that position and not apply any effort.



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Pronunciation ‘T’Example: Sentence-

What a good idea.Put it in a bottle.Write it in a letterSet it on the metal gutter.Put all the data in the computer.Insert a quarter in the meter.Get a better water heater.Let her put a smarter or Betty’s at the meeting.It’s getting hotter and hotter.Petty ought to write a better letter.Frieda had a little metal battle.Betty bought a bit of better butter.Pat ought to sit on a lap.



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Pronunciation ‘T’Rule: 5- The last rule five is also about N in the word, but here the ‘T’ follows N immediately.

If the N is before the T then the T goes silent.

AdvantagePercentageInternationalInterviewInteract Internet



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Practice with sentences:

He interrupted twenty interviews in Toronto.There was a large percentage of international students.He won’t even interfere with the interaction.We took full advantage of the internet.He drove interested through to Alkanet.He’s at the international hotel.He wasn’t even helping out.He hasn’t bothered you much, has he?We won’t always do it, believe me.Patty was good right, wasn’t he?



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Tongue twister for getting fluency

Peter piper picked a pack of pickled peppers.Did peter piper pick a pack of pickled peppers?If peter piper picked a pack of pickled peppers,Where’s the pack of pickled peppers peter piper picked.



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Intonation

The aim of all speech is to send the message loud and clear through various means. Like stress and rhythm, intonation is also a means of conveying the message.

When we speak, the pitch of our voice keeps on changing, sometimes it goes up or high and sometimes it is down or low. This change in pitch is not totally aimless or without any purpose. It is called intonation.



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Intonation

Types of intonationThere are mainly two types of intonation1. Upward intonation 2. Downward intonation

CharacteristicsUpward : - hesitation, doubt, uncertainlyDownward: - Firmness, Finality, resolution,

directness



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IntonationUses of TuneIn statement: -

I went to DhakaI’m fully certainThat’s the end of the new?

In command: -Pull the chair

Don’t talkOperate the computerGo ahead

In WH question: -When are you goingHow much have I to pay?What are you doing?



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Assimilation AssimilationThe shape of a word may also be altered by nearly sounds; this is called assimilation. Normally we pronounce one as , but one more may be pronounced where the shape of one has changed because of the following /m/ in more. Also next is usually pronounced but in next month may be , where the final / t/ has disappeared.

• /t/ will be changed into /p/before /p/,/b/ or /m/Right pathRight boyRight man

• /d/ will be changed into /b/ before /p/, /b/, or /m/Red picture

Red bagRed man



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Assimilation

/d/ will be changed into /b/ before /p/, /b/, or /m/Red pictureRed bagRed man

/n/ will be changed into /m/ before /p/, /b/,or /m/ Action planBrown bagOpen market

/t/ will be changed into /k/ before /k/,or /g/ Short cutFat girl



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Assimilation

/d/ will be changed into / before /Good, bad girlRed carpet

/n/ will be changed into // before /Can goGolden gateGolden coin

/s/ will be changed into before This seatThis shipThis year

// will be changed into /s/ before /s/Both sidesNorth south



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Elision

What is Elision?Sometimes some vowel or consonant sound disappear or elide

for the influence of adjacent or neighboring sound during rapid or causal speech, it is called elision.

Necessity of ElisionNon native learners are not bound to use it. They can use it or not. But it is important for them to be aware that when native speakers of English talk to each other.



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Elision

Kinds of Elision:1. Elision of vowel sound2. Elision of consonant sound3. Other Elision.

Elision of vowel soundsNormally is elided in rapid speech.

ExampleCamera Vegetable Potato Today Tomato



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Elision

Elision of consonant sounds:

Normally /t/, /d/ are elided in rapid speech•First --- boy, girl, time, day, man, night, page, year, class, division•Last --- boy, girl, time, day, man, night, page, year, class, division•Best --- man, friend, person•Must --- be, have•Second --- class, division, boy, time, day, man, year, page, night•Blind --- man



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Pronunciation Tips:

InfluentialEssentialConfidentialPotentialCredentialInitialFacial tissueSpecialAsocial (AmvgvwRK)Crucial SocialArtificialJudicialCommercialFinancialOfficialTranscriptionWordsTranscriptionWords



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Pronunciation Tips:

The Suffix ‘-ssion’ and ‘-tion’ usually sounds like with some expressions:

aspirationoppression

assimilationpassion

attentionpossession

captionsuspension

civilizationtransmissionTranscriptionWordTranscriptionWord

tionssion



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StressWhat is Stress?

Stress means ‡Rvi †`Iqv, Pvc †`Iqv, EmphasisAt first stress can be divided into two ----

1.Word stress2.Sentence stress

What is word stress?When a word has more than one syllable, one of them is pronounced with more force than the rest. This force is regarded as word stress.Example:

PhoneticsAdvance

SaturdayFather

Characteristics of a stressed syllableI.LoudnessII.LengthIII.Pitch change



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Stress

Types of word stress

There are mainly two types of stress

a.Primary stressb.Secondary stress

Primary stress is marked by upper vertical lineExample: - Open

Secondary stress is marked by lower vertical lineExample: - Education



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How to find out stress?

• Shewa never appears within a stressed syllable, as it is unstressed by nature.

Example: - Teacher About

• Every monosyllabic word is stressed but no stress mark is given on it.

Example: - cat, dog, cow, how, now

• Most of the common two syllable nouns and adjectives have stress on the first syllable.

Example: - sister, brother, mother, water, paper, table

• Most of the affix (prefix and suffix) are not stressed.Example: -about, amount, account, achievement



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Stress1) Words that can be used either as a noun or a verb has two

types of stresses.1) A noun has stress on the first syllable.2) A verb has stress on the second syllable

Insult

kConsult

Conduct

Rebel

Contact

Increase

Import

Suspect

Perfectverbnounword



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Stress

2. In two syllable verbs, stress is always on the strong syllable.

Initial positions: - centre, equal, openFinal positions: - assist, aback, arrive

3. In three syllable verbs, if the final syllable is strong, then it will be stressed.Example: - entertain, ascertain

4. But if the final syllable is weak, then the second syllable is to be stressed.Example: - encounter, determine



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Stress

5. In a disyllabic or in a trisyllabic word if the final syllable contains sund then the primary stress will go on the beginning syllable.

buffalocargoswallowborrowvetofollowdiscovideodemophotoautowindowaudioradio



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Stress6. If any word contains “tion” then the primary stress will put on its preceding syllable.

generationproduction

globalizationpromotion

immigrationqualification

meditationrelation

occupationsatisfaction

oppositionaction

organizationsection

orientationnation

populationvacation



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Stress

7. In abbreviations the first letter contains secondary stress and the last one contains primary stress.Example:-

S.S.C - Secondary school certificate. H.S.C - Higher secondary certificate.B.B.A - Bachelor of business administrationM.B.A - Master of business administrationB.S.S - Bachelor of social science M.S.S - Master of social science



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Stress

8. Stress on penultimate syllable (second from the end) (a)Words ending in ‘ic’ or ‘ical’

ic = dramatic, patriotic, phoneticical = political, biological, practical

(b)Words ending in ‘sion’ and ‘tion’sion = occasion, diffusion, solutiontion = production, conversation, migration

(c) Words ending in ‘ion and ‘sive’ as suffixion = inflexion, religion, opinionsive = exclusive, offensive, possessive



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Stress

9. Stress on ante penultimate syllable (third from the end)

Words ending in ‘cy’, ‘ty’, ‘phy’, ‘gy’.cy = policy, privacy, democracy.ty = personality, opportunity, curiosity.phy = philosophy, photography, geographygy = technology, sociology, biology



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Stress

Stress on polysyllabic words.These words usually have more than one stress - a ‘primary’ stress and a

‘secondary’ stress. Often such words contain a prefix such as ‘inter’, ‘un’ and ‘anti’ etc. and this prefix has a secondary stress. This is mostly common with many long technical words.

Example:-Examination, antipersonnel, unforgettable, anticlockwise,



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Pronunciation Tips:

provisiondivision

explosiondecision

occasionconfusion

exclusionconclusionTranscriptionWordTranscriptionWord



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Inflection

1. If the final sound of the verb’s infinitive is a vowel or voiced consonant except /d/ the past tense and the past participle are formed byadding /-d/. For example:

To carry / -------- Carried to hurry // -------- hurried /

2. If the final sound of the verb’s infinitive are a vowel or voiceless consonant (/p, t, h, f, T), except /t/, the past tense verbs and the past participle are formed by adding /-t/. For example:

To stop / -------- stopped /to talk / -------- talked /

3. If the final sounds of the verb’s infinitive end in /-t/ or /-d/, the past tense verbs and the past participle are formed by adding /-id/. For example:

To paint / -------- painted /to want // -------- wanted /



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Inflection

4. If the final sound of the noun’s singular or the verb’s infinitive (to + PV pre. form) is a vowel or a voiced consonant (except the ending is formed by adding /-z/. For example:

City / -------- cities/Saw / -------- saws/ tub // -------- tubs

5. If the final sound of the noun’s singular or the verb’s infinitive is a voiceless consonant except the ending is formed by adding /-s/. For example:

drop / ------- drops /pot / -------- pots month -------- months



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Inflection

6. If the final sound of the noun’s singular or the verb’s infinitive ends in the ending is formed by adding For example:

Bus ------- Buses match / -------- matches to kiss --------she kisses /to match / -------- he matches /

7. If the final sound of a comparative form is “er” and a superlative form is “est” then the last sound will be and For example:

high ------- higher ------- highest long ------ longer ------ longest



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Pronunciation Tips:

Suffix ‘-cally’ always sounds like

economicallyfantastically

dynamicallybasically

diplomaticallyartistically

classicallyalphabetically

biologicallyautomatically



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Aspiration

Aspiration is the action of pronouncing a word with /h/ sound

Where will be aspirated1. Every mono syllabic word starts with /p/ /t/ /k/ will be aspirated

CarveTeachPain

CareTakePlane

CardTimePeep

CatchTemptPair

CakeTapePack



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Aspiration

2. In disyllabic, trisyllabic or polysyllabic word if we get stress mark on any syllable that starts with will be aspirated.

KindergartenTemporalParticular

KidnapTicketPerplex

KeeperTransparentPopular

Confident TransitoryPotential

Concept TwentyPatriot

Complex TropicPatrol

Comment TemporaryPacket

Comfort TemperaturePaper



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Aspiration

Where will

1. Ending will

classicjacketantiseptic

bracketbasketaccident

blanketautomaticaccelerate

packetawakeabbreviate



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Aspiration

2. After sound, will not be

standardskeletonstudent

stimulatespringspecial

statisticsstoragespeak

stadiumstudioscholar

spontaneouslystupidschool

skyspokenstart



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Aspiration

3. Syllabic consonant starts with

cattletwinklechemical

localvehicleobstacle

principleverticalhospital

politicalvitalhostel

practicalvocalsparkle

radicalwhimsicalexample

scruplenumericalsprinkle

steeplecapitalpeople



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Aspiration

1.In disyllabic, trisyllabic or polysyllabic word if we don’t get stress mark on any syllable that starts with than that syllable will not be aspirated.

Combine TogetherPenultimate

Collection TestimonyProduction

Collapse TerrificApplicant

Capacity TechnologyAspiration

Thank You

MD. JAMAL UDDIN JAMYAsst. RegistrarSoutheast University, DhakaPhone: [email protected]

Phonetics presentation

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