Resilient Cities 2011

2nd World Congress on Cities and Adaptation to Climate Change Bonn, Germany; 4 June 2011

Philippines

National Climate Change Legislation

and National-Local Action

Philippines

• Archipelago of 7,107 islands

• A very long coastline at 36,289 km

• 20 Typhoons pass the country annually

• 2007 Population = 88,574, 614

• Growth rate: 2.04%

• Urban Growth rate: 3.45%

• 63% urban

• 122 Cities

Local

Government

Code

(1991)

Comprehen-

sive Land Use

Plan

Comprehen-

sive

Development

Plan Barangay

Development

Plan

Annual

Investment

Plan and

Budget

National

Local

Local

Government

Code

(1991)

Comprehen-

sive Land Use

Plan

Natl Urban

Dev & Housing

Framework

(2009 – 2016)

Urban Dev

& Housing

Act

(1992)

Urban

Stakeholders

Action Agenda

on CC (2009)

Comprehen-

sive

Development

Plan Barangay

Development

Plan

Annual

Investment

Plan and

Budget

National

Local

Local

Government

Code

(1991)

Comprehen-

sive Land Use

Plan

Natl Urban

Dev & Housing

Framework

(2009 – 2016)

Urban Dev

& Housing

Act

(1992)

Climate

Change Act

(2009)

Urban

Stakeholders

Action Agenda

on CC (2009)

Local CC

Action

Plan

National CC

Framework

Strategy and

Action Plan

Comprehen-

sive

Development

Plan Barangay

Development

Plan

Annual

Investment

Plan and

Budget

National

Local

Climate Change Act of 2009

“Climate Change Act of 2009” (Republic Act

9729) was enacted into law in October 2009

and created the Philippine Climate Change

Commission.

Major Gain:

Local governments were

recognized as the frontline

agencies for CC action planning

and implementation and so

they must consider CC

adaptation as a regular

function...

Disaster risk reduction

integrated into climate change

programs at all government

levels

The law prescribed that the Climate Change

Commission shall develop, within 6 months, the

National Framework Strategy on Climate Change

Further, upon 1 year of the adoption of the

framework, develop the National Climate Change

Action Plan

Climate Change Act of 2009

“Climate Change Act of 2009” (Republic Act

9729) was enacted into law in October 2009

and created the Philippine Climate Change

Commission.

Major Gain:

Local governments were

recognized as the frontline

agencies for CC action planning

and implementation and so

they must consider CC

adaptation as a regular

function...

Disaster risk reduction

integrated into climate change

programs at all government

levels

The law prescribed that the Climate Change

Commission shall develop, within 6 months, the

National Framework Strategy on Climate Change

Further, upon 1 year of the adoption of the

framework, develop the National Climate Change

Action Plan

The National Framework Strategy on Climate Change

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND VULNERABILITIESEcosystems Energy Food Water Health

Communities Infrastructure

Capacity

Development

Knowledge

Management

IEC and Advocacy

Research and

Development/

Technology

Transfer

Gender

Mainstreaming

Multi-Stakeholder

Partnerships

Financing

Valuation

Policy, Planning

And

Mainstreaming

ADAPTATIONEnhanced Vulnerability and

Adapatation AssessmentsIntegrated Ecosytem-Based

ManagementClimate-responsive AgricultureWater Governance & ManagementClimate-Responsive Health SectorDisaster Risk Reduction

MITIGATIONEnergy Efficiency & ConservationSustainable InfrastructureRenewable EnergyEnvironmentally SustainableTransportNational REDD+ StrategyWaste Management

GOALTo build the adaptive capacity of communities and increase the resilience of natural ecosystems to climate change and optimize mitigation opportunities towards sustainable development

CROSS-CUTTINGMEANS OF

IMPLEMENTATION

Local

Government

Code

(1991)

Comprehen-

sive Land Use

Plan

Natl Urban

Dev & Housing

Framework

(2009 – 2016)

Urban Dev

& Housing

Act

(1992)

Climate

Change Act

(2009)

Urban

Stakeholders

Action Agenda

on CC (2009)

Local CC

Action

Plan

Local

DRRM

Action Plan

National

Disaster Risk

Reduction &

Mgt Plan

National CC

Framework

Strategy and

Action Plan

Comprehen-

sive

Development

Plan Barangay

Development

Plan

Annual

Investment

Plan and

Budget

National

Local

Disaster Risk

Reduction &

Mgt Act

(2010)

“Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Act of 2010” (Republic Act

10121) was enacted into law on 27 May 2010

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Act of 2010

Major Gain:

Mainstreaming of DRR and Climate Change Adaptation in development, peace and conflict resolution processes

Local DRRM Fund (not less than 5% of the estimated revenue from regular sources) to support DRM activities:

30% allocated as Quick Response Fund

70% may be used for disaster preparedness

The law prescribed the development, promotion and

implementation of the National Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP)

Establishment of permanent Local Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Offices

DCCs shall be renamed as N/R/L DRRMCs; BDCCs

shall be known as Barangay Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Committee

(BDRRMC)

Local

Government

Code

(1991)

Comprehen-

sive Land Use

Plan

Natl Urban

Dev & Housing

Framework

(2009 – 2016)

Urban Dev

& Housing

Act

(1992)

Philippine

Dev Plan

(2011-2016)Climate

Change Act

(2009)

Urban

Stakeholders

Action Agenda

on CC (2009)

Local CC

Action

Plan

Local

DRRM

Action Plan

National

Disaster Risk

Reduction &

Mgt Plan

National CC

Framework

Strategy and

Action Plan

Comprehen-

sive

Development

Plan Barangay

Development

Plan

Annual

Investment

Plan and

Budget

National

Local

Disaster Risk

Reduction &

Mgt Act

(2010)

5 Cabinet

Clusters

(Priorities)

Peoples’

Survival

Fund

Local Development Planning is key to

mainstreaming CC in urban development

• The Department of the Interior and Local Government and the

Local Government Academy shall facilitate the development and

provision of a training program for LGUs in climate change and

initiate related activities.

• Local Government Units are tasked and directed to:

• Formulate and regularly update local climate change plans

• Mobilize and allocate necessary personnel, resources and

logistics

• Allocate from their annual appropriations adequate funds

• Submit annual progress reports to the Commission

Key Findings, Issues, and Challenges

• The Local Government Code and Urban Development and

Housing Act already provide the platforms for comprehensive

and rights-based planning processes

• The Philippine Climate Change Act and the Framework

Strategy are open ended and outline parameters to which

“sustainable urban development” via good local planning could

be achieved

• Whilst the laws sets out the key roles of LGUs, the planning

process and implementation of these legislations remain to be

challenges

• LGU capacities remain very weak and information on how they

could effectively incorporate CC into their local plans is not part

of the “existing planning guidelines”

Challenges in Local Planning

with Climate Change considerations• Process

– Inadequate scientific information on CC scenarios and impacts at a scale relevant to

decision-makers

– Local Comprehensive Development Plan and Comprehensive Land Use Plan

formulation are done in the absence of the National Climate Change Action Plan

• Spatial

– How and where to redefine buildable areas that would lead to appropriate Zoning

Policies.

– How to maximize protective buffer zones

– Where to direct development considering the risks

• Sectoral

– How to measure impact on poverty situation which could be aggravated given the

risks to economic opportunities, access to services, and basic infrastructure

– How to foresee sectoral opportunities

Sorsogon City

Population: 151,454 (2007)

Land Area: 31,292 has.

Growth Rate: 1.78%

Economy: Agriculture, Fishing, Trade, and Services

Role in the Province: Administrative, Commercial and Educational Center

Setting Climate Change Priorities in

Sorsogon City

V&AA City Validation Meeting

LGU-wide prioritization meeting

• Who will be heavily burdened?

• Who/What needs immediate action?

• What resources do we have available?

Conduct of City Consultation

• What are the issues?

• What are the options?

• What should be the focus?

• Who should act?

Issue Working Group Formation

(to further research and detail actionable areas: quick wins)

Result: validated long list of issues/

priorities

Result: Short list of

priorities and

proposition papers

Result: Stakeholder

agreed priority actions

Result: demonstratio

n projects/ quick win

strategies / mid-long term

plan

Sorsogon City Actions

Assessed its vulnerabilities and developed strategies and actions in response

Sorsogon City Actions

Assessed its vulnerabilities and developed strategies and actions in response

Sorsogon City Actions

Assessed its vulnerabilities and developed strategies and actions in response

Sorsogon City Actions

Assessed its vulnerabilities and developed strategies and actions in response

Sorsogon City Actions

Enhanced its Comprehensive

Development Plan and

Comprehensive Land Use Plan

using results of the

vulnerability assessment, with

the participation of

stakeholders

Sorsogon City Actions

• Developed minimum

standards for climate-

resilient housing structures

and site plans

• Developed a family guide

and community assessment

tool for housing structures

• Demonstrating the standards

through construction or

retrofitting of actual

structures (June 2011)

Sorsogon City Actions

Convened a regional forum to collaboratively share knowledge and

experience and commit to climate change actions

Sorsogon City Priority Action Areas &

Demonstration Projects on CCHousing and Basic Services

• Improving Housing Structures of the Poor

• Water and Sanitation

• CC responsive Shelter Plan Development

Livelihoods and Economic Development

• Livelihood baseline development

• Skills development for non climate sensitive livelihoods

• LED in context of CC

Environmental Management

• Forest and Mangrove rehab and aforestation

• Lowering of GHG emission (transport and energy)

• Public Building conversion to efficient lighting fixtures and systems

• Tricycle conversion to 4 stroke motors

Mainstreaming CRR/DRR

• Development of Local Policies

• Enhancement of CLUP/CDP

• CBDRRM strengthening

• SMART schools

Opportunities and Directions

• Ongoing development of the National Climate Change Action

Plan. Opportunity to involve urban stakeholders in the

development of the Action Plan.

• National replication of CC/DRR-sensitized CDP & CLUP

• City- to- City exchanges and sustained advocacy

• National government initiatives on LGU capacity development.

Capacities in developing and financing local adaptation and

mitigation actions/projects

• Integration of CCA and DRR in the Philippine Urban Consortium

through the Action Plans of the Working Groups

End of Presentation

Thank You

Maraming Salamat

Cities and Climate Change Initiative in

Sorsogon City

Sorsogon City, with the support of UN-HABITAT’s CCCI, is currently enhancing its resilience to climate change impacts

� Capacity building for city policy makers (Executive and Legislative) and Technical Working Group and Issue Working Groups

� Development of Climate Change City Vulnerability & Adaptation Assessment (V&AA)

� Development of city GHG Profile (transport and energy)

� Multi-stakeholder climate change issues prioritization and action planning

� Implementation of “demonstrable actions” for quick wins

� Enhancement of local development plans (CDP and CLUP), systems and processes

� Development of Integrated Shelter Plan considering CC impacts

• The “First Philippine National Consultation on Cities in Climate Change” in May

2009 identified the need to mainstream urban development concerns in the

Second National Communication on Climate Change (2009)

• The “Philippine Urban Development and Climate Change Forum” produced the

“Urban Stakeholders Action Agenda on Climate Change (USAACC)” presented

to the Philippine Urban Consortium (PUC). The Agenda was adopted and

mainstreamed into the PUC working group action plans. The USAACC was also

advocated to the Climate Change Commission in the development of the

National Framework Strategy on Climate Change and as part of the guiding

principles for the development of the National Climate Change Action Plan

• DILG-HUDCC-UN HABITAT partnership on “Mainstreaming Climate Change in

the Local Planning System”

Responses and Initiatives Undertaken to

Advance the Urban Agenda

The National Framework Strategy on Climate Change

The Climate Change

Commission issued the

“National Framework

Strategy on Climate

Change” in April 2010

The framework adopted

Philippine Agenda 21

Although the NFSCC

recognizes the

urbanization as a factor of

over-all vulnerability, urban

considerations are mainly

concentrated in the

sustainable infrastructure

sector

Sorsogon City Climate Change Initiatives

• Capacity building trainings for TWG and IWG

• GIS training

• Radio/Local TV programs

• Pre-marriage counseling

• Search for model barangay on energy conservation, ESWM, recycling competition

• Photo Contest

• Ms. Sosogon contest

• Sosogon Festival theme: “Continuing commitment to preserve Mother Earth through looking back and looking forward in the light of climate change”

• Organized the Region V Climate Change Summit