The Philippine Art in 19th Century

Michael S. GensonJeffrey Iglesia

The Philippine Art in 19th Century

I. ArchitecturesII. PaintingsIII. SculpturesIV. MusicV. Band and OrchestraVI. OperaVII. InstrumentsVIII.Theater

Architectures

• Architecture in the Philippines today is the result of a natural growth enrich with the absorption of varied influences. It develop from the pre colonial influences of our Malay brothers, 300 years of the Spanish Colonial Period and 50 years of the American Commonwealth period.

19th Century Houses

• Wealthy Filipinos built some fine houses that is usually made with solid stone foundations or brick lower walls, wooden upper story, and overhanging. It has a shell sliding windows and a tiled roof.

Vigan Ilocos Norte.

Rizal House of Calamba

Wooden Upper Story

Botaca

Mesa Altar

• Damian Domingo got recognition as the “Father of Filipino Painting.”

• Two Filipino painters won recognition in Europe – Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo “Antigone” and Juan Luna’s Spolarium were both acclaimed in Europe as masterpieces of Filipino painting.

Paintings ( Damian Domingo)

Spolarium (Juan Luna)

• Philippine Sculpture is the most familiar art forms among Filipinos. From the transitional carving of anitos to the santos to Christ and down to the saints.

• Filipinos woodcarvers were engaged in designing and decorating church interiors.

• Guillermo Tolentino found as the hero in the 19th century art movement. His most popular piece was the Bonifacio Monument.

Holy Child of Cebu, Philippines “St. Peter the Apostle”

San Agustin Church

San Agustin Church

The Monument of Gat. Andres Bonifacio and the heroes of 1896 by national artist Guillermo Tolentino

Floral motifs are signature to Tampinco's works as seen in this angel sculpture.

Art Noveau, a style that is characterized by unpredictable directions of curved lines as exemplified in this Tampinco frame.

Spanish Colonial Period

• Awit and Kurido or Corrido- The earliest foreign-influenced Filipino entertainment is the a musical show of dances and songs replacing the ancient epics during the conversion of early Filipinos to Christianity.

• Local talents adapted and performed this musical form into several dialects such as Pampango, Ilokano, Ilongo, Tagalog and Bicol.

• Sarswela (Zarzuela), a pleasing show of combined acting and singing introduced by the Spanish in the late 19th century along with the arrival of American productions.

• Kundiman, The most romantic of all. Its a combination of romantic words and mellow tunes interpreted through songs. Its musical structure derived basically from Kumintang or well-adored Tagalog songs composed to express romantic feelings and admiration for someone.

Philippine Cinema

Film

• youngest of the Philippine arts• has evolved to become the most popular of all

the art forms• Introduced only in 1897• As an art form, it reflects the culture and the

beliefs of the people it caters to and most times, is the one who shapes their consciousness.

The 1930s to 1940s

• Two Swiss entrepreneurs introduced film shows in Manila as early as 1897

• Two American entrepreneurs made a film in 1912 about Jose Rizal’s execution.

• The credit of being the first Filipino to make a film goes to Jose Nepumuceno, whom historians dub as the “Father of Philippine Movies”

• Nepumuceno’s first film was based on a highly-acclaimed musical play of that day, Dalagang Bukid (Country Maiden) by Hemogenes Ilagan and Leon Ignacio.

• Finally, by the 1930s, a few film artists and producers dared to stray from the guidelines and commented on sociopolitical issues, using contemporary or historical matter.

• Director, actor, writer and producer Julian Manansala’s film Patria Amore (Beloved Country) was almost suppressed because of its anti-Spanish sentiments. This earned him the honor of being dubbed the “Father of the Nationalistic Film”.

• The 1940s and the war brought to Philippine film the consciousness of reality which was not present in the preceding films. Filmmakers dared to venture into the genre of the war movie. This was also a ready market especially after the war.

• The 1950s were the Golden Years, a time when films matured and became more “artistic”. The studio system, though producing film after film and venturing into every known genre, made the film industry into a monopoly that prevented the development of independent cinema.

Band and Orchestra

Opera

Instruments

Theater