PhD in Maritime Affairs

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PhD in Maritime Affairs

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“Our PhD programme is a key part of our research activities, and is an essential capacity-building contribution by WMU to the health and sustainability of the oceans, seas, and shipping industry around the globe.”

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As President of the World Maritime University (WMU), it gives me enormous pleasure and pride to present our PhD Programme. We have entered a very exciting period in the history of WMU. The WMU Board of Governors and the IMO Council have endorsed the IMO Secretary-General’s Study on the Sustainability of WMU, which identifies eight strategic directions for the University, one of which is specifically focused on strengthening the University’s research function for maritime policy and ocean subjects.

In light of this development, WMU has expanded its offerings to include oceans and energy goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and in particular Goals 7, 14 and 17. Goal 7 concerns access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. Goal 14 deals with the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas and maritime resources for sustainable development. Goal 17 deals with strengthening the means of implementation and revitalization of the global partnership for sustainable development.

WMU is the global centre of excellence for postgraduate maritime and ocean education, research and capacity building. Research is an integral part of our mission, and informs all our activities. Around 30 research projects are being carried out at any given time, many of which are EU funded. WMU cooperates and coordinates with the IMO, including providing consultancy services, as well as with other UN agencies and maritime institutions worldwide. A vibrant maritime industry, where policy and governance are based on the international Conventions of the IMO, depends on the high-level knowledge that is the result of research. Our PhD programme is a key part of our research activities, and is an essential capacity-building contribution by WMU to the health and sustainability of the oceans, seas, and shipping industry around the globe.

Founded by the IMO, a specialized agency of the United Nations, WMU is unique among maritime universities. I welcome you to explore the opportunities available through our interdisciplinary PhD programme. I trust you will find inspiration in the range of opportunities available to you in the inherently diverse environment of WMU.

WMU is the home of excellence in maritime and ocean research, as well as in education and training, and I look forward to welcoming you in person.

Message from the President

Dr. Cleopatra Doumbia-HenryPresident, World Maritime University

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Since WMU was founded some 30 years ago by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the University has established a reputation as a global center for postgraduate maritime education, research, and capacity building. Our mission is to be the world’s leading maritime university and based on a great deal of feedback from our alumni and their employers, we are succeeding in the task. The WMU PhD Programme offers candidates the opportunity to further develop their maritime specialization to the highest academic level. Our focus areas are related to the maritime sector and include safety, security, technology and energy, education, environment, shipping management, administration, and law and policy. Research at WMU directly relates to current and future issues of importance to the maritime sector and the results are contributing to policy development at IMO and its Technical Cooperation mission. Flexible enrollment patterns allow candidates to carry out their research either at WMU or their location of choice such as with their employer. Our world-renowned faculty serve as supervisors and we may seek advice from top specialists in the world as co-supervisors. If you are interested in pursuing a PhD at the IMO’s apex institution for postgraduate studies and research, and becoming part of our diverse and international community of maritime experts, we look forward to hearing from you.

Welcome to the World Maritime University PhD Programme

Mrs. Carla Fischer Faculty Support Officer [email protected]/phd

Dr. Olof Lindén Professor, The Nippon

Foundation Chair Director, Research & Doctoral Programme

[email protected]

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The World Maritime University is a unique, global maritime institution founded in 1983 by the International Maritime Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations. As a center of excellence for maritime and oceans postgraduate education and research, WMU offers MSc and PhD Programmes as well as Executive and Professional Development Courses with the highest standards in maritime affairs. WMU promotes the international exchange and transfer of maritime ideas and knowledge.

WMU offers: • A global maritime network of over 4,000 alumni from 166 countries

• Highly specialized and internationally renowned faculty and research associates that • represent the core maritime fields

• International connections with the commercial shipping sector and alliances with • national maritime administrations

About the programme WMU’s PhD programme offers candidates the opportunity to carry out research across the maritime field, but with an emphasis on issues related to the International Maritime Organization’s mission of maritime safety, security and environmental protection. Our doctoral programme offers unrivaled access to international maritime experts both inside and outside academia and to organizations working at the forefront of research and development.

Doctoral students at WMU come from industry, academia, and the government sector. The programme offers a flexible solution during the period of enrollment. Candidates may be based at the University or elsewhere, such as their place of employment.

Principal areas of research include: • Marine Environmental Research (MER Group)

• Maritime Administration: Law, Policy and Security

• Maritime Education & Training, Human and Organizational Development (METHOD Group)

• Maritime Energy Research (MarEner Group)

• Maritime Risk and System Safety (MaRiSa Group)

• Ocean Policy and Management

• Shipping and Port Management

About WMU

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“I am impressed by the University’s worldwide maritime network. Having access to maritime policy makers, professionals and students from all over the world is inspiring - it makes your ideas take flight”.

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Student profile

Armando GrazianoPhD Candidate / Research Assistant Italy

What attracted you to WMU?

I first came across WMU while pursuing my Master studies in Nautical Sciences in Italy. I hadn’t considered continuing with post-graduate studies, but when I looked into WMU’s PhD programme, it made me change my mind.

What are you researching now?

Currently my research is focused on evaluating the extent to which Flag State performance can be determined by Port State Control inspections and how this indicator can be improved. At the same time I am also working on a project investigating the improvement of ship inspections using risk-based approaches.

What is the highlight of being a student at WMU?

When you have spent a considerable part of your academic career studying maritime affairs, having the opportunity to be a part of WMU is an important and unforgettable milestone. I am impressed by the University’s worldwide maritime network. Having access to maritime policy makers, professionals and students from all over the world is inspiring - it makes your ideas take flight.

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Michael Baldauf, Dr-Ing Associate ProfessorGermany • transport engineering• VTS traffic monitoring• collision risk detection

Raphael Baumler, PhD Associate ProfessorFrance • risk management/ship safety• marine environmental protection• biosecurity in shipping• air emissions in shipping• human factors & social issues in shipping• complexity in shipping context

Lisa Froholdt, PhD Assistant ProfessorNew Zealand / Denmark • human factors • communication (crisis, routine & • cross-cultural) • educational psychology • psychotraumatology in pirate hijacking • maritime education & training

Devinder Grewal, PhD Professor Indian Chair in Port ManagementIndia / Australia • maritime economics • ports & terminal management • logistics & international trade • freight transport networks• strategic management & • organizational efficiency

Aref Fakhry, PhD Associate ProfessorLebanon / Canada • maritime law & policy• maritime security (piracy, • terrorism, human trafficking)• commercial shipping law• ocean governance• marine environmental protection

Patrick Donner, LLM Associate Professor Finland • maritime law• marine insurance

Jarrod DeWitz, MBA Lecturer United States of America • risk management• human element• environmental protection • maritime safety

Dimitrios Dalaklis, PhDAssistant Professor Greece • electronic navigation• navigation simulators• maritime security

Clive Cole, BEd (Hons)Associate ProfessorUnited Kingdom • maritime english• maritime education & training

Johan Bolmsten, PhD Part-time LecturerSweden • oriented design & development• evolvable software products • end user development training

Neil Bellefontaine, MMM ProfessorCanada • environmental protection • fisheries / marine aquaculture • coastal & oceans management • marine oil spills • transboundary management

WMU faculty and their research interests

Larry Hildebrand, PhD ProfessorCanadian ChairCanada • integrated coastal & ocean management• ocean governance• maritime spatial planning• marine environmental protection• training & capacity building

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George Theocharidis, Dr.iur Associate Professor Greece • admiralty law• maritime law• commercial shipping law• maritime/ocean governance • conflict of laws

Dong-Wook Song, PhD Professor Korean Chair in Maritime LogisticsRepublic of Korea • maritime logistics • trade logistics policy • maritime economics • shipping & port organization & • strategy

WMU faculty and their research interests

Momoko Kitada, PhD Assistant Professor The Nippon FoundationJapan • multi-cultural work environment• women seafarers• cultural issues

Olof Lindén, PhD ProfessorThe Nippon Foundation ChairSweden • marine pollution / oil spills• climate change• ballast water & invasive species• impacts of shipping on marine • mammals

Shuo Ma, PhD ProfessorChina • shipping & port economics• policy & management• marine environmental economics• Chinese shipping & ports

Michael Manuel, PhD Associate Professor The Nippon Foundation ChairGhana • operational risk governance & • policy management• organizational behavior & learning• knowledge management• maritime education & training

Daniel Moon, PhD ProfessorINMARSAT ChairRepublic of Korea • port economics• port management• port operation & logistics• maritime education & training

Aykut Ölçer, PhD ProfessorTurkey • maritime energy management• naval architecture• maritime technology• marine engineering• ship design & production• decision making & optimization

María Carolina Romero Lares, PhD Associate ProfessorVenezuela • international maritime conventions • ocean governance• law related to the marine • environment • law of the sea • maritime delimitation

Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs, Dr-Ing Professor The Nippon Foundation ChairGermany • maritime casualties• ship safety• maritime risk

Ilias Visvikis, PhD Professor Greece • shipping finance• maritime financial management• financial & shipping derivatives• risk management• econometrics

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Faculty profile

Aref Fakhry, PhDAssociate Professor

Why is WMU a good place for you to be?

WMU is the only university of its kind which is geared toward all the countries of the world, and tries to make a difference in maritime affairs. I feel very privileged to share my expertise and ideas with professors, students and scholars, who all enrich this university in their own way.

What are you researching now?

I am involved in several strands of research related to maritime law and policy. Most of my research relates to security at sea, although I am also pursuing projects related to other aspects of shipping law, notably, commercial law. One of the projects that I am leading (PROMERC) involves research on the ethical and human rights standards associated with protecting seafarers from acts of maritime violence.

What does WMU offer to PhD candidates that is unique?

I feel that the combination of multidisciplinarity and our UN mandate make studying at WMU a unique experience. WMU is also extremely well connected with international powerhouses. Our research facilities are constantly being enhanced.

“I feel that the combination of multidisciplinarity and our UN mandate make studying at WMU a unique experience.”

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Abhinayan Basu Bal, India A Critical Evaluation of the Rotterdam Rules: Selected Issues in Perspective

Kevin Ghirxi, Malta The Stopping Rule is No Rule at All: Exploring Maritime Safety Investigation as an EmergentProcess Within a Selection of IMO Member States

Ying Li, China Multimodal Transportation under the Rotterdam Rules: Law and Policy Implications in the Chinese Context

Mikis Manolis, Canada UNCITRAL and the Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea: Treaty Interpretation and Forum Selection Clauses in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia (Joint PhD Programme with Swansea University)

Michael Manuel, Ghana Safety-Related Organizational Learning and Risk Construal in Shipping Companies

Kofi Mbiah, Ghana Balancing Shipper and Carrier Interests: A Comparative Analysis of Some Salient Features of the Rotterdam Rules and its Predecessor Treaties

Azfar Mustafar, Malaysia An Inquiry into the Regimes of Piracy, Unlawful Acts and Related Preventative Measures under International Maritime Law (Joint PhD Programme with Swansea University)

Rajendra Prasad, India The Role of Collaborative Learning in Promoting Safety in Shipboard Machinery Spaces

Jong-Kyun Woo, Republic of Korea The Impacts of Voyage Optimization and Slow Steaming on the Liner Shipping Strategy through Dynamic Simulation

Graduates dissertation titles

“WMU’s PhD programme was inspiring - an enriching experience within an academic institution which has broadened my horizons. Throughout my research and stay at WMU, I had the opportunity and privilege to meet scholars, practitioners, and students; members of our maritime community who came with a wealth of experience and knowledge which they willingly shared.” Dr. Kevin Ghirxi 2010 PhD Graduate Head of Marine Safety Investigation UnitTransport Malta

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“Coming from a background of marine biology and coastal management, with a passion for ships and maritime transport-related matters, the PhD programme and working in the Marine Environmental Research group allow me to combine my different interests. Working on a PhD in such an interdisciplinary setting has been a great learning experience as people from different scientific and professional backgrounds regularly assess my research giving insight and new points of view to the work.”

Annukka Pekkarinen PhD CandidateFinland

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Safaa Al-Fayyadh, IraqDevelopment of the Framework for a Lean, Energy Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Port: Umm Qasr Port as a Case Study

Ali Abbas Khayoon Al-Naseri, IraqAdmissibility of Electronic Bill of Lading, a Legal Perspective on using Electronic Bill of Lading in Iraq on the Light of English Law

Bryan Buxton-Barnor, GhanaCritical Assessment for the Synergy of Maritime Spatial Planning and Maritime Boundary Delimitation, In Process Of Curbing Sea Use Mismatches: The Case of Ghana and Côte D’Ivoire Sea Use Dispute.

Evangelos Darousos, GreeceA Comparative Approach of International Maritime Clusters towards Ocean Governance, Economic Development & Geopolitical Empowerment

Peter Egbegi, NigeriaTowards a Legal and Regulatory Framework for the Development of an Oceans Policy in Nigeria

Osatohanmwen Anastasia Eruaga, NigeriaExploring the Effect of Gun Control Laws and Enforcement on Private Maritime Security Companies’ Participation in Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea: A Gulf of Guinea Perspective

Jennie Folkunger, SwedenChallenges in Ballast Water Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement

Armando Graziano, ItalyMonitoring Flag State Implementation and Enforcement. Identification of Performance Indicators through Port State Control

Tafsir Johansson, BangladeshSalvage, Wreck Removal and Shipwreck-recycling: Exploring the Legal and Corporate Social Responsibility Aspect of Abandoned Vessels and Wrecks of Canada

Lawrence Kuroshi, NigeriaEvaluation for Optimal Ballast Water Management Method Using SEPBiC Based Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Technique

Derek Lambert, South AfricaAddressing the Challenges Facing South African Marine Engineering Education: A Case Study at a South African University of Technology

Huiru Liu, China The Emerging Concept of Environmental Salvage and its Indemnification: Legal Issues in Perspective

Anete Logina, LatviaCriminal Procedures and Sanctions against Seafarers after Large-scale Ship-source Oil Pollution Accidents: A Human Rights Perspective

Agus Mardaly, IndonesiaPerformance Measurement of Maritime Security Entities; Rebalancing Operational and Administrative Perspective

Ruurd van der Meer, The NetherlandsRoute-based Modelling of Marine Environmental Impact by Shipping

Current candidates proposed dissertation titles

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Syed Raza Ali Mehdi, PakistanRisk Assessment of Vessels Operating Near Offshore Wind-farms

Kana Mutombo, South AfricaA Holistic Risk-Oriented Framework for Port Infrastructure Adaptation to Climate Change

Adriana Avila Zuñiga Nordfjeld, Mexico/NorwayOffshore Oil Business in Mexico: Mitigating Potential Security Risks

Olugbenga Leke Oyewole, NigeriaEffectiveness of Inter-Agency Collaboration on Maritime Security: Sea Robbery, Crude Oil Theft and Petroleum Products Smuggling in Nigeria

Dawn Patten, CanadaExploring the concepts of safety culture in the offshore supply vessel (OSV) domain: a comparative study of OSVs, tankers and fishing vessels

Annukka Pekkarinen, FinlandMitigating Ship Strikes in Southern Sri Lanka: A Management Strategy Evaluation of Existing IMO-approved Tools and their Legal and Economic Impacts on International Shipping

Jonas Pålsson, SwedenOil Spill Preparedness in Sweden - Prevention, Planning, and Response for Large Accidents

Unni Ramachandran, IndiaOccupational Safety and Health of Seafarers - An Inquiry into the Tensions and Gaps Between International Human Rights Law, International Maritime Labour Standards and National Laws

Omran Radhi Thani, IraqStudy of the Coastal and Offshore Hydrography and Ballast Water Management of the Northern Arabian Gulf

Glenn Wright, USAShip-Centric, Dynamic Electronic Aids to Navigation (eAtoN)

Kyaw Zeya, MyanmarAnalysis of Impediments to the Effective Implementation of the STCW Convention/Code

Jian Zhao, ChinaThe Research on Policies, Strategies and Governance in the Chinese Port Sector with Respect to Investment and Finance

“I am simply astonished at the complexities detailed on the global news networks regarding today's societies and their growing inability to coexist, yet here are dozens of different countries attending one school and it appears as though everyone has forgotten the issues of the 'outside world' and simply want to make this world a better place. WMU should be commended on its ability to ensure so many different people can co-exist and learn together. If all schools had similar diversity I truly feel the world would be a much better place.”Dawn PattenPhD Candidate Canada

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Professor Olof Lindén, Field Research, Côte d’Ivoire

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Applications are welcome from suitably qualified individuals who wish to undertake research leading to a doctoral degree either on a full-time basis in Malmö, or part-time basis at their location of choice such as their place of employment. Acceptance into the programme is based on the evaluation of academic ability as well as the availability of suitable supervisors.

Entrance requirementsApplicants should typically hold a Master’s degree, completed with good grades with a dissertation, in a relevant discipline. In exceptional cases, substantial professional, business or industrial qualification/experience may also be taken into consideration. The Admissions Board will select only the best-qualified candidates, taking into account all qualifications and achievements.

Application for admissionAll candidates must submit the application form and a detailed research proposal. In addition, two letters of academic reference from people familiar with the applicant’s suitability for doctoral research should be sent directly by the referees to the doctoral office. Certified copies of transcripts of all academic qualif ications should be included with the application form, including the results of an internationally recognized test of English language. Individuals who have not yet completed their Master’s degree should include a transcript of the marks received to date, understanding that an offer of placement is conditional on successful completion of the Master’s degree as well as evaluation of the final marks by the Admissions Board. Prospective candidates are encouraged to visit wmu.se/phd-apply to download all required forms and to find further information and guidance.

Research proposalAll applicants must submit a research proposal that clearly indicates the area in which their research will be conducted, including the key issues to be examined in detail. The research proposal should identify an original research question, and demonstrate that the applicant understands what research at the postgraduate level entails. The quality of the research proposal is extremely important. It is a crucial part of the application and will be used to match prospective candidates with research supervisors. To download the research proposal form and find more information and guidance on the length and content of the proposal, please visit wmu.se/phd-apply.

English language requirementsApplicants must offer results from one of the following internationally recognized standard tests of English language:Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) 96+ in the internet-based test 590+ in the paper-based test WMU’s TOEFL institution code is 9198International English Language Testing System (IELTS) band 7.0 or above Cambridge Examinations Cambridge Proficiency Examination at grade A or BGCE O-level or the equivalent a good pass grade

Enrolment periods and application outcomes Students can register twice each year, in April or September. Applicants, who have provided the University with all of the supporting documents required for an assessment to proceed, should receive their application outcome by e-mail within 12 weeks from the date of application.

How to apply

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Student profile

Lawrence KuroshiPhD Candidate Nigeria

What attracted you to WMU?I earned a Master of Science degree at WMU and during my studies at that time I found an academic environment that offered my research curiosities the opportunity to thrive. The University’s position as a premier global maritime centre for academic excellence, its multicultural setting and the unrivaled breadth and depth of its faculty (resident and visiting) in maritime research, made WMU my choice for a doctoral programme.

What are you researching now?I am researching the viability of a novel concept of ballast water management spurred by the reluctance of the majority of ship owners to install the ballast water treatment system (BWTS) onboard their ships as a recent Lloyd’s list survey suggests. The staggering aggregative cost of installing BWTS onboard the entire global merchant fleet and the myriad of related arguments and uncertainties involved with the imminence of the BWM convention’s implementation furthered my desire to find a coherent synthesis to the dialectics.

What is the highlight of being a student at WMU?It is an invaluable opportunity to interact with global industry thought leaders from a wide spectrum of the maritime industry including adjunct, visiting and resident professors. In addition, the library and research services are world class.

“The University’s position as a premier global maritime centre for academic excellence, its multicultural setting and the unrivaled breadth and depth of its faculty (resident and visiting) in maritime research, made WMU my choice for a doctoral programme.”

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The credit systemThe PhD programme is structured on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) and consists of 240 ECTS credits completed over a registration period of three to six years. Within these time limits, candidates may work at their own pace, which can also vary during their period of enrollment.

Progression 1 ECTS credit (EC) is approximately 26 to 28 study load hours. Successful participation in the Research Methods Course earns 20 EC. Each of the four progression seminars, successfully completed, earns 40 EC and successful defense of a finalized dissertation earns a candidate 60 EC. In the initial 6 months of their registration, candidates complete a research methodology programme, and prepare a detailed proposal for their research, including a literature review. At the end of this initial period, the first progression seminar is held, at which the candidates each present their research proposals. Throughout the doctoral programme, further progression seminars are held where the candidates present the results of their research and the plans for further work. After every seminar, the Progression Board meets and considers whether the candidate should proceed to the next stage of the research. The defense of each PhD dissertation is assessed by a specially established committee that includes at least one senior and well recognized external expert in the relevant field and from an established organization.

Advanced standing A candidate who has completed part of a doctoral degree elsewhere may transfer into the WMU programme with advanced standing. For details about the conditions, please visit wmu.se/phd.

Programme structure and fees

Syed Raza Ali Mehdi, PhD Candidate, Pakistan (right) with WMU MSc Students Osatohanmwen Anastasia Eruaga, PhD Candiate, Nigeria

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Supervision All doctoral candidates have a principal supervisor who is a member of the resident faculty. According to the topic of research, a candidate may also have one or two co-supervisors who may be another member of the resident faculty, an Adjunct Professor, a Visiting Professor, or a suitable person from outside the University.

Tuition fees As of 2015, the full University fee is US$ 33,400, and is charged by the credits obtained. It includes supervision, library and laboratory access, IT support at WMU, and medical, life, and accident insurance. In addition, a student needs around SEK10,000 per month for rent and general living costs in Malmö, plus travel expenses. Since WMU is a UN institution and not part of the national Swedish education system, our students cannot claim study support from the Swedish government or any other EU state.

back row - from left to right: Evangelos Darousos (Greece), Agus Mardaly (Indonesia), Ruurd van der Meer (The Netherlands), Bryan Buxton-Barnor (Ghana), Ali Al-Naseri (Iraq), front row - from left to right: Adriana Nordfjeld (Mexico/Norway), Huiru Liu (China), Safaa Al-Fayyadh (Iraq)

EC

Fee

ProgressionSeminar 1

40

$5,500


40

$5,500


40

$5,500


40

$5,500

Dissertation

60

$8,400

Total

240

$33,400

ResearchMethods Course

20

$3,000

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“ It is not only the knowledge that I acquired, but also the way of thinking, the ability to address and resolve complex problematic issues and the confidence that has enabled me to take on challenging tasks.”

Alumna profile

Dr. Ying LiPhD Graduate China

What would you say to someone considering PhD studies at WMU?WMU is an industry-oriented university with a student-friendly environment. PhD candidates have a wide exposure to scholars, practitioners and officials from the maritime sector all over the world and are afforded many opportunities to communicate with them. This helps candidates to plan their future career and realize their aspirations in the real world whether in industry or academia. WMU has an excellent faculty, members of which in addition to the appointed supervisor, are available to advise and guide PhD candidates.

In what ways has your experience from WMU impacted your career?I was nominated by the Ministry of Transport of China to study at WMU for the Master’s programme. This was followed by my personal initiative to purse PhD studies. With the academic experience I acquired from WMU I was able to increase my professional competency in my career in the Ministry as a result of which I was transferred to the most challenging sector in the Ministry - the Comprehensive Planning Department which is in charge of the integrated planning of different modes of transportation in China including shipping. It is not only the knowledge that I acquired, but also the way of thinking, the ability to address and resolve complex problematic issues and the confidence that has enabled me to take on challenging tasks.

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The World Maritime University PhD programme provides candidates with unparalleled supervision by WMU’s expert Faculty, learning

side-by-side with scholars from around the world.

All information in this brochure was correct at the time of print but is subject to change. For the latest information please visit www.wmu.se/phd Our website is regularly updated with research news.

For information about current projects please visit wmu.se/research

This brochure is compiled and published annually by the World Maritime University

INTERNATIONALMARITIMEORGANIZATION

World Maritime University, PO Box 500, S 20124 Malmö, Sweden www.wmu.se I +46 40 35 63 00

PhD in Maritime Affairs

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